1. A gene graveyard in the genome of the fungus Podospora comata
- Author
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Patrick Wincker, Sylvie Hermann-Le Denmat, Robert Debuchy, Pierre Grognet, Jean-Marc Dauget, Michelle Chablat, Valérie Gautier, Philippe Silar, Arnaud Couloux, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED (UMR_8236)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jacques Monod (IJM (UMR_7592)), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Différenciation sexuée et méiose chez les champignons (DSMC), Département Biologie des Génomes (DBG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fonctions et dysfonctions de la mitochondrie (FDMITO), Département Biologie Cellulaire (BioCell), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Transposable element ,anserina ,Genome evolution ,Genetic Speciation ,Pseudogene ,Speciation ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Sordariales ,neanderthal ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Genome ,Podospora anserina ,Evolution, Molecular ,Fungal Proteins ,03 medical and health sciences ,Podospora ,Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ,Genetics ,Molecular Biology ,Gene ,biodiversity ,Base Sequence ,Sequence Analysis, RNA ,Chromosome Mapping ,General Medicine ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,15. Life on land ,sequence ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,Lasiosphaeriaceae ,Horizontal gene transfer ,Podospora comata ,Gene Deletion ,Pseudogenes ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
WOS:000457456800015; International audience; Mechanisms involved in fine adaptation of fungi to their environment include differential gene regulation associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms and indels (including transposons), horizontal gene transfer, gene copy amplification, as well as pseudogenization and gene loss. The two Podospora genome sequences examined here emphasize the role of pseudogenization and gene loss, which have rarely been documented in fungi. Podospora comata is a species closely related to Podospora anserina, a fungus used as model in several laboratories. Comparison of the genome of P. comata with that of P. anserina, whose genome is available for over 10 years, should yield interesting data related to the modalities of genome evolution between these two closely related fungal species that thrive in the same types of biotopes, i.e., herbivore dung. Here, we present the genome sequence of the mat+isolate of the P. comata reference strain T. Comparison with the genome of the mat+isolate of P. anserina strain S confirms that P. anserina and P. comata are likely two different species that rarely interbreed in nature. Despite having a 94-99% of nucleotide identity in the syntenic regions of their genomes, the two species differ by nearly 10% of their gene contents. Comparison of the species-specific gene sets uncovered genes that could be responsible for the known physiological differences between the two species. Finally, we identified 428 and 811 pseudogenes (3.8 and 7.2% of the genes) in P. anserina and P. comata, respectively. Presence of high numbers of pseudogenes supports the notion that difference in gene contents is due to gene loss rather than horizontal gene transfers. We propose that the high frequency of pseudogenization leading to gene loss in P. anserina and P. comata accompanies specialization of these two fungi. Gene loss may be more prevalent during the evolution of other fungi than usually thought.
- Published
- 2018