Search

AimsStudies examining the use of specific emotion regulation (ER) strategies in patients with severe alcohol use disorder (AUD) are mainly focused on intergroup comparisons to the detriment of intragroup variability. Yet, these patients are in fact characterized by emotional deficits of varying severity, and we seek to identify different patterns of ER strategies in people with AUD during their first year of abstinence.MethodsBased on the ER strategies used by a large sample of patients with AUD, we applied cluster analysis to identify the existence of subgroups using distinct patterns of adaptive and nonadaptive strategies. To characterize these groups, we compared their clinical characteristics and then their emotional regulation strategies to those of control consumers.ResultsA first cluster, representing 61% of the sample, is constituted by individuals with high adaptive strategy scores and high nonadaptive strategy scores; a second cluster, representing 39% of the sample, corresponds to individuals with low adaptive strategy scores and high nonadaptive strategy scores. The individuals in these two clusters differed in terms of anxiety level and abstinence time. Compared with control consumers, the use of nonadaptive ER strategies remained lower for the two clusters, while the use of adaptative strategies differed.ConclusionsOur results support the idea of considering the heterogeneity of emotional capacities in individuals with AUD during the first year of abstinence. The identification of these profiles suggests either the existence of different adaptive ER capacities at baseline or a specific recovery of adaptive strategies over this period.

International audience; ObjectivesChildhood trauma (physical, emotional, sexual abuse and/or physical and emotional neglect) represents a specific risk for developmental perturbations and long-term negative outcomes. Adolescents and young adults with childhood trauma have rarely experienced a single type of traumatic event but rather multiple traumatic experiences. However, studies on adolescent PTSD are sparse. This study examines the possible mediating role of mentalizing, cognitive and interpersonal emotion regulation strategies between multiple types of childhood trauma exposure and PTSD in adolescents and young adults.MethodsThe sample consisted of 456 adolescents and young adults aged 15 and 25, recruited from four high schools and one university. Participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing childhood trauma, mentalizing, cognitive and interpersonal strategies of emotion regulation and PTSD.ResultsStructural Equation Modeling revealed that multiple types of childhood trauma exposure have a significant indirect effect on PTSD symptoms through its association with hypomentalizing and maladaptive cognitive strategies of emotion regulation (i.e. self-blame, rumination, catastrophizing). Results also showed a significant indirect effect between multiple types of childhood trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms through its association with hypomentalizing and maladaptive interpersonal strategies of emotion regulation (i.e. emotional reactivity and tendency to avoid emotional connection). Indirect paths were also run in reverse to control for the direction of the effect.ConclusionOur findings show that exposure to multiple types of childhood trauma contributes to severe PTSD through several complex pathways including both hypomentalizing and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in adolescence and young adulthood.; ObjectifsLes traumatismes de l'enfance (abus physiques, émotionnels, sexuels et/ou négligence physique et émotionnelle) représentent un risque spécifique de perturbations du développement et de résultats négatifs à long terme. Les adolescents et les jeunes adultes victimes de traumatismes infantiles ont rarement vécu un seul type d'événement traumatique, mais plutôt des expériences traumatiques multiples. Cependant, les études sur le TSPT des adolescents sont rares. Cette étude examine le rôle médiateur possible des stratégies de mentalisation, de régulation cognitive et interpersonnelle des émotions entre les types multiples d'exposition aux traumatismes de l'enfance et le TSPT chez les adolescents et les jeunes adultes.MéthodesL'échantillon était composé de 456 adolescents et jeunes adultes âgés de 15 à 25 ans, recrutés dans quatre lycées et une université. Les participants ont rempli des questionnaires d'auto-évaluation portant sur les traumatismes subis durant l'enfance, les stratégies de mentalisation, cognitives et interpersonnelles de régulation des émotions et le TSPT.RésultatsLa modélisation par équations structurelles a révélé que de multiples types d'exposition aux traumatismes de l'enfance ont un effet indirect significatif sur les symptômes du TSPT par le biais de leur association avec l'hypomentalisation et les stratégies cognitives inadaptées de régulation des émotions (c'est-à-dire l'auto-culpabilisation, la rumination, la catastrophisation). Les résultats ont également montré un effet indirect significatif entre les multiples types d'exposition aux traumatismes de l'enfance et les symptômes du TSPT par le biais de son association avec les stratégies hypomentalistes et interpersonnelles inadaptées de régulation des émotions (c'est-à-dire la réactivité émotionnelle et la tendance à éviter les liens émotionnels). Les chemins indirects ont également été parcourus en sens inverse pour contrôler la direction de l’effet.ConclusionNos résultats montrent que l'exposition à de multiples types de traumatismes dans l'enfance contribue au TSPT sévère par le biais de plusieurs voies complexes comprenant à la fois l'hypomentalisation et les stratégies inadaptées de régulation des émotions à l'adolescence et au début de l'âge adulte.

International audience; Mother–infant synchrony is one of the most important processes in the development of socio-affective competencies in children. While maternal abilities and psychopathology are related to maladaptive mother–infant synchrony, it is as yet unclear how maternal emotion regulation difficulties contribute to it. Based on a panel of behavioral indicators (i.e., gaze, vocal, and motor), the present study examined mother–infant synchrony at 6 months of age in a modified version of Ainsworth's Strange Situation (n = 72 dyads). Mother–infant interaction sequences were characterized by indicators of complexity (LZ complexity of joint behavioral sequences) and of synchronization quality (cross-recurrence plot quantification). Results showed that mothers’ touch was greater in the reunion condition than in the initial condition. Mothers’ motor behaviors were associated with the global levels of infants’ behavioral involvement in the reunion condition, unlike the symmetrical influence observed between mothers and infants in the initial condition. Results show that maternal anxiety mediates the relationships between mothers’ emotion regulation difficulties and gaze, vocal, and motor synchrony between mothers and infants in the initial and reunion conditions. This study emphasizes the central role of maternal emotion regulation difficulties in the establishment of maladaptive synchrony and in the adjustments of maternal physical contacts with infants.

The present research examined a model that evaluates the mediating role of both intrapersonal and interpersonal emotional competences (ECs) between attachment insecurity and the cognitive and emotional dimensions of empathy in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). Women with AN completed the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, the Profile of Emotional Competence, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory. The results revealed that intrapersonal EC mediated the relationships between attachment insecurity (i.e., attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance) and emotional empathy in patients with AN. Importantly, a high emotional empathy in AN was associated with increased depression and anxiety symptoms. The results also indicated that a high level of attachment avoidance was indirectly associated with lower cognitive empathy through lower levels of interpersonal EC in AN. The present study emphasizes the importance of differentiating affective empathy from cognitive empathy and suggests clinical interventions in patients with AN.

The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI, Davis, 1980) is a renowned measure of empathy, which has been translated in several languages. Currently, three different French adaptations of this instrument co-exist. They do differ for either i) item wordings, or ii) the applied Likert scale. This study will be based on a previously conducted review of the psychometric characteristics displayed by the three French adaptations in different samples of people residing in France. For the purpose of the current study, the same 5-point Likert scale will be applied to all three versions, in order to specifically compare the effect of item wording. The three instruments will be administered 2 months apart from each other to a non-clinical population. Mean, SD, ceiling and flooring effects and factorial structure will be compared across the three versions in order to achieve a comprehensive picture of the psychometric properties of the three French adaptations.

International audience; The reduced specificity of positive and negative autobiographical memories observed in anorexic (AN) patients may reflect a global disturbance in their emotional information processing. However, their emotional difficulties may differ according to the subtype of AN, implying possible differences in the manifestation of autobiographical memory impairments. The aims of the study were (1) to confirm the autobiographical memory deficits in AN patients in terms of specificity and wealth of memories, and (2) to compare autobiographical deficits according to the AN subtype: restrictive type (AR) or binge/purging type (AB). Ninety-five non-clinical (NC) individuals and 95 AN patients including 69 AR and 22 AB patients were administered the Williams’ and Scott’s Autobiographical Memory Test. The results confirmed a lack of specificity regardless of emotional valence in the overall AN patient group without any distinction of subtype, which was linked to the number of hospitalizations. When the AN subtype was considered, AR patients demonstrated reduced specificity for negative memories only, suggesting differences in emotional functioning or in the mechanisms underlying reduced specificity between AR and AB patients. Furthermore, the overall AN group demonstrated lower variability and complexity in their memory content than the NC group. However, this difference in the complexity of recalled memories was only found in response to negative cues. When AN subtypes were considered, AR patients showed fewer complex memories than NC individuals. Beyond a reduced specificity, AN patients also depict a poverty in the range of event recall and a difficulty in developing narrative content. The clinical implications of such autobiographical memory deficits need to be further investigated.

International audience; The own-age bias refers to the observation that face recognition is typically superior for own-age faces compared with other-age faces. We investigated this bias in Korsakoff patients, as well as its relationship with social contact and episodic memory. Korsakoff patients and age-matched controls were exposed to older faces (own-age faces) and younger faces (other-age faces). In the recognition phase, they were invited to decide whether faces had been exposed in the encoding phase or not. Results revealed an own-age bias in control participants (i.e., high recognition of older than for younger faces), but not in Korsakoff patients (i.e., similar recognition of older and younger faces). Furthermore, both Korsakoff's syndrome and controls reported more social contact with old than with young individuals. Recognition of younger and older faces in Korsakoff patients was significantly correlated with episodic performance but not with social contact with younger and older people. We conclude that the lack of own-age bias in Korsakoff's syndrome is related rather to compromise of episodic memory than to diminished social contact with younger adults.

International audience; Sexual satisfaction is the most frequently studied sexual component of human sexuality related to its link with relationship satisfaction and stability (S Sprecher and R. M. Cate, 2004. The handbook of sexuality in close relationships, pp. 235–256. Mahwah, NJ: Taylor and Francis). Previous studies have shown that sexual satisfaction is affected by personal, interpersonal, social and cultural variables, but few studies have considered the associations between these variables. The aim of this study was to evaluate a complex model of sexual satisfaction considering these various levels of variables and their associations. The study was conducted online and comprised 457 individuals in the final sample. The French version of the index of sexual satisfaction evaluated the level of sexual dissatisfaction. Personal, interpersonal, social and cultural variables were assessed with questionnaires and their associations were investigated with the partial least squares-path method. The association between dyadic coping (positive and negative) and sexual dissatisfaction was mediated by relationship satisfaction. The model also showed three sequential mediations through dyadic coping and relationship satisfaction: first between intra-individual vulnerability and sexual dissatisfaction, second between intra-individual resources and sexual dissatisfaction, and third between conjugal characteristics and sexual dissatisfaction. The simple and sequential mediations were stronger for positive dyadic coping. The relationship between intra-individual resources and positive dyadic coping was significantly stronger in women, while the relationship between conjugal characteristics and positive dyadic coping was stronger in men. Dyadic coping plays a key role in sexual dissatisfaction. Clinical interventions should reinforce positive self-image (particularly in women), support emotional and physical vulnerabilities, and promote more supportive dyadic coping (particularly in men in a long-term relationship).

International audience; Interoceptive awareness, which refers to the features of interoception that are accessible to consciousness, has been consistently associated with physical and psychological health. To date, the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) is the most comprehensive self-report measure of interoceptive awareness. As such, it has been translated into many languages and validated in many countries. Aim: The aim of the present study was to validate a French version of the MAIA (MAIA-Fr), so it can be used in clinical and research settings with French-speaking populations. Method: The psychometric properties of the MAIA-Fr were analyzed based on the responses of 345 French adult participants. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. Internal consistency, temporal stability, and construct validity of the MAIA-Fr were examined. Result: As for the original MAIA, the factor analyses supported an eight-factor structure of the MAIA-Fr. The results indicated a good construct validity of the questionnaire and showed appropriate-to-good internal consistency and temporal stability for most MAIA-Fr scales. In line with previous validation studies, questionable behaviors were found for the Not distracting and Not worrying scales. Conclusion: The MAIA-Fr was deemed appropriate to assess interoceptive awareness in French-speaking populations.; La conscience intéroceptive, à savoir les caractéristiques de l’intéroception qui sont accessibles à la conscience, a été régulièrement associée à la santé physique et psychologique. À ce jour, la Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) est la mesure autorapportée la plus complète de la conscience intéroceptive. En tant que telle, elle a été traduite en plusieurs langues et validée dans de nombreux pays. Objectif : L’objectif de la présente étude est de valider une version française de la MAIA (MAIA-Fr), afin qu’elle puisse être utilisée dans des contextes cliniques et de recherche auprès de populations francophones. Méthode : Les propriétés psychométriques de la MAIA-Fr ont été analysées au moyen des réponses de 345 adultes francophones. Des analyses factorielles, confirmatoire et exploratoire, ont été effectuées. La consistance interne, la fiabilité temporelle et la validité de construit de la MAIA-Fr ont été examinées. Résultats : Les analyses factorielles appuient la structure à huit facteurs de la MAIA-Fr, à l’instar de la version originale de la MAIA. Les résultats indiquent la bonne validité de construit du questionnaire et révèlent une consistance interne et une fiabilité temporelle allant d’appropriée à bonne pour la plupart de ses échelles. Conformément aux études de validation antérieures, des résultats douteux ont été obtenus pour les échelles Not distracting et Not worrying. Conclusion : L’usage de la MAIA-Fr a été jugé approprié pour évaluer la conscience intéroceptive parmi les populations francophone

AimsPrior research has been mainly concerned with the ability of patients with Korsakoff syndrome (KS) to project themselves into the past. Little is known about the patients’ ability to project themselves into the future. We therefore compared past and future thinking in patients with KS.MethodsWe invited patients with KS and control participants to retrieve past events and reconstruct future events. Participants were also invited to rate subjective characteristics (i.e. time travel, emotional feeling, and visual imagery) of the past and future events.ResultsPatients with KS demonstrated low specificity, time travel, and emotional experience during past and future thinking. However, while lower emotional experience was observed in patients with KS than in the control participants during future thinking, no significant differences were observed between the two populations during past thinking. Regarding within-group comparisons, patients with KS demonstrated no significant differences between past and future thinking in terms of specificity, time travel, and visual imagery; however, they demonstrated higher emotional experience during past than during future thinking. Regarding control participants, they demonstrated no significant differences between past and future thinking in terms of specificity, time travel, emotional experience, and visual imagery.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate a diminished ability to construct specific future scenarios as well as a diminished subjective experience during future thinking in KS.

International audience; BackgroundWhile there has been a body of work that has investigated past thinking in individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUD), little is known about future thinking in these individuals.MethodsWe invited participants with AUD and control participants to construct past and future events. We have also investigated the relationship between constructing past and future events and depression.ResultsBy analyzing the specificity (i.e., the ability in constructing specific events situated in time and space) of these events, results demonstrated lower specificity of past and future thinking in AUD participants compared to control participants. No significant differences were observed between the specificity of past and future thinking in AUD or in control participants. Further, significant negative correlations were observed between depression and past/future thinking in AUD participants but not in controls.ConclusionsDifficulties in constructing specific future scenarios, as observed in AUD participants compared with controls, are presumably related to ruminative thinking and emotional avoidance aspects of depression, which should be investigated in future studies. More specifically, individuals with AUD may tend to construct general future scenarios to dwell on negative past events and/or to avoid coping with hopelessness and processing of upsetting or distressful future scenarios.

Abstract. Background: Suicide in prison is a major problem and several risk factors have been identified in the literature (e.g., period of incarceration, depressive disorders). Aims: The study examined the impact of several risk factors for suicide attempts before and during incarceration using life trajectory analysis of inmates by interviews with informants. Method: The lifetime of inmates with a history of suicide attempts (ISA; n = 20) or without (IWSA; n = 29) was recounted on a life chart according to four main domains (health, life events, relationships, and judiciary domain) organized in two different periods (predetention and current detention). Life charts were compared between the two groups and a predictive model of suicide risk was constructed using logistic regression and receiving operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: Before detention, more depressive experiences were observed in ISA than in IWSA, and ISA reported more behavioral disorders than IWSA during current detention. Moreover, the total burden for ISA was greater than that for IWSA. The predictive model identified three dimensions for differentiating ISA from IWSA: mood disorders before detention, behavioral disorders, and the quality of relationships with nuclear family during detention. Limitations: Interviews with inmates would have been informative. Conclusion: The accumulation of life events and behavioral manifestations should be incorporated in the developmental trajectory as a therapeutic model regarding suicide in prison.

Contains fulltext : 230334.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Introduction: In this exploratory study, we investigated gender differences regarding autobiographical memory in KS. Method: We invited 33 patients with KS and 35 matched control participants to retrieve autobiographical memories and, afterward, to rate mental time travel during retrieval, emotional value and importance of memories. Results: Analysis demonstrated lower specificity (i.e., lower ability to retrieve memories situated in a specific time and space), mental time travel, and importance in patients with KS compared to control participants. Analysis also demonstrated no significant difference between patients with KS and control participants regarding emotion. Critically, analysis demonstrated no significant differences neither women and men with KS, nor between women and men in the control group, regarding autobiographical specificity, mental time travel, or importance. However, women with KS attributed higher emotional value for memories compared to men with KS, and the same results were observed in the control group. Discussion: These findings demonstrate that the higher emotional experience during autobiographical retrieval, as observed in the general population, can also be observed in KS. 13 p.

Early aversive events are key factors in the development of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and are known to impact the ability to produce specific autobiographical memories and to modify self-construction. The present study assessed identity construction in forensic inpatients suffering from ASPD by comparing the characteristics (specificity, integration, valence, topic and period) of self-defining memories (SDM) of persons with ASPD hospitalised in a forensic hospital to those of control participants. Offenders with ASPD had difficulty in retrieving purely specific single events and tended to recall memories comprising multiple events. In addition, they produced significantly less meaning-making from their past experiences (low integration). These characteristics of SDM could be due to a defensive process used by offenders with ASPD in which they do not integrate aversive experiences, thereby creating a vicious circle where maladjustment of their personality is maintained.

International audience; This study explored self-regulatory efforts during the viewing of couple interactions and their association with relationship satisfaction. High-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) was measured for each participant during a video recall of a recent couple interaction to quantify the self-regulatory processes governed by parasympathetic activity. Among 30 couples, HF-HRV was measured continuously during three specific periods to explore its change over time using a video-recall procedure: (1) resting state; (2) viewing of couple interactions (expressing daily life situations and conflictual interactions); and (3) recovery. Results of multilevel models revealed a u-shaped pattern of HF-HRV responses for men and women across the three periods with a nadir at the midway through the process. This pattern of physiological change (vagal suppression) reflects aflexible response to a stressful situation. Nevertheless, the pattern of physiological responses varied according to the level of relationship satisfaction. Men who were more satisfied in their couple relationship presented greater vagal suppression than dissatisfied men. In contrast, no significant HF-HRV changes were found in women over the different periods of the video-recall procedure and no moderating effect of relationship satisfaction. We discuss the different patterns of physiological responses observed both for men and women in terms of interindividual variability according to the level of their relationship satisfaction. The present study highlights the important role of relationship satisfaction in regulatory processes.

International audience; Mind-wandering refers to the intentional and unintentional tendency to withdraw from the external environment and engage in internally generated thoughts. We investigated intentional and unintentional mind-wandering in patients with Korsakoff syndrome (KS). We invited 31 patients with KS and 33 control participants to answer a questionnaire probing intentional and unintentional mind-wandering. Analysis demonstrated higher intentional and unintentional mind-wandering in patients with KS than in controls. However, no significant differences were observed between intentional and unintentional mind-wandering in patients with KS or in controls. Significant positive correlations were observed between intentional and unintentional mind-wandering and depression in patients with KS but not with cognitive controls. Our results demonstrate a high intentional and unintentional tendency in patients with KS to shift attention away from the external environment to internal thoughts/feelings that are unrelated to the ongoing task. This tendency may be associated with the activation of negative thoughts/beliefs, as observed in depression.

International audience; Emotion dys‐regulation is thought to be involved in the development and maintenance of emotional eating (EE), notably through its links with anxious and depressive symptoms. AIM: The aims of the study were to: (a) examine the mediating effect of depressive and anxious symptoms on the relationship between emotion dys‐regulation and EE in obesity and (b) compare those links with various degrees of obesity severity. One hundred and twenty patients with obesity, including 60 with “n” (MO) (30 ≤ BMI < 40) and 60 with “severe obesity” (SO) (BMI > 40), completed self‐report measures of emotion dys‐regulation, depression, anxiety and EE. Partial least square structural equation modelling and multi‐group analyses were performed. Emotion dys‐regulation was found to be significantly associated with EE only when the severity of obesity was taken into account. In addition, although the MO and SO groups reported similar levels of emotional and eating disorders, significant differences were found between the groups in pathways leading to EE. In MO, emotion dys‐regulation was only associated with more EE through more anxiety. In SO, emotion dys‐regulation was both directly and indirectly associated with more EE, but only through more depression in the latter. Emotion dys‐regulation, anxiety and depression do not have the same impact on EE depending on the severity of obesity. Psychotherapeutic interventions should aim at reducing emotion dys‐regulation in obesity from MO onwards, but the focus should be on the management of anxiety‐related affects in MO and depression‐related affects in SO.

This study examined the effects of attachment styles on physiological responses during a perspective-taking task. Sixty-eight participants were selected according to attachment styles. Physiological responses were assessed using skin conductance responses (SCRs) in the three attachment groups (secure, insecure-anxious and insecure-avoidant) during the presentation of attachment-based pictures (distress, comfort or neutral) in two different perspective-taking conditions: self perspective-taking (i.e. imagine how you would feel in the given situation) or other perspective-taking (i.e. imagine how that person could feel in this situation). In the self perspective-taking condition, insecure-anxious individuals displayed higher SCRs than secure individuals for distress pictures. In the other perspective-taking condition, insecure-anxious individuals showed higher SCRs than secure individuals for comfort pictures. The results also showed a strong negative association between self-reported perspective-taking tendencies and SCRs in secure individuals. The findings suggest that perspective-taking plays an important role in the modulation of physiological responses in reaction to attachment-related pictures, which varies according to attachment styles. 154

International audience; Much research has shown strong relationships between attachment security and the development of emotion regulation (ER) and empathic abilities in childhood. However, less is known about how attachment styles influence ER and empathy in adulthood. The aim of this study was to examine how differences in attachment styles influence the relationships between ER and affective and cognitive empathy in adults. From a total sample of 870 participants, 168 individuals were selected according to their specific attachment style and completed self-reports of attachment styles, ER difficulties, and affective and cognitive empathy. Concerning empathic dimensions, anxious individuals reported higher personal distress and fantasy than secure and avoidant individuals. The results also revealed that individuals with anxious attachment had higher ER difficulties than secure and avoidant individuals. Furthermore, partial least square modeling highlighted that the mediating role of ER in the relationship between attachment and empathy varied according to the attachment styles and the dimensions of empathy. This study emphasizes the role of attachment profiles and ER competences in developing cognitive and affective empathic abilities in adults.

While significant weight loss has been observed in the first two years following adjustable gastric banding (AGB), research on the long-term effectiveness of gastric restriction (e.g., 5 years) both on weight loss and eating behavior changes is scarce. The present study examined obese patients' changes in eating behavior preoperatively and 5 years after AGB and examined their associations with excess weight loss (EWL). Specifically, we focused on the association between the modification of three eating behavior profiles (i.e., restrained eating, emotional eating and external eating) and %EWL at 5 years. Among the 197 participants who underwent AGB, 136 completed the clinical assessments (weight, depression with the BDI, eating behavior with the DEBQ) before surgery, and after 5 years. Resultsshowed that the mean percentage of EWL was 47% after 5 years. Moreover, patients reported lower emotional eating and external eating after 5 years in comparison to the baseline, whereas there were no differences concerning restrained eating. Importantly, patients who presented higher %EWL at 5 years also reported a greater decrease in emotional eating between the two sessions than those with low %EWL. Our study underlines that eating behaviors are major variables involved in weight loss after gastric restriction. Results showed that emotional and external eating decreased significantly at 5 years whereas restrained eating behaviors did not vary between the pre- and postoperative stages. Moreover, the data suggest that a decrease in emotional eating accounts for the extent of EWL.

International audience; This study examined the association between emotional eating, emotion dysregulations, and interoceptive sensibility in 116 patients with obesity by distinguishing an “awareness” and a “reliance” component of interoceptive sensibility. Deficits in interoceptive awareness were only associated with more emotional eating in obesity through less interoceptive reliance and more emotion dysregulations. The results suggest that good interoceptive awareness can increase the risk of emotional eating if not supported by good interoceptive reliance. Interoceptive reliance, like the ability to trust, positively consider, and positively use inner sensations, should be a privileged target of psychotherapeutic interventions in obesity.

Contains fulltext : 216598.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Background and Objectives: While sex differences in cognitive abilities have been extensively studied in healthy populations, little is known about these differences in patients with Korsakoff syndrome (KS). Methods: We investigated sex differences in verbal episodic memory, inhibition, and flexibility in 25 patients with KS and 25 control participants. Results: The analysis demonstrated no significant differences between women with KS and men with KS on episodic memory and flexibility, but higher inhibition was observed in women with KS compared with men with KS. Regarding control participants, no significant differences were observed between women and men on inhibition or flexibility, but higher verbal episodic memory was observed in women compared with men. Verbal episodic memory and flexibility seem to be equally affected in women and men with KS, whereas inhibition seems to be more affected in men than in women with KS. Conclusions and Scientific Significance: Our findings highlight cognitive sex differences in KS in executive function. Critically, our findings are the first quantitative data about episodic performances (and cognitive performances in general) of women and men with KS. 5 p.

Contains fulltext : 216863.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Chunking is a mnemonic strategy that involves organizing information into appropriate units. Our article examined the use of this strategy on forward and backward span performance in Korsakoff's syndrome. Fifteen patients with Korsakoff's syndrome and 17 age-and-education matched healthy controls participated to the study. Digit span performance (both forward and backward) was tested before and after chunking training. Results demonstrated an increased performance on the forward spans after chunking training in the patients with Korsakoff's syndrome, but no beneficial effect was observed on the backward spans in these participants. Controls demonstrated a chunking effect on both forward and backward span performance. Our findings suggest that a simple training in chunking may be useful as part of a cognitive strategy training for improving working memory performance in patients with Korsakoff's syndrome. 8 p.

In this chapter, we will review prior studies on emotional and social cognitive deficits in addiction. Specifically, we will compare these impairments in various populations with substance use disorders, including alcohol, opiate, cocaine, methamphetamine, as well as polydrug use. Specifically, we will review studies in three different social cognition domains: emotional facial expression (EFE) recognition, theory of mind (ToM), and prosody. Our review shows that impairment in social cognitive processes is related to type of task used (simple vs. complex; emotional vs. non-emotional) as well as the type of primary substance abused by the addicts.

In this study, we investigated, for the first time, facial expressions during the retrieval of Self-defining memories (i.e., those vivid and emotionally intense memories of enduring concerns or unresolved conflicts). Participants self-rated the emotional valence of their Self-defining memories and autobiographical retrieval was analyzed with a facial analysis software. This software (Facereader) synthesizes the facial expression information (i.e., cheek, lips, muscles, eyebrow muscles) to describe and categorize facial expressions (i.e., neutral, happy, sad, surprised, angry, scared, and disgusted facial expressions). We found that participants showed more emotional than neutral facial expressions during the retrieval of Self-defining memories. We also found that participants showed more positive than negative facial expressions during the retrieval of Self-defining memories. Interestingly, participants attributed positive valence to the retrieved memories. These findings are the first to demonstrate the consistency between facial expressions and the emotional subjective experience of Self-defining memories. These findings provide valuable physiological information about the emotional experience of the past.

International audience; The relationship between childhood trauma and dissociative experiences is widely acknowledged. However, the association between emotion regulation difficulties (ERD), anxiety/depression and dissociation in adolescents and young adults with cumulative maltreatment (CM) remains unclear. The present study examined the role of ERD at both intrapersonal and interpersonal levels and anxiety/depression symptoms in the development of psychoform or somatoform dissociation in adolescents and young adults with CM. We assessed 58 participants with CM and 55 participants without childhood trauma history between the age of 12 and 22 years old. Participants completed self-reports of ERD, anxiety/depression, psychoform dissociation and somatoform dissociation. The results revealed that adolescents and young adults exposed to CM displayed high levels of psychoform and somatoform dissociation, ERD and anxiety/depression symptoms. It was also found that intrapersonal and interpersonal ERD predicted psychoform dissociation, whereas anxiety/depression predicted somatoform dissociation in adolescents and young adults with CM. Intrapersonal and interpersonal ERD and anxiety/depression are therapy targets for clinical interventions in adolescents and young adults with CM and dissociative symptoms.

This study, for the first time investigates facial expressions during the retrieval of self-defining memories (i.e., vivid and emotionally intense memories of enduring concerns or unresolved conflicts). Participants self-rated the emotional valence of their self-defining memories, while autobiographical retrieval was analyzed with facial analysis software. This software (Facereader) synthesizes the information in facial expression (i.e., cheek, lips, muscles, eyebrow muscles) to describe and categorize facial expressions (i.e., neutral, happy, sad, surprised, angry, scared, and disgusted facial expressions). It was found that participants showed more emotional than neutral facial expressions during the retrieval of self-defining memories. It was also found that participants showed more positive than negative facial expressions during the retrieval of self-defining memories. Interestingly, participants attributed positive valence to the retrieved memories. These findings are the first to demonstrate the consistency between facial expressions and the subjective emotional experience of self-defining memories. These findings provide valuable physiological information about the emotional experience of the past.

International audience; This study examines the impact of self-differentiation, alexithymia and psychological distress on eating disorder symptoms in young and middle adolescence. Four hundred fifty-one adolescents completed self-report measures. Early and middle adolescents were categorized into two groups (12–14 years and 15–17 years) to represent distinct developmental stages. Significant differences were found between younger and older adolescents. The association between low self-differentiation and both eating disorders symptoms and psychological dimensions related to eating attitudes was stronger in early adolescence than in middle adolescence. The association between low self-differentiation and eating disorder symptoms was mediated by alexithymia and psychological distress in middle adolescence. Taken together, these findings suggest that self-differentiation could be useful in understanding psychological distress and alexithymia in eating disorders.

Item does not contain fulltext The authors investigated retrospective timing in participants with Korsakoff's syndrome. Patients were assessed on four retrospective tasks on which they were instructed to read three-digit numbers aloud (15 seconds), fill connected squares (30 seconds), decide whether words were abstract or concrete (45 seconds), or read aloud a text about mushroom picking (60 seconds). Participants were not aware of the task's timing until the end of the tasks, when they were asked to estimate the elapsed time. Results revealed an underestimation of the elapsed time in Korsakoff participants, suggesting that time is perceived to pass quickly for these participants. 7 p.