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International audience; BackgroundIt has been suggested that shortening the length of the biliopancreatic limb (BPL) to 150 cm in one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) would reduce nutritional complication rates without impairing weight loss outcomes. The aim of this study is to compare patients who underwent OAGB with a 200-cm BPL (OAGB-200) to patients with OAGB with a 150-cm BPL (OAGB-150) in terms of weight loss and late morbidity.MethodsThis is a monocentric retrospective matched cohort study including patients with a body mass index between 35 and 50 kg/m2 who underwent an OAGB-150 or an OAGB-200. Patients were matched 1:1 based on age, sex, and body mass index, prior to bariatric surgery.ResultsIn total, 784 patients who underwent OAGB were included (OAGB-150 n = 392 and OAGB-200 (n = 392). There was no significant difference in terms of early morbidity. Regarding late morbidity in patients with an OAGB-150, significantly lower rates for marginal ulcer (OR = 0.4, CI 95% [0.2; 0.8], p = 0.006), incisional hernia (OR = 0.5, CI 95% [0.3; 1], p = 0.041), and bowel obstruction (OR = 0.3, CI 95% [0.1; 0.9], p = 0.039) were reported. Likewise, regarding late nutritional deficiencies, post-OAGB-150, a significantly lower number of patients with hypoalbuminemia (OR = 0.3, CI 95% [0.2; 0.7], p = 0.006), low vitamin B9 (OR = 0.5, CI 95% [0.2; 1], p = 0.044), and low ferritin (OR = 0.5, CI 95% [0.3; 0.8], p = 0.005) were observed. There was no significant difference in the percentage of excess BMI loss at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years.ConclusionCompared to OAGB-200 in patients with BMI ≤ 50 kg/m2, OAGB-150 results in fewer nutritional deficiency rates long term, without impairing weight loss.

PDF file - 83KB, Kaplan Meier curves for the duration of OS according A, to T cell (CD3+) density evaluated in combined tumor regions (CT and IM). B, to T cell (CD8+) density evaluated in combined tumor regions (CT and IM).

Supplementary Table 1: characteristics of the HEGP cohort of rectal cancer patients Supplementary Table 2: Characteristics of the St Spiridon Hospital cohort of patients Supplementary Table 3: Immune infiltration of CD3+ and CD8+ cells in tumor regions and clinical outcome. Cohort of 111 patients eligible to primary surgery. Supplementary Table 4: Patients at risk at each interval in the Kaplan Meier survival curves for the duration of DFS and OS according to the Immunoscore (CD3-CD8). Supplementary Table 5: Repartition of the "surgery cohort" patient's according to Stage and Immunoscore

Purpose: To determine whether the tumor immune infiltrate, as recently evaluated with the Immunoscore methodology, could be a useful prognostic marker in patients with rectal cancers.Experimental design: The influence of the immune infiltrate on patient's outcome was investigated in patients with or without preoperative chemoradiation therapy (pCRT). The density of total (CD3+) and cytotoxic (CD8+) T lymphocytes was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and quantified by a dedicated image analysis software in surgical specimens of patients with rectal cancer (n = 111) who did not receive pCRT and in tumor biopsies performed before pCRT from additional 55 patients. The results were correlated with tumor recurrence, patient's survival, and response to pCRT.Results: The densities of CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes and the associated Immunoscore (from I0 to I4) were significantly correlated with differences in disease-free and overall survival (HR, 1.81 and 1.72, respectively; all P < 0.005). Cox multivariate analysis supports the advantage of the Immunoscore compared with the tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) staging in predicting recurrence and survival (all P < 0.001). Lymph node ratio added information in a prognostic model (all P < 0.05). In addition, high infiltration of CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in tumor biopsies was associated with downstaging of the tumor after pCRT (CD3+ cells; Fisher exact test P = 0.01).Conclusions: The Immunoscore could be a useful prognostic marker in patients with rectal cancer treated by primary surgery. The determination of the immune infiltrate in biopsies before treatment could be a valuable information for the prediction of response to pCRT. Clin Cancer Res; 20(7); 1891–9. ©2014 AACR.

One-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is as effective as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) regarding weight loss and diabetes remission. However, there are no data on gut hormone secretions after OAGB. The aim of this study was to compare fasting and postprandial secretions of gut and pancreatic hormones in OAGB versus RYGB patients.Twenty-nine patients, 16 OAGB- and 13 RYGB-operated, underwent a liquid mixed-meal tolerance test at 2 years' post-surgery. Blood was sampled before and 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after meal for plasma measurement of glucose, C-peptide, insulin, glucagon, GLP-1, GIP, GLP-2, PYY, and ghrelin.Percentage of total weight loss 2 years post-surgery were -33.9 ± 1.8% for OAGB and -31.2 ± 1.6% for RYGB (p = 0.6). Four patients with persistent diabetes were excluded for further analysis. Fasting and postprandial glucose levels (peaks and area under curve values) were similar between groups. HOMA index was lower in the OAGB group (0.8 ± 0.1 vs 1.3 ± 0.2 in RYGB, p 0.05). Levels of C-peptide (or insulin) measured at 30 min were significantly lower in OAGB vs RYGB patients (6.9 ± 0.5 vs 9.7 ± 1.1 µg/l, p 0.05). No difference was observed between OAGB and RYGB groups for GLP-1, GLP-2, PYY, or ghrelin postprandial secretions, but GIP tended to be lower in OAGB vs RYGB patients (756 ± 155 vs 1100 ± 188 pg/ml for postprandial peak concentrations, p = 0.06).This is the first clinical study showing that OAGB procedure, like RYGB, results in high postprandial secretions of gut hormones, in particular GLP-1.Clinical Trials NCT03482895.

Background: Gastro-bronchial and gastro-colic fistulas (GB-GC) represent a rare, but serious complication after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic first-line approach with endoscopic internal drainage (EID) by inserting double pigtail stents (DPS) Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 40 consecutive patients referred at two tertiary centers for gastro-bronchial (N=30) and gastrocolic (N=10) fistulas following LSG. Nineteen patients previously experienced emergency surgical drainage. The mean interval between the index surgery and endoscopic fistula treatment was 265.6±521 days. Results: Healing of the fistulous tract was achieved in 19 patients (47.5%), with complete resolution at an average follow-up of 16 months. Mean time of treatment duration was 157.8±141 days with 5.0±2.9 endoscopic sessions. No major adverse events were registered. Conclusions: Despite complete fistula healing was achieved in less than 50% of our population, EID for GB/GC fistula after LSG still represents the most conservative approach with low complications rate. Previous surgical drainage seems to be a positive prognostic factor for endoscopic healing. While the longer the interval between the index surgery and endoscopic treatment, the lower was the rate of treatment success. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

Patients with one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) can develop gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The nature of this GERD (acid or biliary) remains unclear. To assess the nature of GERD via impedance pH testing in patients presenting with reflux post OAGB. Retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database of 43 patients with OAGB backgrounds who developed postoperative GERD and were investigated with impedance pH monitoring between 2006 and 2019. Mean age was 52.48 ± 9 years. Mean body mass index (BMI) prior to OAGB was 46.82 kg/m2. None of these patients had clinical GERD before surgery. The median time interval between surgery and investigation with 24-h impedance pH monitoring was 64 (56) months. The mean BMI at the time of investigations was 32.67 ± 6.9 kg/m2. The type of reflux was acid in 13 (30.2%), non-acid (biliary) in 12 (27.9%), and mixed (acid and biliary) in 5 (11.6%) patients. However, it remained not confirmed in 13 (30.2%). Median DeMeester score was 48.95 (27.67) in patients with acid, 2.8 (7.4) in patients with biliary, and 28.7 (5.6) in patients with mixed reflux. Median percent of time spent with pH < 4 was 9.65 (8) in patients with acid, 0.6 (1.75) in patients with biliary, and 7.7 (3.9) in patients with mixed reflux. Acid reflux seems to be as common as bile reflux in patients presenting with GERD after OAGB. In case of revisional surgery for severe GERD post OAGB, 24-h impedance pH monitoring could be essential to determine the surgical procedure of choice.

Gastric sleeve stenosis (GSS) is described in 1%-4% of patients.To evaluate the role of endoscopy in the management of stenosis after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy using a standardized approach according to the characteristic of stenosis.Retrospective, observational, single-center study on patients referred from several bariatric surgery departments to an endoscopic referral center.We enrolled 202 patients. All patients underwent endoscopy in a fluoroscopy setting, and a systematic classification of the type, site, and length of the GSS was performed. According to the characteristics of the stenosis, patients underwent pneumatic dilatation or placement of a self-expandable metal stent or a lumen-apposed metal stent. Failure of endoscopic treatment was considered an indication for redo surgery, whereas patients with partial or complete response were followed up for 2 years. In the event of a recurrence, a different endoscopic approach was used.We found inflammatory strictures in 4.5% of patients, pure narrowing in 11%, and functional stenosis in 84.5%. Stenosis was in the upper tract of the stomach in 53 patients, whereas medium and distal stenosis was detected in 138 and 11 patients, respectively, and short stenosis in 194 patients. A total of 126 patients underwent pneumatic dilatation, 8 self-expandable metal stent placement, 64 lumen-apposed metal stent positioning, and 36 combined therapy. The overall rate of endoscopy success was 69%.GSS should be considered to be a chronic disease, and the endoscopic approach seems to be the most successful treatment, with a prolonged positive outcome of 69%. Characteristics of the stenosis should guide the most suitable endoscopic approach. (Surg Obes Relat Dis 2022;X:XXX-XXX.) © 2022 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. All rights reserved.

BACKGROUND: Revisional bariatric surgery (RBS) constitutes a possible solution for patients who experience an inadequate response following bariatric surgery or significant weight regain following an initial satisfactory response. This paper reports results from the first modified Delphi consensus-building exercise on RBS.METHODS: We created a committee of 22 recognised opinion-makers with a special interest in RBS. The committee invited 70 RBS experts from 27 countries to vote on 39 statements concerning RBS. An agreement amongst ≥ 70.0% experts was regarded as a consensus.RESULTS: Seventy experts from twenty-seven countries took part. There was a consensus that the decision for RBS should be individualised (100.0%) and multi-disciplinary (92.8%). Experts recommended a preoperative nutritional (95.7%) and psychological evaluation (85.7%), endoscopy (97.1%), and a contrast series (94.3%). Experts agreed that Roux-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) (94.3%), One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) (82.8%), and single anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) (71.4%) were acceptable RBS options after gastric banding (84.3%). OAGB (84.3%), bilio-pancreatic diversion/duodenal switch (BPD/DS) (81.4%), and SADI-S (88.5%) were agreed as consensus RBS options after sleeve gastrectomy. lengthening of bilio-pancreatic limb was the only consensus RBS option after RYGB (94.3%) and OAGB (72.8%).CONCLUSION: Experts achieved consensus on a number of aspects of RBS. Though expert opinion can only be regarded as low-quality evidence, the findings of this exercise should help improve the outcomes of RBS while we develop robust evidence to inform future practice.

One-anastomosis gastric bypass/mini-gastric bypass (OAGB/MGB) remains controversial because it may cause chronic biliary reflux (BR). The risk of developing esogastric cancer due to BR after OAGB/MGB is based on the results of experimental rat studies using esojejunostomy (EJ). The aim of this study was to analyze the potential long-term consequences of BR on the esogastric mucosae in OAGB/MGB-operated rats and to compare these results to those from the use of EJ. Wistar rats received OAGB/MGB (n = 16), EJ (n = 16), and sham (n = 8) operations. Mortality and weight changes were evaluated throughout the experiment. BR was measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Rats received follow-ups for 30 weeks. A double-blinded histological analysis was performed in the esogastric segments. BR was diagnosed in OAGB/MGB and EJ rats using the MRI technique; no BR occurred in the sham group. After a 30-week follow-up, no incidences of dysplasia or cancer were observed in the three groups. Additionally, esophageal intestinal metaplasia and mucosal ulcerations were observed in 41.7% and 50% of EJ rats, respectively, and no incidences of these conditions were observed in OAGB/MGB and sham rats. The incidence of esophagitis was significantly higher and more severe in the EJ group compared to those in the OAGB/MGB and sham groups (EJ = 100%, OAGB/MGB = 16.7%, sham = 8.3%; p

Resume Introduction La chirurgie metabolique est maintenant consideree comme une option therapeutique dans le diabete de type 2 (DT2). Cependant, peu de donnees sont disponibles concernant la gestion perioperatoire du DT2. Objectifs Evaluer les pratiques actuelles au sein des equipes bariatriques en matiere de gestion perioperatoire du DT2 afin de proposer des recommandations pratiques de prise en charge. Methodes Une methode Delphi a deux tours utilisant des enquetes en ligne a ete utilisee par les experts des equipes bariatriques (chirurgiens, diabetologues, anesthesistes, nutritionnistes) : premier tour, 63 questions portant sur 6 sujets (caracteristiques des experts/equipes, caracteristiques des patients, technique operatoire, gestion pre/postoperatoire, remission du diabete) ; deuxieme tour, 44 points a clarifier. Les resultats ont ete discutes au congres national des societes savantes correspondantes. Le consensus etait defini comme un accord superieur ou egal a 66 %. Resultats Au total, 170 experts ont participe. Les experts ont privilegie le bypass gastrique pour obtenir une remission (76,7 %). Un depistage de la retinopathie, une echographie cardiaque et une HbA1c Conclusion Les modifications postoperatoires rapides de la glycemie necessitent une surveillance etroite et un ajustement immediat des traitements antidiabetiques.

International audience; AbstractPurposeOne-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) may be associated with refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The nature of this GERD remains unclear. This complication can be treated either with an additional enteroenterostomy without shortening of gastric pouch (long biliopancreatic limb Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (L-BPL-RYGB)) or revision to conventional short biliopancreatic limb Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (S-BPL-RYGB). The objective of this study is to compare the aforementioned procedures in terms of efficacy on GERD symptoms.Materials and MethodsRetrospective analysis between October 2012 and June 2020.ResultsFifty-two patients underwent OAGB revision to S-BPL-RYGB (n = 21) or L-BPL-RYGB (n = 31) secondary to GERD. Investigation with pH impedance prior to revision was performed in 15 patients showing biliary reflux (BR) in 7 (46.6%), acid reflux (AR) in 6 (40%), and no confirmation in 2. Patients with AR had a revision to S-BPL-RYGB, whereas patients with BR underwent L-BPL-RYGB. Among the patients without pH metry results (n = 37), S-BPL-RYGB was performed for associated disabling digestive disorders or nutritional deficiencies. GERD was treated in 68% of patients with L-BPL-RYGB versus 95% of patients after S-BPL-RYGB. Patients, whose decision for revisional procedure was based on the results of pH impedance testing, did not reveal refractory GERD.ConclusionL-BPL-RYGB seems appropriate in patients with BR, whereas conversion to S-BPL-RYGB should be preferred if AR is present.

Background: It has been suggested that patients with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of > 60 kg/m2 should be offered expedited Bariatric Surgery (BS) during the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The main objective of this study was to assess the safety of this approach. Methods: We conducted a global study of patients who underwent BS between 1/05/2020 and 31/10/2020. Patients were divided into three groups according to their preoperative BMI - Group I (BMI60 kg/m2). The effect of preoperative BMI on 30-day morbidity and mortality, procedure choice, COVID-19 specific safety protocols, and comorbidities was assessed. Results: This study included 7084 patients (5197;73.4 % females). The mean preoperative weight and BMI were 119.49 ± 24.4 Kgs and 43.03 ± 6.9 Kg/m2, respectively. Group I included 6024 (85 %) patients, whereas Groups II and III included 905 (13 %) and 155 (2 %) patients, respectively. The 30-day mortality rate was higher in Group III (p = 0.001). The complication rate and COVID-19 infection were not different. Comorbidities were significantly more likely in Group III (p = 70 kg/m2 had a 30-day mortality of 7.7 % (2/26). None of these patients underwent a Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. Conclusion: The 30-day mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with BMI > 60 kg/m2. There was, however, no significant difference in complications rates in different BMI groups, probably due to differences in procedure selection.

Background Age ≥ 65 years is regarded as a relative contraindication for bariatric surgery. Advanced age is also a recognised risk factor for adverse outcomes with Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) which continues to wreak havoc on global populations. This study aimed to assess the safety of bariatric surgery (BS) in this particular age group during the COVID-19 pandemic in comparison with the younger cohort. Methods We conducted a prospective international study of patients who underwent BS between 1/05/2020 and 31/10/2020. Patients were divided into two groups — patients ≥ 65-years-old (Group I) and patients < 65-years-old (Group II). The two groups were compared for 30-day morbidity and mortality. Results There were 149 patients in Group 1 and 6923 patients in Group II. The mean age, preoperative weight, and BMI were 67.6 ± 2.5 years, 119.5 ± 24.5 kg, and 43 ± 7 in Group I and 39.8 ± 11.3 years, 117.7±20.4 kg, and 43.7 ± 7 in Group II, respectively. Approximately, 95% of patients in Group 1 had at least one co-morbidity compared to 68% of patients in Group 2 (p = < 0.001). The 30-day morbidity was significantly higher in Group I (11.4%) compared to Group II (6.6%) (p = 0.022). However, the 30-day mortality and COVID-19 infection rates were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions Bariatric surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with a higher complication rate in those ≥ 65 years of age compared to those < 65 years old. However, the mortality and postoperative COVID-19 infection rates are not significantly different between the two groups. Graphical abstract

One anastomosis/mini gastric bypass (OAGB/MGB) is up to date the third most performed obesity and metabolic procedure worldwide, which recently has been endorsed by ASMBS. The main criticisms are the risk of bile reflux, esophageal cancer, and malnutrition. Although IFSO has recognized this procedure, guidance is needed regarding selection criteria. To give clinicians a daily support in performing the right patient selection in OAGB/MGB, the aim of this paper is to generate clinical guidelines based on an expert modified Delphi consensus.A committee of 57 recognized bariatric surgeons from 24 countries created 69 statements. Modified Delphi consensus voting was performed in two rounds. An agreement/disagreement among ≥ 70.0% of the experts was considered to indicate a consensus.Consensus was achieved for 56 statements. Remarkably, ≥ 90.0% of the experts felt that OAGB/MGB is an acceptable and suitable option "in patients with Body mass index (BMI) 70, BMI 60, BMI 50 kg/mPatient selection in OAGB/MGB is still a point of discussion among experts. There was consensus that OAGB/MGB is a suitable option in elderly patients, patients with low BMI (30-35 kg/m

Patients with one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) can develop gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The nature of this GERD (acid or biliary) remains unclear.To assess the nature of GERD via impedance pH testing in patients presenting with reflux post OAGB.Retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database of 43 patients with OAGB backgrounds who developed postoperative GERD and were investigated with impedance pH monitoring between 2006 and 2019.Mean age was 52.48 ± 9 years. Mean body mass index (BMI) prior to OAGB was 46.82 kg/mAcid reflux seems to be as common as bile reflux in patients presenting with GERD after OAGB. In case of revisional surgery for severe GERD post OAGB, 24-h impedance pH monitoring could be essential to determine the surgical procedure of choice.

The International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO) issued a position statement on the role of one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) in the field of bariatric/metabolic surgery in 2018 De Luca et al. (Obes Surg. 28(5):1188-206, 2018). This position statement was issued by the IFSO OAGB task force and approved by the IFSO Scientific Committee and IFSO Executive Board. In 2018, the OAGB task force recognized the necessity to update the position statement in the following 2 years since additional high-quality data could emerge. The updated IFSO position statement on OAGB was issued also in response to inquiries to the IFSO by society members, universities, hospitals, physicians, insurances, patients, policy makers, and media. The IFSO position statement on OAGB has been reviewed within 2 years according to the availability of additional scientific evidence. The recommendation of the statement is derived from peer-reviewed scientific literature and available knowledge. The IFSO update position statement on OAGB will again be reviewed in 2 years provided additional high-quality studies emerge.

BACKGROUND Despite bariatric surgery showing significant weight loss trajectories for many patients, a substantial proportion regain weight after the first year following surgery. The addition of telemedicine to standard care could support patients with engaging in a more active lifestyle and thus improve clinical outcomes. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to evaluate a telemedicine intervention program dedicated to the promotion of physical activity including digital devices, teleconsultation, and telemonitoring the first 6 months following bariatric surgery. METHODS This study employed a mixed methods design based on an open-label randomized controlled trial. Patients were included during the first week after bariatric surgery; then, they were randomized into 2 intervention groups: The TelePhys group received a monthly telemedicine consultation focusing on physical activity coaching, while the TeleDiet group received a monthly telemedicine consultation involving diet coaching. Data were collected using a watch pedometer and body weight scale, both of which were connected wirelessly. The primary outcome was the difference between the 2 groups in the mean numbers of steps at the first and sixth postoperative months. Weight change was also evaluated, and focus groups and interviews were conducted to enrich the results and capture perceptions of the telemedicine provided. RESULTS Among the 90 patients (mean age 40.6, SD 10.4 years; 73/90, 81% women; 62/90, 69% gastric bypass), 70 completed the study until the sixth month (n=38 TelePhys; n=32 TeleDiet), and 18 participants agreed to be interviewed (n=8 Telephys; n=10 TeleDiet). An increase in the mean number of steps between the first and sixth months was found in both groups, but this change was significant only in the TeleDiet group (P=.01). No difference was found when comparing both intervention groups. Interviewed participants reported having appreciated the teleconsultations, as the individualized tailored counseling helped them to make better choices about behaviors that could increase their likelihood of a daily life in better health. Weight loss followed by social factors (such as social support) were identified as the main facilitators to physical activity. Family responsibilities, professional constraints as well as poor urban policies promoting physical activity, and lack of accessibility to sport infrastructure were their major barriers to postoperative lifestyle adherence. CONCLUSIONS Our study did not show any difference in mobility recovery after bariatric surgery related to a telemedicine intervention dedicated to physical activity. The early postoperative timing for our intervention may explain the null findings. eHealth interventions aiming to change behaviors and carried out by clinicians require support from structured public health policies that tackle patients’ obesogenic environment in order to be efficient in their struggle against sedentary lifestyle–related pathologies. Further research will need to focus on long-term interventions. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02716480, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02716480

Background Endoscopy plays a pivotal role in the management of adverse events (AE) following bariatric surgery. Leaks, fistulae, and post-operative collection after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) may occur in up to 10% of cases. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic internal drainage (EID) for the management of leak, fistula, and collection following SG. Setting Retrospective, observational, single center study on patients referred from several bariatric surgery departments to an endoscopic referral center. Methods EID was used as first-line treatment for the management of leaks, fistulae, and collections. Leaks and fistulae were treated with double pigtail stent (DPS) deployment in order to guarantee internal drainage and second intention cavity obliteration. Collections were treated with endoscropic ultrasound (EUS)–guided deployment of DPS or lumen apposing metal stents. Results A total of 617 patients (83.3% female; mean age, 43.1 yr) were enrolled in the study for leak (n = 300, 48.6%), fistula (n = 285, 46.2%), and collection (n = 32, 5.2%). Median follow-up was 19.5 months. Overall clinical success was 84.7% whereas 15.3% of cases required revisional surgery after EID failure. Clinical success according to type of AE was 89.5%, 78.5%, and 90% for leak, fistula, and collection, respectively. A total of 10 of 547 (1.8%) presented a recurrence during follow-up. A total of 28 (4.5%) AE related to the endoscopic treatment occurred. At univariate logistic regression predictors of failure were: fistula (OR 2.012), combined endoscopic approach (OR 2.319), need for emergency surgery (OR 1.755), and previous endoscopic treatment (OR 4.818). Conclusion Early EID for the management of leak, fistula, and post-operative collection after SG seems a safe and effective first-line approach with good long-term results.

Background: The use of telemedicine may improve mobility recovery in patients with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. Our aim was to evaluate a telemedicine intervention program dedicated to the promotion of physical activity including teleconsultation and telemonitoring on patients’ number of steps in the six first months following bariatric surgery. Methods: This study was an open label randomized controlled trial. Patients were included during the first week after bariatric surgery. Patients were randomized in two groups of telemedicine intervention: (i) physical coaching focusing on mobility (=TelePhys group) or (ii) dietary coaching (=TeleDiet group). The primary outcome was the difference in the delta number of steps measured during a period of 14 days at the first and sixth postoperative months between the TelePhys and the TeleDiet groups. Data were collected using the connected wireless watch pedometer. Body weight evolution and health-related quality of life were also evaluated. An additional qualitative approach was conducted to evaluate patients’ perception of the connected devices used in the trial.Results: Ninety patients with mean age (SD) 40.6 years (±10.3) were included. Seventy-three patients were females (81.1%) and 62 had gastric bypass (69%). The two intervention groups were comparable at inclusion except for the number of steps significantly higher in the TelePhys group (1073.102 ± 471.102 versus 839.102 ± 437.102, p=0.045). An increase of the mean number of steps between the first and the sixth month was found in both groups but this delta was significant only in the TeleDiet group (p=0.010). No difference was found when comparing the delta between the two intervention groups. A significant increase in quality of life was observed in both groups without any significant differences between the two interventions. Conclusions: Our study was not able to show a significant superiority of a telemedicine intervention dedicated to physical activity in mobility recovery after bariatric surgery. The early postoperative time frame for our intervention may explain the null findings. Further research will need to focus on long-term interventions.Trial registration: This study was registered the 23th of March 2016 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02716480).

Resume Face a l’emergence de la pandemie a COVID 19, l’activite de chirurgie bariatrique/metabolique a ete arretee. Le confinement et l’arret de cette chirurgie ont eu un impact sous-estime sur la population obese avec prise de poids, et aggravation des comorbidites. Un certain nombre de candidats a cette chirurgie sont exposes a un risque important de mortalite liee a la pandemie. En effet, l’obesite et le diabete sont deux facteurs de risque majeurs de forme grave d’infection a COVID-19. Le seul traitement efficace actuel de l’obesite est la chirurgie metabolique avec un benefice rapide et durable. Il parait donc necessaire de reprendre une activite de chirurgie metabolique. Le but de ce travail est de hierarchiser la reprise chirurgicale afin qu’elle soit progressive et coherente. Les organigrammes proposes aideront les centres a determiner les patients prioritaires selon la balance benefice-risque. Le diabete a une place centrale dans l’arbre decisionnel. Les modalites de reprise seront variables d’un centre a l’autre selon les ressources humaines, materielles et medicamenteuses, et seront a adapter a l’evolution epidemique. Un consentement eclaire specifique sera necessaire. Un depistage chez les patients obeses est a envisager dont les modalites de depistage sont elaborees sur la base des connaissances disponibles. En cas de suspicion de COVID, la chirurgie doit etre differee. Il faut insister sur les mesures et gestes barrieres afin de proteger le patient et le personnel soignant. Un confinement est fortement suggere pour le patient durant le premier mois postoperatoire. Le suivi des patients sera effectue de preference par teleconsultation.

Summary Background Plasma citrulline is currently used in clinical practice as a marker of small bowel functional mass. Behaviour of plasma citrulline after bariatric surgery and its link with post-operative outcome are still poorly understood. Objective Primary objective was to compare plasma citrulline 12 months after two types of bariatric surgery with pre-operative concentrations. Secondary objectives were to search for correlation between plasma citrulline variation and body weight and fat mass loss. Design This is an ancillary study of the BARIASPERM study. Forty-six adult men (mean age 38.9 ± 7.9 years) who underwent gastric bypass (GB, n = 20) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG, n = 26) were included in this prospective study. Plasma citrulline was measured at baseline, 6 months and 12 months after surgery, as well as total body weight and fat mass measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Results Plasma citrulline increased significantly 12 months after surgery, both after gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy (respectively 30.2% [18.3–42.2] and 17.8% [5.8–29.7]). The increase was significantly higher after GB than after SG (p = 0.02) while total body weight and fat mass loss were not significantly different between GB and SG. The increase in plasma citrulline levels tended to be positively correlated with both weight and fat mass loss however the association did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.07 and p = 0.06 respectively). Conclusion These results confirm the increase in plasma citrulline after GB published in two previous small studies. Citrulline also significantly increased after SG, and in spite of similar weight loss obtained with both surgery types, citrulline increase was higher after GB than SG. This suggests different modifications of intestinal functional mass after these two different techniques.

The most dreadful complication after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is staple line leak. Its rate varies between 1 and 2%. With the development of interventional endoscopy, its treatment is currently fairly standardized and allows healing in the majority of cases without revisional surgery. However, if endoscopic treatment fails, surgical treatment becomes unavoidable. Fistulojejunostomy is a surgical option in the management of chronic fistula after SG. Laparoscopic fistulojejunostomy in a patient with chronic fistula after SG is difficult but feasible. This procedure allows complete healing and nutritional recovery in the case of failure of other endoscopic modalities.

Although bariatric surgery is proven to sustain weight loss in morbidly obese patients, long-term adverse effects have yet to be fully characterized. This study compared the long-term consequences of two common forms of bariatric surgery: one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) in a preclinical rat model. We evaluated the influence of biliopancreatic limb (BPL) length, malabsorption, and bile acid (BA) reflux on esogastric mucosa. After 30 weeks of follow-up, Wistar rats operated on RYGB, OAGB with a short BPL (15 cm, OAGB-15), or a long BPL (35 cm, OAGB-35), and unoperated rats exhibit no cases of esogastric cancer, metaplasia, dysplasia, or Barrett’s esophagus. Compared to RYGB, OAGB-35 rats presented higher rate of esophagitis, fundic gastritis and perianastomotic foveolar hyperplasia. OAGB-35 rats also revealed the greatest weight loss and malabsorption. On the contrary, BA concentrations were the highest in the residual gastric pouch of OAGB-15 rats. Yet, no association could be established between the esogastric lesions and malabsorption, weight loss, or gastric bile acid concentrations. In conclusion, RYGB results in a better long-term outcome than OAGB, as chronic signs of biliary reflux or reactional gastritis were reported post-OAGB even after reducing the BPL length in a preclinical rat model.

In some cases, in addition to the usual difficulties that the bariatric surgeon may encounter during standard bariatric procedures, anatomical anomalies such as situs inversus can pose an additional technical challenge. A 58-year-old patient with total situs inversus underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery in our department. The main difficulty was the realization of a mirrored RYGB. Laparoscopic RYGB in a patient with situs inversus totalis is feasible but requires significant concentration and three-dimensional coordination to perform the mirrored procedure.

Objective To assess the feasibility of 3D modelisation of fetal anatomy by using the Computer-assisted anatomic dissection (CAAD) based on immunolabeled histologic slices and MRI slices with a specific 3D software. Study design For pelvis and lower limbs, subjects came from legal abortion, medical pregnancy termination, or late miscarriage. Specimens were fixed in 10 % formalin, then embedded in paraffin wax and serially sectioned. The histological slices were stained using HES and Masson Trichrome. Protein S-100 and D2−40 markers were used for immuno-labelling. Serial transverse sections were digitalized and manually aligned. Fetal brain slices were obtained from in utero or post-mortem MRI. Results CAAD was performed on 10 fetuses: pelvis was modelised with 3 fetuses of 13, 15 and 24 W G, lower limbs with 2 fetuses of 14 and 15 W G and brain with 5 fetuses aged between 19 and 37 W G. Fetal pelvis innervation was analysed after immunolabelling and nerves appeared proportionally bigger than in adults with the same topography. Lower limbs analysis revealed that nerve development was guided by vascular development: the sciatic nerve along the big axial vein, the saphen nerve along the big saphen vein and the sural nerve along the small saphen vein. Fetal brain study allowed to describe the gyration process and the lateral ventricle development. Conclusion CAAD technique provides an accurate 3D reconstruction of fetal anatomy for lower limbs and pelvis but has to be improved for brain model since midline structures were not amendable for analysis. These results need to be confirmed with larger series of specimens at different stages of development.

One-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB-MGB) is currently the third performed primary bariatric surgical procedure worldwide. However, the procedure is hampered by numerous controversies and there is considerable variability in surgical technique, patient selection, and pre- and postoperative care among the surgeons performing this procedure. This paper reports the results of a modified Delphi consensus study organized by the International Federation for Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO).Fifty-two internationally recognized bariatric experts from 28 countries convened for voting on 90 consensus statements over two rounds to identify those on which consensus could be reached. Inter-voter agreement of ≥ 70% was considered consensus, with voting participation ≥ 80% considered a robust vote.At least 70% consensus was achieved for 65 of the 90 questions (72.2% of the items), 61 during the first round of voting and an additional four in the second round. Where consensus was reached on a binary agree/disagree or yes/no item, there was agreement with the statement presented in 53 of 56 instances (94.6%). Where consensus was reached on a statement where options favorable versus unfavorable to OAGB-MGB were provided, including statements in which OAGB-MGB was compared to another procedure, the response option favorable to OAGB-MGB was selected in 13 of 23 instances (56.5%).Although there is general agreement that the OAGB-MGB is an effective and usually safe option for the management of patients with obesity or severe obesity, numerous areas of non-consensus remain in its use. Further empirical data are needed.

International audience; Background: Metabolic surgery is now considered as a therapeutic option in type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, few data are available regarding perioperative management of T2D.Objectives: To assess current practice among bariatric teams regarding perioperative management of T2D in order to propose guidelines.Methods: A two-round Delphi method using online surveys was employed among bariatric teams experts (surgeons, diabetologists, anesthetists, nutritionists): first round, 63 questions covering 6 topics (characteristics of experts/teams, characteristics of patients, operative technique, pre/postoperative management, diabetes remission); second round, 44 items needing clarification. They were discussed within national congress of corresponding learned societies. Consensus was defined as ≥66% agreement.Results: A total of 170 experts participated. Experts favored gastric bypass to achieve remission (76.7%). Screening for retinopathy, cardiac ultrasound, and reaching an HbA1c

There is a lack of recommendation regarding exploration and treatment of chronic diarrhea following gastric bypass, while it is a common side effect of this surgery. The electronic databases MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched until July 2018. Of the 553 articles identified, 35 articles were included. Intestinal bacterial overgrowth and pancreatic exocrine insufficiency are the main etiologies of diarrhea following gastric bypass. The diagnostic approach must begin by eliminating infectious causes of diarrhea. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency can be diagnosed with fecal fat quantification or fecal elastase 1 level evaluation. A positive lactulose breath test confirms suspicion of small intestine bacterial overgrowth. In conclusion, we propose sequential exploration and treatment of the possible etiologies of diarrhea depending on clinical symptoms.

Post-laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) fistula is a major complication, responsible for high morbidity. Endoscopic treatment represents an alternative to surgical management, with variable approaches and success rates. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic treatment in a tertiary care center. Between March 2010 and March 2015, all patients referred to our center for endoscopic treatment of fistula related to laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy were included. The primary endpoint was defined as a complete closure of the fistula without recurrence within the 2 months. A total of 26 patients were retrospectively included (73% female). The mean time between fistula diagnosis and first endoscopy was 27.4 days (± 22). Twenty-three (88.4%) patients had a complete fistula closure after endoscopic treatment. The healing delay was 76.4 days (± 42.8), and an average of 3.5 (± 1.4) endoscopic procedures were required. Clinical efficacy was 100% when the endoscopic treatment was performed within the first 3 weeks, or 70% afterwards (p = 0.046). The fistula closure rate was similar between patients with endoscopic drainage (with or without other endoscopic techniques) and patient with closing techniques alone (85.7% vs. 89.5%, respectively). Endoscopic treatment of fistula after LSG is efficient but requires early procedures within the first 3 weeks. Endoscopic strategies involving closing procedure or drainage procedure seem to be similar, but these data must be confirmed in large prospective clinical studies.

BACKGROUND: An increasing number of surgeons worldwide are now performing one anastomosis/mini gastric bypass (OAGB/MGB). Lack of a published consensus amongst experts may be hindering progress and affecting outcomes. This paper reports results from the first modified Delphi consensus building exercise on this procedure. METHODS: A committee of 16 recognised opinion-makers in bariatric surgery with special interest in OAGB/MGB was constituted. The committee invited 101 OAGB/MGB experts from 39 countries to vote on 55 statements in areas of controversy or variation associated with this procedure. An agreement amongst ≥ 70.0% of the experts was considered to indicate a consensus. RESULTS: A consensus was achieved for 48 of the 55 proposed statements after two rounds of voting. There was no consensus for seven statements. Remarkably, 100.0% of the experts felt that OAGB/MGB was an "acceptable mainstream surgical option" and 96.0% felt that it could no longer be regarded as a new or experimental procedure. Approximately 96.0 and 91.0% of the experts felt that OAGB/MGB did not increase the risk of gastric and oesophageal cancers, respectively. Approximately 94.0% of the experts felt that the construction of the gastric pouch should start in the horizontal portion of the lesser curvature. There was a consensus of 82, 84, and 85% for routinely supplementing iron, vitamin B12, and vitamin D, respectively. CONCLUSION: OAGB/MGB experts achieved consensus on a number of aspects concerning this procedure but several areas of disagreements persist emphasising the need for more studies in the future.

RESUME Le nombre de patients ayant beneficie, en France, d’une intervention de chirurgie bariatrique a ete multiplie par trois entre 2006 et 2014. Cet engouement ne doit pas faire oublier que plus de la moitie de ces patients sont perdus de vue, malgre le risque de graves complications post-operatoires et de sequelles souvent sous-estimees. L’Academie nationale de medecine propose une demarche pragmatique et des pistes concretes de solution. Le suivi de ces patients ne pourra etre assure sans augmenter le nombre de professionnels de sante impliques dans leur parcours de soins. Les medecins generalistes, du fait de leur nombre, leur repartition sur le territoire, et leur proximite des patients, pourraient-ils participer a ce suivi ? Sous quelles conditions peut-on valider cette hypothese ? Qu’en pensent les autres professionnels de sante, notamment les chirurgiens bariatriques, et les patients eux-memes ? Pour repondre a ces questions, un sondage national a ete effectue aupres d’un echantillon de chirurgiens, de patients deja operes et de medecins generalistes pour evaluer comment l’integration de ces derniers dans le parcours de soins pourrait ameliorer le suivi de ces patients. Au vu des resultats, il apparait que le medecin generaliste est effectivement le mieux a meme de pallier l’insuffisance de suivi de ces patients, a condition d’etre forme et investi au sein d’un parcours de soins mieux coordonne sur la base de relations interprofessionnelles de qualite. Les societes savantes, reunies sous l’egide de l’Academie, alertent sur l’absence de recul pour evaluer cette chirurgie. Elles s’engagent a mettre en œuvre une procedure collective pour mobiliser les medecins generalistes et lancer une experimentation afin de valider les nouvelles recommandations qu’elles formulent a l’intention des autorites sanitaires.

Controversy remains regarding biliary reflux after one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB). The aim of this “pilot” study was to analyze biliary reflux and its potential long-term consequences on esogastric mucosae in OAGB-operated rats. Diet-induced obese rats were subjected to OAGB (n = 10) or sham (n = 4) surgery and followed up for 16 weeks. Evolution of weight and glucose tolerance was analyzed. Bile acid concentration measurement, histological and qRT-PCR analysis were performed in the esogastric segments. Weight loss and glucose tolerance were improved after OAGB. Mean bile acid concentration was 4.2 times higher in the esogastric segments of OAGB rats (compared to sham). A foveolar hyperplasia of the gastro-jejunal anastomosis and an eosinophilic polynuclear cell infiltration were observed in OAGB rats. An esophageal hyper-papillomatosis was observed in both groups (OAGB = 50%, sham = 50%). qRT-PCR analysis showed no differences between OAGB and sham mRNA levels of Barrett’s esophagus or esogastric carcinogenic-specific genes. No intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, or cancer were observed after a 16-week follow-up. After a 16-week follow-up, this pilot study confirmed the good reproducibility of our OAGB rat model. OAGB rats had not developed any pre-cancerous or cancerous lesions. Further experimental studies with longer term follow-up are required.

Background Surgery appears to be the best treatment option for a chronic fistula after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Conservative procedures (conversion into a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, Roux-limb placement) have proven their feasibility and efficacy, but an open total gastrectomy (TG) is sometimes required in challenging situations. Objectives To assess outcomes from 12 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for a post–sleeve gastrectomy chronic fistula (PSGCF) between January 2004 and February 2012. Setting University public hospital, France. Methods Patients with a PSGCF who underwent surgery were included in this retrospective study. Mortality, morbidity (i.e., Clavien–Dindo score), weight loss, and nutritional status were assessed. Results Twelve of 57 patients (21%) with a post-LSG leak developed a PSGCF. There were 3 men (25%). Mean age was 39±9 years and mean preoperative body mass index was 35±5 kg/m2. All 12 patients underwent an open total gastrectomy with an esojejunostomy (TG). Conservative procedures were considered but not possible. The mean follow-up period was 38±11 months. The mean delay between LSG and TG was 12±6 months. Intraoperative discovery of multiple (>2) gastric fistulas was reported in 9 patients (75%). There were no deaths, but morbidity rate was 50%. Early postoperative fistula occurred in 3 patients (anastomosis n = 1, duodenal stump n = 2). None of these patients required further surgery. The median healing time of the fistula was 37 days (range 24–53). Promising results from weight loss and nutritional status were found at the end of the follow-up. Conclusion A salvage open TG is a well-tolerated and reproducible salvage procedure for cases of a PSGCF, when conservative procedures are not possible.

Objectifs L’efficacite de la chirurgie aortique endovasculaire reside dans la precision de l’imagerie peroperatoire. A partir d’un angioscanner, la fusion d’images permet un reperage peroperatoire de la morphologie aortique sous fluoroscopie sans necessiter l’injection de produit de contraste. Cependant, la morphologie de l’aorte abdominale est modifiee lors de la chirurgie endovasculaire par l’introduction de materiel rigide dans sa lumiere. Le but de cette etude est de quantifier les deformations aortiques lors de l’exclusion endovasculaire des anevrismes et d’etablir une correlation avec la morphologie aortique. Methodes L’imagerie par fluoroscopie peroperatoire de patients ayant beneficies d’une exclusion d’un anevrisme de l’aorte abdominale par endoprothese ont ete revus retrospectivement par trois operateurs independants. La morphologie aorto-iliaque (diametres, longueurs, angulations, tortuosite, calcifications, presence de thrombus) a ete etudiee pour chaque patient. Les differences entre l’image de l’aorte preoperatoire et de l’aorte « deformee » peroperatoire » ont ete mesurees. Ces differences ont ete quantifiees en separant la part « rigide » (translationnelle) de la part « non-rigide » (distorsion) de la deformation totale de l’aorte durant l’intervention. Resultats Les angioscanners preoperatoires et l’imagerie par fluoroscopie avec fusion de 41 patients (40 hommes, âge moyen 74 ans ± 9, indice de masse corporelle moyen 27,7 kg/m2) ayant beneficie d’une exclusion d’un anevrisme de l’aorte abdominale par endoprothese ont ete etudies. La deformation totale, non-rigide et rigide etaient de 4,82 mm (±1,98) ; 2,10 (±1,02) et 4,42 (±1,84) respectivement. Les longueurs des arteres iliaques droite et gauche etaient correlees significativement avec le niveau de deformation total (a droite 0,468, p = 0,002 ; a gauche 0,395, p = 0,011), non-rigide (a droite 0,384, p = 0,013 ; a gauche 0,330, p = 0,035) et rigide (a droite 0,464, p = 0,002 ; a gauche 0,391, p = 0,011). Conclusion La morphologie de l’aorte influence sa deformation. La quantification de la deformation non-rigide est indispensable pour comprendre et anticiper ces deformations.

Introduction La prise en charge moderne de l’ischemie mesenterique d’origine athero-thrombotique (IMA) s’inscrit dans une strategie de sauvetage intestinal et repose essentiellement sur la revascularisation endovasculaire par stent de l’artere mesenterique superieure (AMS). Cette pathologie rare impose au chirurgien vasculaire la maitrise de l’anatomie chirurgicale, mais aussi de plus en plus celle de l’anatomie endovasculaire de l’AMS. L’objectif de cette etude etait de decrire l’anatomie endovasculaire de l’AMS dans la maladie occlusive de facon a definir des criteres morphologiques pertinents pour le catheterisme et le choix des implants endovasculaires. Methodes Dix-neuf patients consecutifs pris en charge pour IMA dans un centre expert et traites par stent de l’AMS ont ete inclus. A partir des angio-scanners preoperatoires, une cartographie anatomique 2D a ete realisee au moyen du logiciel Endosize, avec reconstruction arterielle par ligne centrale. Resultats La longueur mediane de l’AMS de l’ostium a la naissance du tronc ileo-caeco-appendiculaire (ICA) etait 66 mm (61–69). La longueur mediane de l’ostium a la 1re collaterale etait 37 mm (35–42). Le diametre ostial median etait 6,8 mm (6,8–7,8). L’angulation horaire moyenne de l’origine AMS etait de 9,9° ± 10,5°. Le nombre median de collaterales millimetriques entre l’ostium et l’ICA etait 6 (4–7). L’angle aorte-AMS moyen etait de 32° ± 12°. L’AMS naissait en regard du 1/3 inferieur du corps de L1 dans 85 % des cas. Aucune difference significative n’etait observee en fonction de l’âge, du sexe, de l’IMC et du nombre de facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire. Conclusion La morphologie endovasculaire de l’AMS est relativement constante dans la population specifique des patients ayant une IMA. Une connaissance precise de la morphometrie endovasculaire de l’AMS permettra de guider le catheterisme, la voie d’abord et le choix de l’endoprothese la plus adaptee.

During right-sided colectomies, surgeons encounter major anatomical variations at the level of the right colon, leading to morbidity. Due to the confusion surrounding the colonic arterial vessels emerging from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) to vascularize the right part of the colon, this review aimed to describe the arterial vessels found in the mesocolic structures of the ascending colon, the hepatic flexure and the right transverse colon. A review of the literature was performed using the MEDLINE database. Only human studies were included. All dissection, angiographic, arterial cast and corrosion studies were analyzed. This review demonstrates that the right colon, the hepatic flexure and the right transverse colon are vascularized by three significant arteries emerging from the SMA and forming one peripheral paracolic arc: (1) the ileocolic artery (ICA), the most constant vessel (99.8%) with low variability; (2) the right colic artery (RCA), the most inconstant vessel (2/3 of cases) with high variability in its origin; and (3) the middle colic artery (MCA), a constant vessel (95%) with variation in its origin and its number. The marginal artery is almost constant (100%) and represents the only peripheral arterial arc at the level of the right side of the colon. Three arteries emerging from the superior mesenteric artery exist: the ICA, the RCA and the MCA. The ICA and the MCA are the most constant. Knowledge of this vascular anatomy is essential for performing right-sided colectomies.

Gastric fistula is a severe complication following sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Chronic gastric fistula can progress to complex anatomical situations, such as esogastro-bronchial and/or esogastro-pleural (EGBP) fistulas. We decided to analyze the anatomical characteristics of these EGBP fistulas after SG. Our work consisted of an analysis of the clinical, endoscopic, and radiological data of patients treated for EGBP fistulas after SG at the Georges Pompidou European Hospital from May 2009 to November 2017. A total of 11 patients were retrospectively included with available complete clinical, endoscopic, and radiological data. The origin of the fistula was mostly at the top of the staple line. The fistula’s termination was pleural in 5 patients (45%) and bronchial in 6 (55%). In bronchial fistulas, 2 were proximal and 4 were distal, with the left pulmonary posterolateral segment (S10) being reached in each case. The trans-diaphragmatic passage was through the left cupola in 9 out of 11 patients (82%). In 2 patients, the passage was trans-hiatal (18%). Interestingly, the 2 eso-bronchial fistulas had a trans-hiatal passage with a termination in the proximal bronchus, while the 4 gastro-bronchial fistulas had a trans-diaphragmatic passage with a termination in the distal bronchus. All pleural fistulas were gastric with a trans-diaphragmatic passage. Esogastro-bronchial and gastro-pleural fistulas after SG originated mostly at the top of the staple line. Eso-bronchial fistulas had a trans-hiatal passage with a proximal bronchial termination, while gastro-bronchial fistulas had a trans-diaphragmatic passage with a distal bronchial termination.

One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) was suggested as an option in the management of weight loss failure after sleeve gastrectomy (SG). In parallel, the length of the biliopancreatic limb (BPL) is currently debated. To evaluate morbidity and efficiency of the conversion of SG to OAGB using two lengths of BPL (150 cm versus 200 cm). Retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database on 72 patients operated on between 2007 and 2017: (200-cm BPL before 2014 versus 150-cm BPL since 2014). At revision, the mean body mass index (BMI) was 43.6 ± 7 kg/m2. Sixteen patients (20%) had type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 23 (29%) had obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Early morbidity rate was 4.2% (n = 3). Mean BMI were 33.7 ± 6 and 34.8 ± 9 at 2 and 5 years, respectively. At 5 years, the rate of lost of follow-up was 34%. T2D and OSA improved in 80% (n = 12) and 70% (n = 16) of the patients, respectively. At revision, the mean BMI were 46 ± 8 kg/m2 and 41 ± 6 kg/m2 for patients with 200-cm BPL (n = 38) and 150-cm BPL (n = 34), respectively. Two years after conversion, the mean BMI were 34 ± 1 kg/m2 for 200-cm BPL and 32 ± 7 kg/m2 for 150-cm BPL. The rate of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and diarrhea was 13% and 5% in patients with 200-cm BPL versus 3% and 0% in patients with 150-cm BPL. This study shows that the conversion of SG to OAGB is feasible and safe allowing significant weight loss and improvement in comorbidities. Weight loss seems comparable between the 150-cm and 200-cm BPL.

ObjectivesDecreased gut microbial gene richness (MGR) and compositional changes are associated with adverse metabolism in overweight or moderate obesity, but lack characterisation in severe obesity. Bariatric surgery (BS) improves metabolism and inflammation in severe obesity and is associated with gut microbiota modifications. Here, we characterised severe obesity-associated dysbiosis (ie, MGR, microbiota composition and functional characteristics) and assessed whether BS would rescue these changes.DesignSixty-one severely obese subjects, candidates for adjustable gastric banding (AGB, n=20) or Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass (RYGB, n=41), were enrolled. Twenty-four subjects were followed at 1, 3 and 12 months post-BS. Gut microbiota and serum metabolome were analysed using shotgun metagenomics and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Confirmation groups were included.ResultsLow gene richness (LGC) was present in 75% of patients and correlated with increased trunk-fat mass and comorbidities (type 2 diabetes, hypertension and severity). Seventy-eight metagenomic species were altered with LGC, among which 50% were associated with adverse body composition and metabolic phenotypes. Nine serum metabolites (includingglutarate,3-methoxyphenylacetic acidandL-histidine) and functional modules containing protein families involved in their metabolism were strongly associated with low MGR. BS increased MGR 1 year postsurgery, but most RYGB patients remained with low MGR 1 year post-BS, despite greater metabolic improvement than AGB patients.ConclusionsWe identified major gut microbiota alterations in severe obesity, which include decreased MGR and related functional pathways linked with metabolic deteriorations. The lack of full rescue post-BS calls for additional strategies to improve the gut microbiota ecosystem and microbiome–host interactions in severe obesity.Trial registration numberNCT01454232.

International audience; BACKGROUND: One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is increasingly used in the treatment of morbid obesity. However, the efficacy and safety outcomes of this procedure remain debated. We report the results of a randomised trial (YOMEGA) comparing the outcomes of OAGB versus standard Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). METHODS: This prospective, multicentre, randomised non-inferiority trial, was held in nine obesity centres in France. Patients were eligible for inclusion if their body-mass index (BMI) was 40 kg/m(2) or higher, or 35 kg/m(2) or higher with the presence of at least one comorbidity (type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, obstructive sleep apnoea, dyslipidaemia, or arthritis), and were aged 18-65 years. Key exclusion criteria were a history of oesophagitis, Barrett's oesophagus, severe gastro-oesophageal reflux disease resistant to proton-pump inhibitors, and previous bariatric surgery. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to OAGB or RYGB, stratified by centre with blocks of variable size; the study was open-label, with no masking required. RYGB consisted of a 150 cm alimentary limb and a 50 cm biliary limb and OAGB of a single gastrojejunal anastomosis with a 200 cm biliopancreatic limb. The primary endpoint was percentage excess BMI loss at 2 years. The primary endpoint was assessed in the per-protocol population and safety was assessed in all randomised participants. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02139813, and is now completed. FINDINGS: From May 13, 2014, to March 2, 2016, of 261 patients screened for eligibility, 253 (97%) were randomly assigned to OAGB (n=129) or RYGB (n=124). Five patients did not undergo their assigned surgery, and after undergoing their surgery 14 were excluded from the per-protocol analysis (seven due to pregnancy, two deaths, one withdrawal, and four revisions from OAGB to RYGB) In the per-protocol population (n=117 OAGB, n=117 RYGB), mean age was 43.5 years (SD 10.8), mean BMI was 43.9 kg/m(2) (SD 5.6), 176 (75%) of 234 participants were female, and 58 (27%) of 211 with available data had type 2 diabetes. After 2 years, mean percentage excess BMI loss was -87.9% (SD 23.6) in the OAGB group and -85.8% (SD 23.1) in the RYGB group, confirming non-inferiority of OAGB (mean difference -3.3%, 95% CI -9.1 to 2.6). 66 serious adverse events associated with surgery were reported (24 in the RYGB group vs 42 in the OAGB group; p=0.042), of which nine (21.4%) in the OAGB group were nutritional complications versus none in the RYGB group (p=0.0034). INTERPRETATION: OAGB is not inferior to RYGB regarding weight loss and metabolic improvement at 2 years. Higher incidences of diarrhoea, steatorrhoea, and nutritional adverse events were observed with a 200 cm biliopancreatic limb OAGB, suggesting a malabsorptive effect. FUNDING: French Ministry of Health.

The gut bacterial species Akkermansia muciniphila is associated with a healthier clinical profile. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between A. muciniphila and glucose homeostasis in patients undergoing bariatric surgery (BS): gastric banding (GB) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). This nonrandomized prospective study included 65 women with severe obesity. Longitudinal analysis included subjects for whom A. muciniphila data were available at follow-up [1, 3, and 12 mo; GB ( n = 10) or RYGB ( n = 11)]. Glucose homeostasis markers were measured under fasting conditions (glucose, insulin, and HbA1c) or during an oral glucose tolerance test. Fecal microbiota was analyzed using shotgun metagenomics, and A. muciniphila relative abundance was assessed with 16S rRNA quantitative PCR. A. muciniphila relative abundance was significantly lower in severe obesity [mean body mass index, 45.7 kg/m2 (SD 5.4)] than in moderate obesity [33.2 kg/m2 (SD 3.8)] but not associated with glucose homeostasis markers. A significant increase in A. muciniphila relative abundance after RYGB was not correlated with metabolic improvement. Baseline A. muciniphila abundance was correlated with bacterial gene richness and was highest in the high-richness Ruminococcaceae enterotype. A. muciniphila increased in relative abundance after BS in patients with low baseline A. muciniphila abundance, especially those with a Bacteroides type 2 enterotype classification. Although decreased in severe obesity, relative abundance of A. muciniphila was not associated with glucose homeostasis before or after BS. A certain level of A. muciniphila abundance might be required to observe a beneficial link to health. The severity of obesity and gut dysbiosis may partly explain the discrepancy with previous findings in less obese populations.