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1. A genome‐wide analysis suggests pleiotropic effects of Green Revolution genes on shade avoidance in wheat

Author

Michel Colombo, Germain Montazeaud, Véronique Viader, Martin Ecarnot, Jean‐Marie Prosperi, Jacques David, Florian Fort, Cyrille Violle, and Hélène Fréville

Subjects
durum wheat, evolutionary prebreeding population, light quality, phenotypic plasticity, plant height, QTL, Evolution, QH359-425
Abstract

Abstract A classic example of phenotypic plasticity in plants is the suit of phenotypic responses induced by a change in the ratio of red to far‐red light (R∶FR) as a result of shading, also known as the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). While the adaptive consequences of this syndrome have been extensively discussed in natural ecosystems, how SAS varies within crop populations and how SAS evolved during crop domestication and breeding remain poorly known. In this study, we grew a panel of 180 durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) genotypes spanning diversity from wild, early domesticated, and elite genetic compartments under two light treatments: low R:FR light (shaded treatment) and high R:FR light (unshaded treatment). We first quantified the genetic variability of SAS, here measured as a change in plant height at the seedling stage. We then dissected the genetic basis of this variation through genome‐wide association mapping. Genotypes grown in shaded conditions were taller than those grown under unshaded conditions. Interaction between light quality and genotype did not affect plant height. We found six QTLs affecting plant height. Three significantly interacted with light quality among which the well‐known Rht1 gene introgressed in elite germplasm during the Green Revolution. Interestingly at three loci, short genotypes systematically expressed reduced SAS, suggesting a positive genetic correlation between plant height and plant height plasticity. Overall, our study sheds light on the evolutionary history of crops and illustrates the relevance of genetic approaches to tackle agricultural challenges.

Published
2022
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2. Potential Implications of Climate Change on Aegilops Species Distribution: Sympatry of These Crop Wild Relatives with the Major European Crop Triticum aestivum and Conservation Issues.

Author

Marie-France Ostrowski, Jean-Marie Prosperi, and Jacques David

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Gene flow from crop to wild relatives is a common phenomenon which can lead to reduced adaptation of the wild relatives to natural ecosystems and/or increased adaptation to agrosystems (weediness). With global warming, wild relative distributions will likely change, thus modifying the width and/or location of co-occurrence zones where crop-wild hybridization events could occur (sympatry). This study investigates current and 2050 projected changes in sympatry levels between cultivated wheat and six of the most common Aegilops species in Europe. Projections were generated using MaxEnt on presence-only data, bioclimatic variables, and considering two migration hypotheses and two 2050 climate scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Overall, a general decline in suitable climatic conditions for Aegilops species outside the European zone and a parallel increase in Europe were predicted. If no migration could occur, the decline was predicted to be more acute outside than within the European zone. The potential sympatry level in Europe by 2050 was predicted to increase at a higher rate than species richness, and most expansions were predicted to occur in three countries, which are currently among the top four wheat producers in Europe: Russia, France and Ukraine. The results are also discussed with regard to conservation issues of these crop wild relatives.

Published
2016
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3. Genetic determinants of seed protein plasticity in response to the environment in Medicago truncatula

Author

Julia Buitink, Valérie Labas, Joseph Ly Vu, Lucie Combes-Soia, Christine Le Signor, Kévin Cartelier, Delphine Aimé, Karine Gallardo, Jean‐Marie Prosperi, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur], Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), National Science Foundation (grant NSF-0703285). The PhD fellowship of Kévin Cartelier was funded by the INRAE BAP (Plant Biology and Breeding) department and the Regional Council of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté., ANR-15-CE20-0001,REGULEG,Identification des régulateurs participant à la plasticité d'adaptation des graines de légumineuses aux changements environnementaux(2015), and Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Candidate gene, Genotype, legumes, Mutant, Vitamin U, Genome-wide association study, Plant Science, Biology, methionine recycling, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Methionine, Stress, Physiological, Medicago truncatula, Genetics, Storage protein, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), Gene, Plant Proteins, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, Seed Storage Proteins, food and beverages, Globulins, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, Metabolic pathway, Phenotype, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, storage proteins, 13. Climate action, plasticity, Mutation, Seeds, seed, Genome-Wide Association Study, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

As the frequency of extreme environmental events is expected to increase with climate change, identifying candidate genes for stabilizing the protein composition of legume seeds or optimizing this in a given environment is increasingly important. To elucidate the genetic determinants of seed protein plasticity, major seed proteins from 200 ecotypes of Medicago truncatula grown in four contrasting environments were quantified after one-dimensional electrophoresis. The plasticity index of these proteins was recorded for each genotype as the slope of Finlay and Wilkinson's regression and then used for genome-wide association studies (GWASs), enabling the identification of candidate genes for determining this plasticity. This list was enriched in genes related to transcription, DNA repair and signal transduction, with many of them being stress responsive. Other over-represented genes were related to sulfur and aspartate family pathways leading to the synthesis of the nutritionally essential amino acids methionine and lysine. By placing these genes in metabolic pathways, and using a M. truncatula mutant impaired in regenerating methionine from S-methylmethionine, we discovered that methionine recycling pathways are major contributors to globulin composition establishment and plasticity. These data provide a unique resource of genes that can be targeted to mitigate negative impacts of environmental stresses on seed protein composition.

Published
2021
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4. Importance des voies de recyclage de la méthionine dans le contrôle de la plasticité de la composition protéique des graines

Author

Kévin Cartelier, Delphine Aime, Jean‐marie Prosperi, Julia Buitink, Christine Le Signor, Karine Gallardo, EL Mjiyad, Noureddine, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), and Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST

Subjects
methionine, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], plasticity, seed, proteins
Abstract

International audience; La production de protéines végétales en France et en Europe nécessite de fournir des outils d’aide à la sélection de variétés de légumineuses produisant des graines de meilleure valeur nutritionnelle possible. Bien que certains constituants réputés antinutritionnels aient été réduits dans les graines des variétés de légumineuses, la fraction protéique reste à améliorer et à stabiliser pour d’avantage d’équilibre en acides aminés. Cet enjeu nécessite d’identifier les gènes contrôlant la composition protéique des graines et sa plasticité vis-à-vis de l’environnement. Une approche de génétique d’association à l’échelle du génome (GWAS) appliquée à 200 écotypes de Medicago truncatula a mis en évidence des polymorphismes de séquence associés à des variations de plasticité de la composition protéique des graines récoltées dans 4 environnements contrastés. Ce travail a permis d’établir une liste de gènes susceptibles de contrôler cette plasticité. Fait intéressant, cette liste est enrichie en gènes appartenant aux métabolismes du soufre et des acides aminés dérivés de l’aspartate, en particulier de la méthionine (acide aminé essentiel). En replaçant ces gènes dans les voies métaboliques correspondantes, nous avons découvert l'importance des voies de recyclage de la méthionine dans le contrôle de la plasticité de la composition protéique des graines. En utilisant un mutant pour l’enzyme HMT3 (homocystéine S-méthyltransférase) nous avons montré que le recyclage de méthionine à partir de S-méthylméthionine, une forme de transport de méthionine dans le phloème, contribue d’une part à l’accumulation des globulines les plus riches en soufre (les légumines) dans un environnement donné, et d’autre part à la plasticité de la composition protéique des graines sous contrainte environnementale. En plus d’apporter des éléments nouveaux sur le rôle du recyclage de la méthionine dans l’élaboration de la composition protéique des graines, ce travail fournit une ressource unique de gènes candidats utilisables en sélection pour stabiliser la composition protéique des graines.

Published
2021

5. Identity and provenance of neighbors, genotype-specific traits and abiotic stress affect intraspecific interactions in the annual legumeMedicago truncatula

Author

Sha Zhang, Ke Tao, Christian Damgaard, Simon Kelly, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Bodil K. Ehlers, Simona Radutoiu, Joëlle Ronfort, and Sara Tomiolo

Subjects
Abiotic stress, Ecology, media_common.quotation_subject, Genotype, Microbiome, Biology, Affect (psychology), biology.organism_classification, Intraspecific competition, Legume, Competition (biology), Medicago truncatula, media_common
Abstract

SummaryAccounting for intraspecific variation may improve our understanding of species coexistence. However, our knowledge of what factors maintain intraspecific variation is limited. We predicted that 1) a plant grows larger when with non-kin (i.e. different genotypes) than kin (i.e. same genotype) neighbors, 2) abiotic stress alters the outcome of kin vs. non-kin interactions, 3) genetic identity of plants affects composition of soil microbiome.We set up mini-communities ofMedicago truncatula, where focal genotypes were grown together with two kin or two non-kin neighbors from different origins. We analyzed how origin, identity of interacting genotypes and abiotic stress affected growth and fruit production. We also analyzed the composition of soil microbial communities.Focal plants grew larger in non-kin than in kin mini-communities. This pattern was stronger in low level of abiotic stress and when interacting genotypes were from similar origins. However, genotypic variation in growth and response to competition had a stronger effect on growth than mini-community type. Plant genotype identity did not affect soil microbiome.We find that intraspecific variation is affected by genotype-specific traits and abiotic stress. Geographic, rather than genetic, distance among interacting genotypes affects the outcome of intraspecific interactions.

Published
2020
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6. Exploring natural diversity of Medicago truncatula reveals physiotypes and loci associated with the response of seedling performance to nitrate supply

Author

Bénédicte Alibert, Douae Ben Hdech, Daniel Beucher, Anis M. Limami, Catherine Aubry, Béatrice Teulat, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Region Pays de la LoireEuropean Union (EU)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM, Physiology, HETEROTROPHIC GROWTH, Context (language use), Germination, Plant Science, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nitrate, Botany, PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY, Medicago truncatula, Genetics, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Genetic variability, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, 2. Zero hunger, QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI, biology, food and beverages, PREEMERGENCE GROWTH, Cell Biology, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, ROOT DEVELOPMENT, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Seedling, Seedlings, Shoot, Seeds, ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA, GENETIC DIVERSITY, Biomass partitioning, MAIZE, 010606 plant biology & botany, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Seedling pre-emergence is a critical phase of development for successful crop establishment because of its susceptibility to environmental conditions. In a context of reduced use of inorganic fertilizers, the genetic bases of the response of seedlings to nitrate supply received little attention. This issue is important even in legumes where nitrate absorption starts early after germination, before nodule development. Natural variation of traits characterizing seedling growth in the absence or presence of nitrate was investigated in a core collection of 192 accessions of Medicago truncatula. Plasticity indexes to the absence of nitrate were calculated. The genetic determinism of the traits was dissected by genome-wide association study (GWAS). The absence of nitrate affected seed biomass mobilization and root/shoot length ratio. However, the large range of genetic variability revealed different seedling performances within natural diversity. A principal component analysis (PCA) carried out with plasticity indexes highlighted four physiotypes of accessions differing in relationships between seedling elongation and seed biomass partitioning traits in response to the absence of nitrate. Finally, GWAS revealed 45 associations with single or combined traits corresponding to coordinates of accessions on PCA, as well as two clusters of genes encoding sugar transporters and glutathione transferases surrounding loci associated with seedling elongation traits.

Published
2020
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7. Elucidating the genetic determinism of the plasticity of seed proteins in response to the environment using Medicago truncatula

Author

Kévin Cartelier, Delphine Aime, Morgane Terezol, Vanessa Vernoud, Julia Buitink, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Karine Gallardo, Christine Le Signor, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), ProdInra, Migration, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Angers (UA), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (COMUE) (UBFC). Dijon, FRA., Unité de recherches de génétique et amélioration des plantes, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, agroecology, [SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, ground beetle, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, food and beverages, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, bees
Abstract

International audience; Legumes are able to produce high-protein seeds without nitrogen fertilizer through root symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. Rich in lysine, these proteins are used for human nutrition and animal feed. However, instability of seed protein yield and quality due to environmental fluctuations limits the wide adoption of legumes in Europe. Breeding efforts are needed to optimize and stabilize seed nutritional quality. We have studied the plasticity of protein content and composition of seeds from a collection of 200 ecotypes of Medicago truncatula grown under four controlled conditions (optimal, drought, and winter/spring sowing). A quantitative analysis of one-dimensional protein profiles of these mature seeds was performed and plasticity indices were calculated. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) were performed from these data and a list of candidate genes under major GWAS hotspots was identified. The selection of candidate regulators for the adaptation of seed protein composition was refined using transcriptomics data from developing seeds. The pea orthologs of these genes were identified for functional studies in this species. The mechanisms that could govern seed protein plasticity to changing environments will be presented, providing new cues towards the improvement of legume seed quality.

Published
2019

8. Cell length instead of cell number becomes the predominant factor contributing to hypocotyl length genotypic differences under abiotic stress inMedicago truncatula

Author

Chvan Youssef, Françoise Montrichard, Daniel Beucher, Cécile Ben, Catherine Aubry, Marjorie Juchaux, Béatrice Teulat, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), INRA, National Agronomy School Agrocampus Ouest, University of Angers, scholarship of the Kurdish Institute of Paris via the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Region Pays de la Loire 2009 05369

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Genotype, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Quantitative Trait Loci, Population, Cell Count, Plant Science, Quantitative trait locus, 01 natural sciences, Hypocotyl, 03 medical and health sciences, Stress, Physiological, Medicago truncatula, Botany, Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, education, Cell Size, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, biology, Abiotic stress, fungi, Chromosome Mapping, food and beverages, Cell Biology, General Medicine, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, Cold Temperature, Phenotype, 030104 developmental biology, Seedlings, Seedling, Elongation, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Hypocotyl elongation in the dark is a crucial process to ensure seedling emergence. It relies both on the cell number and cell length. The contribution of these two factors to the maximal hypocotyl length and the impact of environmental conditions on this contribution are not known. This is surprising considering the agronomic and economical importance of seedling emergence in crop establishment. Using 14 genotypes from a nested core collection representing Medicago truncatula (barrel medic) natural variation, we investigated how epidermal cell number and cell length contribute to hypocotyl length under optimal, low temperature (8°C) and water deficit (−0.50 MPa) conditions. Both cell number and length vary according to genotypes and contribute to maximal hypocotyl length differences between genotypes. This contribution, however, depends on growth conditions. Cell number is the major contributor under optimal conditions (60%) whereas cell length becomes the major determinant under stress. Maximal hypocotyl length is correlated with hypocotyl elongation rate under both stresses but not under optimal condition, revealing contrasted genotypes for cell elongation capacity under stress. To identify the genetic regulators determining cell number and cell length, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected using a recombinant inbred lines population exhibiting segregation in maximal hypocotyl length. Two QTLs controlling cell number and three QTLs controlling cell length at low temperature were detected. One QTL for cell number and two for cell length were found to be associated with hypocotyl length under low temperature. This study provides new information to improve seedling emergence under abiotic stress.

Published
2015
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9. Genetic variability and QTL mapping of freezing tolerance and related traits in Medicago truncatula

Author

Martine Niarquin, Isabelle Lejeune-Hénaut, Hélène Sellier, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Céline Hamon, Christophe Vuylsteker, Komlan Avia, Marie-Laure Pilet-Nayel, Nasser Bahrman, Véronique Fontaine, Eric Hanocq, Bruno Delbreil, Alain Baranger, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux Cultivés (SADV), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Biology, Plant Genetics Group, University of Oulu, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST

Subjects
Chlorophyll, 0106 biological sciences, Genetic Linkage, Acclimatization, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], winter hardiness, Plant Roots, 01 natural sciences, intracellular substances, Freezing, low temperature tolerance, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, cold acclimation, Chromosome Mapping, frost tolerance, food and beverages, General Medicine, Medicago truncatula, Phenotype, loci, Shoot, Biotechnology, Photoperiod, Quantitative Trait Loci, Population, Germination, Quantitative trait locus, Biology, Genes, Plant, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic variation, Genetics, Cold acclimation, Genetic variability, education, hordeum vulgare l, 030304 developmental biology, oilseed brassica, linkage maps, Genetic Variation, Epistasis, Genetic, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy, Frost (temperature), alfalfa, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Freezing is a major environmental limitation to crop productivity for a number of species including legumes. We investigated the genetic determinism of freezing tolerance in the model legume Medicago truncatula Gaertn (M. truncatula). After having observed a large variation for freezing tolerance among 15 M. truncatula accessions, the progeny of a F6 recombinant inbred line population, derived from a cross between two accessions, was acclimated to low above-freezing temperatures and assessed for: (a) number of leaves (NOL), leaf area (LA), chlorophyll content index (CCI), shoot and root dry weights (SDW and RDW) at the end of the acclimation period and (b) visual freezing damage (FD) during the freezing treatment and 2 weeks after regrowth and foliar electrolyte leakage (EL) 2 weeks after regrowth. Consistent QTL positions with additive effects for FD were found on LG1, LG4 and LG6, the latter being the most explanatory (R (2) a parts per thousand 40 %). QTL for NOL, QTL for EL, NOL and RDW, and QTL for EL and CCI colocalized with FD QTL on LG1, LG4 and LG6, respectively. Favorable alleles for these additive effects were brought by the same parent suggesting that this accession contributes to superior freezing tolerance by affecting plants' capacity to maintain growth at low above-freezing temperatures. No epistatic effects were found between FD QTL, but for each of the studied traits, 3-6 epistatic effects were detected between loci not detected directly as QTL. These results open the way to the assessment of syntenic relationships between QTL for frost tolerance in M. truncatula and cultivated legume species.

Published
2013
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10. Genome-wide association studies with proteomics data reveal genes important for synthesis, transport and packaging of globulins in legume seeds

Author

Christine Le Signor, Julia Buitink, Valérie Labas, Jean Marie Prosperi, Delphine Aime, Jérôme Gouzy, Judith Burstin, Olivier Leprince, Karine Gallardo, Richard D. Thompson, Nevin D. Young, Amandine Bordat, Maya Belghazi, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Centre de recherche en neurobiologie - neurophysiologie de Marseille (CRN2M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire des interactions plantes micro-organismes (LIPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, French National Research Agency : ANR-06-GPLA-0008, ANR-09-GENM-026, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Biologie du fruit et pathologie ( BFP ), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Centre de recherche en neurobiologie - neurophysiologie de Marseille ( CRN2M ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] ( PRC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Interactions plantes-microorganismes et santé végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales ( UMR AGAP ), Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences ( IRHS ), Université d'Angers ( UA ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cornell University [New York], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Angers (UA), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Proteomics, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Candidate gene, [ SDV.BV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, protein quantity loci (PQL), Globulin, Physiology, legumes, Plant Science, Chromatin remodeling, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Botany, Medicago truncatula, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), vegetable, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional, Gene Regulatory Networks, Gene, Transcription factor, [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Plant Proteins, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, seed proteome, amélioration génétique, biology, Pisum sativum (pea), Seed Storage Proteins, Peas, food and beverages, légume, biology.organism_classification, Protein Transport, 030104 developmental biology, Vicilin, Mutation, Seeds, biology.protein, qualité des semences, semence, globulins, Genome-Wide Association Study, Transcription Factors
Abstract

AGAP : équipe GE2pop; Improving nutritional seed quality is an important challenge in grain legume breeding. However, the genes controlling the differential accumulation of globulins, which are major contributors to seed nutritional value in legumes, remain largely unknown. We combined a search for protein quantity loci with genome-wide association studies on the abundance of 7S and 11S globulins in seeds of the model legume species Medicago truncatula. Identified genomic regions and genes carrying polymorphisms linked to globulin variations were then cross-compared with pea (Pisum sativum), leading to the identification of candidate genes for the regulation of globulin abundance in this crop. Key candidates identified include genes involved in transcription, chromatin remodeling, post-translational modifications, transport and targeting of proteins to storage vacuoles. Inference of a gene coexpression network of 12 candidate transcription factors and globulin genes revealed the transcription factor ABA-insensitive 5 (ABI5) as a highly connected hub. Characterization of loss-of-function abi5 mutants in pea uncovered a role for ABI5 in controlling the relative abundance of vicilin, a sulfur-poor 7S globulin, in pea seeds. This demonstrates the feasibility of using genome-wide association studies in M. truncatula to reveal genes that can be modulated to improve seed nutritional value.

Published
2017
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11. The role of sulfur in the control of seed quality traits in legumes: from model to crop species

Author

Christine Le Signor, Charlotte Henriet, Julia Buitink, Young, Nevin D., Jean-Marie Prosperi, Vanessa Vernoud, Gregoire Aubert, Olivier Leprince, Richard Thompson, Judith Burstin, Karine Gallardo-Guerrero, ProdInra, Migration, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Department of plant pathology, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences
Abstract

National audience; voir pdf

Published
2017

12. D’un répertoire de gènes contrôlant la composition protéique des graines des légumineuses vers de nouveaux profils protéiques

Author

Christine Le Signor, Delphine Aime, Myriam Sanchez, Julia Buitink, Young, Nevin D., Jean-Marie Prosperi, Olivier Leprince, Charlotte Henriet, Gregoire Aubert, Vanessa Vernoud, Richard Thompson, Judith Burstin, Karine Gallardo, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Department of plant pathology, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA). FRA.

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2017

13. A protein quantity loci approach combined with a genome-wide association study revealed regulators of protein accumulation in legume seeds

Author

Christine Le Signor, Delphine Aime, Young, N. D., Jean-Marie Prosperi, Richard Thompson, Julia Buitink, Judith Burstin, Karine Gallardo-Guerrero, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Department of Plant Biology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Angers (UA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales ( UMR AGAP ), Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences ( IRHS ), Université d'Angers ( UA ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University = Kongelige Veterinær- og Landbohøjskole (KVL ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Legume Society.

Subjects
[ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], food and beverages
Abstract

BAPGEAPSI; The seeds of grain legumes provide proteins (20-40% protein content depending on species) for human nutrition and animal feed. The nutritional and technological quality of legume seeds is mainly determined by the composition and functional properties of the seed protein fractions. By accounting for up to 70% of total proteins in mature seeds, the globulins are major determinants of seed quality. In pea, which is one of the grain legumes most cultivated in Europe, the variability in the abundance of globulin polypeptides across lines is significant, which might enable a wide range of food application. To provide knowledge about the molecular determinants underlying differences in seed protein composition, we have used the model legume species M. truncatula for which extensive genetics and genomics resources were available (Young and Bharti, 2012), along with comprehensive transcriptomics data related to seed development (Benedito et al., 2008; Thompson et al., 2009). A PQL approach identified the genomic regions controlling variations in seed protein composition, and a translational approach exploiting the resources developed for M. truncatula and pea provided a set of candidate genes underlying PQLs conserved between the two species. The candidate gene selection was then refined by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which enabled the identification of nucleotide variations associated with variations in globulin synthesis and/or maturation.

Published
2016

14. Quantitative trait loci analysis reveals a correlation between the ratio of sucrose/raffinose family oligosaccharides and seed vigour in Medicago truncatula

Author

Anis M. Limami, Olivier Leprince, Pascale Satour, Béatrice Teulat-Merah, Laure Viau, Lydie Ledroit, Sandra Pelletier, Thierry Huguet, Nicole Payet, Julia Buitink, Camille Lebras, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Karine Gallardo, Céline Vandecasteele, Benoit Ly Vu, and Marie-Christine Morère-Le Paven

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, Physiology, food and beverages, Plant Science, Biology, Quantitative trait locus, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Medicago truncatula, Stachyose, Hypocotyl, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Seedling, Germination, Botany, Radicle, Raffinose, 030304 developmental biology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Seed vigour is important for successful establishment and high yield, especially under suboptimal environmental conditions. In legumes, raffinose oligosaccharide family (RFO) sugars have been proposed as an easily available energy reserve for seedling establishment. In this study, we investigated whether the composition or amount of soluble sugars (sucrose and RFO) is part of the genetic determinants of seed vigour of Medicago truncatula using two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for germination rate, hypocotyl and radicle growth under water deficit and nutritional stress, seed weight and soluble sugar content was performed using RIL populations LR1 and LR4. Seven of the 12 chromosomal regions containing QTL for germination rate or post-germinative radicle growth under optimal or stress conditions co-located with Suc/RFO QTL. A significant negative correlation was also found between seed vigour traits and Suc/RFO. In addition, one QTL that explained 80% of the variation in the ratio stachyose/verbascose co-located with a stachyose synthase gene whose expression profile in the parental lines could explain the variation in oligosaccharide composition. The correlation and co-location of Suc/RFO ratio with germination and radicle growth QTL suggest that an increased Suc/RFO ratio in seeds of M. truncatula might negatively affect seed vigour.

Published
2011
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15. Using a model-based framework for analysing genetic diversity during germination and heterotrophic growth of Medicago truncatula

Author

C. Dürr, S. Brunel, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Béatrice Teulat-Merah, M.-H. Wagner, T. Huguet, Physiologie Moléculaire des Semences (PMS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, SEED, Genotype, Range (biology), Germination, MESH: Germination, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Hypocotyl, EMERGENCE, WATER POTENTIAL, MESH: Genotype, 03 medical and health sciences, Medicago truncatula, Genetic variation, MESH: Water, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, MESH: Genetic Variation, Cultivar, MESH: Medicago truncatula, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, CORE COLLECTIONS, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, biology, Temperature, MODELLING, Genetic Variation, Water, Original Articles, ECOPHYSIOLOGIE, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Temperature, MESH: Seeds, Agronomy, Seedlings, Seedling, Seeds, MESH: Seedling, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The framework provided by an emergence model was used: (1) for phenotyping germination and heterotrophic growth of Medicago truncatula in relation to two major environmental factors, temperature and water potential; and (2) to evaluate the extent of genetic differences in emergence-model parameters. METHODS: Eight cultivars and natural accessions of M. trunculata were studied. Germination was recorded from 5 to 30 degrees C and from 0 to -0.75 MPa, and seedling growth from 10 to 20 degrees C. KEY RESULTS: Thermal time to reach 50 % germination was very short (15 degrees Cd) and almost stable between genotypes, while base temperature (2-3 degrees C) and base water potential for germination (-0.7 to -1.3 MPa) varied between genotypes. Only 35 degrees Cd after germination were required to reach 30 mm hypocotyl length with significant differences among genotypes. Base temperature for elongation varied from 5.5 to 7.5 degrees C. Low temperatures induced a general shortening of the seedling, with some genotypes more responsive than others. No relationship with initial seed mass or seed reserve distribution was observed, which might have explained differences between genotypes and the effects of low temperatures. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides a set of reference values for M. trunculata users. The use of the ecophysiological model allows comparison of these values between such non-crop species and other crops. It has enabled phenotypic variability in response to environmental conditions related to the emergence process to be identified. The model will allow simulation of emergence differences between genotypes in a range of environments using these parameter values. Genomic tools available for the model species M. trunculata will make it possible to analyse the genetic and molecular determinants of these differences.

Published
2009
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16. AER1, a Major Gene Conferring Resistance to Aphanomyces euteiches in Medicago truncatula

Author

Alain Baranger, M. Hervé, Thierry Huguet, Angélique Lesné, Marie-Laure Pilet-Nayel, Jean-Marie Prosperi, R. Lecointe, Magalie Delalande, Christophe Jacquet, G. Deniot, I. Le Goff, Céline Hamon, Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales (APBV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Diversité et adaptation des plantes cultivées (UMR DIAPC), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Amélioration des Plantes (LBAP), Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax (CBS), Evolution des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Surfaces Cellulaires et Signalisation chez les Végétaux (SCSV), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Genetic Linkage, APHANOMYCES EUTEICHES, Locus (genetics), Plant Science, Aphanomyces, Plant disease resistance, Genes, Plant, 01 natural sciences, Chromosomes, Plant, 03 medical and health sciences, Medicago truncatula, Botany, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Gene, Plant Diseases, Plant Proteins, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, Comparative genomics, Oomycete, 0303 health sciences, biology, fungi, Chromosome Mapping, food and beverages, Genomics, biology.organism_classification, Major gene, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, Aphanomyces euteiches, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Pilet-Nayel, M.-L., Prosperi, J.-M., Hamon, C., Lesne, A., Lecointe, R., Le Goff, I., Herve, M., Deniot, G., Delalande, M., Huguet, T., Jacquet, C., and Baranger, A. 2009. AER1, a major gene conferring resistance to Aphanomyces euteiches in Medicago truncatula. Phytopathology 99:203208. Aphanomyces euteiches is a major soilborne oomycete pathogen that infects various legume species, including pea and alfalfa. The model legume Medicago truncatula has recently emerged as a valuable genetic system for understanding the genetic basis of resistance to A. euteiches in leguminous crops. The objective of this study was to identify genetic determinants of resistance to a broad host-range pea-infecting strain of A. euteiches in M. truncatula. Two M. truncatula segregating populations of 178 F5 recombinant inbred lines and 200 F3 families from the cross F83005.5 (susceptible) × DZA045.5 (resistant) were screened for resistance to A. euteiches. Phenotypic distributions observed suggested a dominant monogenic control of resistance. A major locus associated with resistance to A. euteiches, namely AER1, was mapped by bulk segregant analysis to a terminal end of chromosome 3 in M. truncatula and explained 88% of the phenotypic variation. AER1 was identified in a resistance-gene-rich region, where resistance gene analogs and genes associated with disease resistance phenotypes have been identified. Discovery of AER1 opens up new prospects for improving resistance to A. euteiches in cultivated legumes using a comparative genomics approach.

Published
2009
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17. How multilocus genotypic pattern helps to understand the history of selfing populations: a case study in Medicago truncatula

Author

Joëlle Ronfort, Isabelle Bonnin, M. Siol, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Diversité et adaptation des plantes cultivées (UMR DIAPC), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) (GQE-Le Moulon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Heterozygote, POPULATION STRUCTURE, Genotype, MICROSATELLITE, Population, Population genetics, Outcrossing, Genes, Plant, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, SELFING RATE, Genetics, education, Alleles, Genetics (clinical), 030304 developmental biology, Isolation by distance, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, education.field_of_study, biology, ALLOZYME, Selfing, HISTOIRE, biology.organism_classification, Medicago truncatula, Natural population growth, GENETIC DIVERSITY, GENETIQUE DES POPULATIONS, MEDICAGO TRUNCATULA, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract

International audience; The occurrence of populations exhibiting high genetic diversity in predominantly selfing species remains a puzzling question, since under regular selfing genetic diversity is expected to be depleted at a faster rate than under outcrossing. Fine-scale population genetics approaches may help to answer this question. Here we study a natural population of the legume Medicago truncatula in which both the fine-scale spatial structure and the selfing rate are characterized using three different methods. Selfing rate estimates were very high (B99%) irrespective of the method used. A clear pattern of isolation by distance reflecting small seed dispersal distances was detected. Combining genotypic data over loci, we could define 34 multilocus genotypes. Among those, six highly inbred genotypes (lines) represented more than 75% of the individuals studied and harboured all the allelic variation present in the population. We also detected a large set of multilocus genotypes resembling recombinant inbred lines between the most frequent lines occurring in the population. This finding illustrates the importance of rare recombination in redistributing available allelic diversity into new genotypic combinations. This study shows how multilocus and fine-scale spatial analyses may help to understand the population history of self-fertilizing species, especially to make inferences about the relative role of foundation/migration and recombination events in such populations

Published
2008
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18. Adaptation to climate through flowering phenology: a case study in Medicago truncatula

Author

Maxime Bonhomme, Jean Marie Prosperi, Nevin D. Young, Peter Tiffin, Nathalie Chantret, Concetta Burgarella, Joëlle Ronfort, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Evolution des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Department of plant pathology, INRA (French National Institute of Agronomical Research) Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, ARCAD, a flagship project of the Agropolis Foundation, NSF : 1237993, French laboratory of excellence project (LABEX) 'TULIP' : ANR-10-LABX-41, ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), ANR-10-LABX-0001,AGRO,Agricultural Sciences for sustainable Development(2010), Burgarella, Concetta, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Candidate gene, association genetics, Acclimatization, Climate, mixed model, Quantitative Trait Loci, climate adaptation, Flowers, flowering time, candidate genes, Biology, Quantitative trait locus, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, adaptation au climat, 03 medical and health sciences, Africa, Northern, Genetic variation, Genetics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Models, Genetic, floraison, Ecology, Phenology, fungi, food and beverages, medicago truncatula, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Phenotype, phénologie, Medicago truncatula, Agricultural sciences, Europe, Genetics, Population, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, Multigene Family, Trait, Adaptation, Sciences agricoles
Abstract

AGAP : équipe GEpop; International audience; Local climatic conditions likely constitute an important selective pressure on genes underlying important fitness-related traits such as flowering time and in many species flowering phenology and climatic gradients strongly covary. To test whether climate shapes genetic variation on flowering time genes and to identify candidate flowering genes involved in the adaptation to environmental heterogeneity, we used a large M. truncatula core collection to examine the association between nucleotide polymorphisms at 224 candidate genes and both climate variables and flowering phenotypes. Unlike genome-wide studies, candidate gene approaches are expected to enrich for the number of meaningful trait associations because they specifically target genes that are known to affect the trait of interest. We found that flowering time mediates adaptation to climatic conditions mainly by variation at genes located upstream in the flowering pathways, close to the environmental stimuli. Variables related to the annual precipitation regime reflected selective constraints on flowering time genes better than the other variables tested (temperature, altitude, latitude or longitude). By comparing phenotype and climate associations, we identified 12 flowering genes as the most promising candidates responsible for phenological adaptation to climate. Four of these genes were located in the known flowering time QTL region on chromosome 7. However, climate and flowering associations also highlighted largely distinct gene sets, suggesting different genetic architectures for adaptation to climate and flowering onset.

Published
2016
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19. Potential implications of climate change on aegilops species distribution: sympatry of these crop wild relatives with the major european crop triticum aestivum and conservation issues

Author

Jean-Marie Prosperi, Jacques David, Marie-France Ostrowski, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Ministere de l'Enseignement et de la Recherche Ministere de l'Agriculture, France

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Sympatry, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Atmospheric Science, Heredity, Acclimatization, Species distribution, Invasive Species, lcsh:Medicine, Plant Science, Plant Genetics, 01 natural sciences, Invasive species, Gene flow, Geographical Locations, lcsh:Science, Triticum, Climatology, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, Geography, Ecology, biology, Agriculture, Plants, Agricultural sciences, Europe, Phylogeography, Biogeography, Wheat, Aegilops, Research Article, Gene Flow, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecological Metrics, Climate Change, Climate change, Crops, Poaceae, Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, Species Colonization, Species Specificity, Genetics, Grasses, triticum aestivum, Crop Genetics, Evolutionary Biology, Population Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Species diversity, Species Diversity, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 13. Climate action, People and Places, Earth Sciences, lcsh:Q, adaptation au changement climatique, Species richness, Population Genetics, Sciences agricoles, Crop Science, Cereal Crops, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

AGAP : équipe GE2pop; International audience; Gene flow from crop to wild relatives is a common phenomenon which can lead to reduced adaptation of the wild relatives to natural ecosystems and/or increased adaptation to agro-systems (weediness). With global warming, wild relative distributions will likely change, thus modifying the width and/ or location of co-occurrence zones where crop-wild hybridization events could occur (sympatry). This study investigates current and 2050 projected changes in sympatry levels between cultivated wheat and six of the most common Aegilops species in Europe. Projections were generated using MaxEnt on presence-only data, bioclimatic variables, and considering two migration hypotheses and two 2050 climate scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Overall, a general decline in suitable climatic conditions for Aegilops species outside the European zone and a parallel increase in Europe were predicted. If no migration could occur, the decline was predicted to be more acute outside than within the European zone. The potential sympatry level in Europe by 2050 was predicted to increase at a higher rate than species richness, and most expansions were predicted to occur in three countries, which are currently among the top four wheat producers in Europe: Russia, France and Ukraine. The results are also discussed with regard to conservation issues of these crop wild relatives.

Published
2016
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20. Domestication history in the Medicago sativa species complex: inferences from nuclear sequence polymorphism

Author

Charles Poncet, M. H. Muller, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Sylvain Santoni, and Joëlle Ronfort

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Species complex, Mitochondrial DNA, education.field_of_study, Population, 15. Life on land, Subspecies, Biology, 01 natural sciences, DNA sequencing, Coalescent theory, 03 medical and health sciences, Medicago sativa, Domestication, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

DNA sequence polymorphism carries genealogical information and allows for testing hypotheses on selection and population history, especially through coalescent-based analysis. Understanding the evolutionary forces at work in plant domestication and subsequent selection is of critical importance for the management of genetic resources. In this study, we surveyed DNA sequence diversity at two assumed neutral nuclear loci in the wild-domesticated species complex of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). A high level of polymorphism was detected. The domesticated pool contains on average 31% less diversity than the wild pool, but with a high heterogeneity among loci. Coalescent simulations of the domestication process showed that this result cannot be explained by assuming a constant population size but is rather consistent with a demographic bottleneck during domestication. A very low level of divergence was detected between the wild and the domesticated forms as well as between the related subspecies of the M. sativa species complex. However, the originality of the Spanish wild populations, already observed based on mitochondrial DNA polymorphism, was confirmed. These results, together with patterns of intrapopulation polymorphism, suggest that nuclear sequence polymorphism could be a promising tool, complementary to mitochondrial DNA and phenotypic evaluations, to investigate historical demographic and evolutionary processes.

Published
2006
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21. Development and composition of the seeds of nine genotypes of the Medicago truncatula species complex

Author

Christine Rochat, Christophe Salon, Arnaud Lechevalier, Jean-Pierre Boutin, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Nadia Djemel, Delphine Guedon, Martine Miquel, UMR 0102 - Unité de Recherche Génétique et Ecophysiologie des Légumineuses, Génétique et Ecophysiologie des Légumineuses à Graines (UMRLEG) (UMR 102), Etablissement National d'Enseignement Supérieur Agronomique de Dijon (ENESAD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Etablissement National d'Enseignement Supérieur Agronomique de Dijon (ENESAD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Biologie des Semences (LBS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA P-G), Diversité et génomes des plantes cultivées (UMR DGPC), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Genotype, Nitrogen, Physiology, Starch, Oligosaccharides, Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Stachyose, Endosperm, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Medicago truncatula, Botany, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Genetics, Storage protein, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Amino Acids, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Legume, Plant Proteins, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Fatty Acids, fungi, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Vicia faba, chemistry, Seeds, Desiccation, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

The seed development and composition of Medicago truncatula Gaertn., the new model plant for grain legumes, was studied using nine genotypes of the species complex: M. truncatula–Medicago littoralis (M. truncatula). The seed development of M. truncatula was very similar to that of other legumes, the only notable exception being the presence, in the mature seed, of an endosperm layer that is absent in grain legumes. During early embryogenesis and until mid-maturation, transient storage of starch occurred in the seed coat and embryo. This temporary storage probably contributed to the early development of the embryo and reserve synthesis. During maturation the synthesis and accumulation of proteins and oil took place at quasi-constant rates. Conversely oligosaccharides, mainly stachyose, were synthesised only during late maturation and at the beginning of desiccation. Proteins represented the major class of storage compounds and their average amino acid composition was found to be very close to that of pea and robust in various environmental conditions. Similar compositions between the two species and other grain legumes were also found for the fatty acids and the soluble sugars; most of these characters varied depending on the various environmental conditions used for seed production. All these similarities fully justify the use of M. truncatula as a model plant for genomic approaches to grain legume improvement. The major difference between M. truncatula seeds and European grain legume seeds resides in the nature of their carbon storage namely triacylglycerides for M. truncatula and starch for pea and faba bean. © 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.

Published
2005
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22. Ecological distribution and species diversity of Aegilops L. genus in Bulgaria

Author

Maria Zaharieva, Philippe Monneveux, and Jean-Marie Prosperi

Subjects
Aegilops geniculata, Ecology, biology, Range (biology), Aegilops cylindrica, Biodiversity, Species diversity, biology.organism_classification, Aegilops longissima, Botany, Aegilops, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Hybrid
Abstract

The genus Aegilops has an important potential utilization in wheat improvement because of its resistance to different biotic and abiotic stresses and close relation with the cultivated wheat. Therefore, a better knowledge of the eco-geographical distribution of Aegilops species and their collection and conservation are required. A total of 297 Aegilops accessions representing nine (five tetraploid and four diploid) species were collected in different regions of Bulgaria, and the ecological characteristics of the 154 explored sites were recorded. The distribution of the diploid species (Ae. caudata L., Ae. speltoides Tausch, Ae. umbellulata Zhuk. and Ae. comosa Sibth. and Sm.) was limited to specific environments in south-central Bulgaria. Tetraploid species were present in harsher environments than diploid species and showed wider adaptation and distribution. Species–environment relationships were analysed by considering the worldwide distribution of the species and their physiological resistance to abiotic stress. Aegilops cylindrica Host was more frequently found in northern Bulgaria and at high altitudes. Its distribution was closely related to its tolerance to low temperatures. Aegilops geniculata Roth and Ae. neglecta Req. ex Bertol. were absent in the north of Bulgaria, but widely distributed in low rainfall areas. Aegilops neglecta, more frost resistant than Ae. geniculata, was present at higher altitude. Aegilops biuncialis Vis. and Ae. triuncialis L. showed adaptation to a wide range of climatic conditions. The study of Aegilops species ecology and distribution in Bulgaria provided useful information for the future collection and for the genetic resource management in this region.

Published
2004
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23. How mitochondrial DNA diversity can help to understand the dynamics of wild-cultivated complexes. The case of Medicago sativa in Spain

Author

M. H. Muller, Joëlle Ronfort, Sylvain Santoni, and Jean-Marie Prosperi

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, Mitochondrial DNA, Seed dispersal, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Gene flow, 03 medical and health sciences, Evolutionary biology, Botany, Genetics, Genetic exchange, Gene pool, Restriction fragment length polymorphism, Medicago sativa, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

In order to clarify the relationships (genetic exchange and shared ancestry) between natural and cultivated populations of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in Spain, we investigated the patterns of mitochondrial DNA variation (characterized through restriction fragment length polymorphism) for 248 individuals in seven natural and six cultivated populations of this species. Mitochondrial variation was evidenced in both natural and cultivated populations of M. sativa. Among the seven mitotypes idengified in the species, two were specific of the natural populations, a result attesting the fact that the Spanish wild form of M. sativa is an original genetic pool compared to the cultivated one. Other mitotypes were observed in both natural and cultivated populations, suggesting the occurrence of gene flow through seeds from cultivated towards natural populations. Comparisons with previously gathered nuclear and phenotypic data give insights into the different evolutionary forces acting on the different kinds of Spanish natural populations examined so far.

Published
2001
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24. Evidence for gene flow between wild and cultivatedMedicago sativa(Leguminosae)based on allozyme markers andquantitative traits

Author

Jean-Marie Prosperi, Joe¨lle Ronfort, and Eric Jenczewski

Subjects
education.field_of_study, Natural selection, Population, food and beverages, Plant Science, Biology, Quantitative trait locus, Genetic differentiation, Gene flow, Evolutionary biology, Botany, Genetics, Gene pool, Medicago sativa, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Genetic differentiation between co-occurring crops and their wild relatives will be greatly modified by crop-to-weed gene flow and variation between human and natural selective pressures. The maintenance of original morphological features in most natural populations of Medicago sativa in Spain questions the relative extent of these antagonistic forces. In this paper, we measured and compared the pattern of population differentiation within and among the wild and cultivated gene pool with respect to both allozymes and quantitative traits. Patterns of diversity defined three kinds of natural populations. First, some populations were intermediate with respect to both allozymes and quantitative traits. This suggests that crop-to-weed gene flow may have created hybrid populations in some locations. Second, some populations were different from all the cultivated landraces with respect to both allozymes and quantitative traits. This probably results from variable gene flow in space and in time, due to demographic stochasticity in either natural or cultivated populations. Third, differentiation from cultivated landraces was only achieved for the quantitative traits but not for allozymes in two populations. This suggests that natural selection in some locations may oppose gene flow to establish cultivated traits into the natural introgressed populations.

Published
1999
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25. High-density genome-wide association mapping implicates an F-box encoding gene in Medicago truncatula resistance to Aphanomyces euteiches

Author

Marie-Laure Pilet-Nayel, Hélène Navier, Ahmed Hajri, Joëlle Ronfort, Maxime Bonhomme, Christophe Jacquet, Concetta Burgarella, Peter Tiffin, Frédéric Debellé, Henri Miteul, Alain Baranger, Joann Mudge, Roman Briskine, Nathalie Chantret, Olivier André, Jean Marie Prosperi, Yacine Badis, Bernard Dumas, Nevin D. Young, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, National Center for Genome Resources, Laboratoire des interactions plantes micro-organismes (LIPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Plant Biology, CNRS, Universite Paul Sabatier, INRA, French Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-10-GENM-0007], US National Science Foundation [IOS-1237993], NGCR, Evolution des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), National center for genome resources (NCGR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Interactions Microbiennes dans la Rhizosphère et les Racines, ANR-10-GENM-0007,Immunit-Ae,Diversité des composants génétiques et des mécanismes de résistance à Aphanomyces euteiches chez les légumineuses.(2010), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST

Subjects
Candidate gene, Genome-wide association study, F-box protein, Cytokinins, Transcription, Genetic, Physiology, health care facilities, manpower, and services, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], education, Colony Count, Microbial, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Locus (genetics), partial resistance, Ralstonia, Plant Science, Aphanomyces, Quantitative trait locus, Genes, Plant, Aphanomyces euteiches, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Medicago truncatula, oomycete, RNA, Messenger, Gene, health care economics and organizations, Disease Resistance, Plant Diseases, Plant Proteins, Genetics, biology, F-Box Proteins, Chromosome Mapping, biology.organism_classification, root, Up-Regulation, Mutation, Root Nodules, Plant, Signal Transduction, Transcription Factors
Abstract

Summary � The use of quantitative disease resistance (QDR) is a promising strategy for promoting durable resistance to plant pathogens, but genes involved in QDR are largely unknown. To identify genetic components and accelerate improvement of QDR in legumes to the root pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches, we took advantage of both the recently generated massive genomic data for Medicago truncatula and natural variation of this model legume. � A high-density (� 5.1 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed with both in vitro and glasshouse phenotyping data collected for 179 lines. � GWAS identified several candidate genes and pinpointed two independent major loci on the top of chromosome 3 that were detected in both phenotyping methods. Candidate SNPs in the most significant locus (r 2 = 23%) were in the promoter and coding regions of an F-box protein coding gene. Subsequent qRT-PCR and bioinformatic analyses performed on 20 lines demonstrated that resistance is associated with mutations directly affecting the interaction domain of the F-box protein rather than gene expression. � These results refine the position of previously identified QTL to specific candidate genes, suggest potential molecular mechanisms, and identify new loci explaining QDR against A. euteiches.

Published
2014
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26. Alfalfa domestication history, genetic diversity and genetic resources

Author

Jean-Marie Prosperi, Eric Jenczewski, Marie-Helene Muller, Stéphane Fourtier, Jean-Paul Sampoux, Joelle Ronfort, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Paolo Annicchiarico, and Bernadette Julier

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Vegetal Biology, molecular markers, medicago sativa, food and beverages, domestication des espèces, wild populations, luzerne, ressource génétique, Agricultural sciences, diffusion routes, genetic resources, diversité génétique, gene flow, morphological characterization, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, caractérisation morphologique, marqueur moléculaire, Biologie végétale, Sciences agricoles
Abstract

AGAP : GE²pop; The domestication history of alfalfa is poorly known. Here, we summarize recent results obtained from the investigation of the genetic diversity available in the Medicago sativa species complex, using different molecular markers and morphological characterization. We conclude that a large genetic diversity is still available in the wild form of the species, but original populations are restricted to a relatively small geographic area and in some instances submitted to gene flow from the cultivated form. A short description of the European genetic resources is presented.

Published
2014

27. Insight on segregation distortions in two intraspecific crosses between annual species of Medicago (Leguminosae)

Author

Michèle Ghérardi, Thierry Huguet, Isabelle Olivieri, Isabelle Bonnin, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Eric Jenczewski, UMR ENSAR-INRA, Station de Génétique Végétale et Amélioration des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), INRA-CNRS UMR 05, INRA-CNRS, Laboratoire des Ressources Génétiques et Amélioration des Luzernes Méditerranéennes, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ProdInra, Migration, Station d'amélioration des plantes, Laboratoire de Biologie moléculaire des relations plantes-microorganismes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales (APBV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Segregation distortion, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Intraspecific competition, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, RAPD, Medicago truncatula, Genotype, Genetics, Genome size, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Medicago, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, [SDE.BE.GP]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology/domain_sde.be.gp, DNA content, Evolutionary biology, Genetic marker, Medicago tornata, Mendelian inheritance, symbols, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany, Biotechnology
Abstract

International audience; About 40% (α=0.05) of the PCR-derived markers scored in a Medicago truncatula and M. tornata intraspecific cross departed from Mendelian expectations at α=0.05. This proportion is among the highest ever documented in the literature, notably for intraspecific crosses. Estimations of DNA amount were also implemented for the parental genotypes or parental lines, and significant variations were observed. Our results suggest that the parental genotypes have diverged for quite a while, and we propose that the level of distortion we documented is correlated with the genome size difference we measured.

Published
1997
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28. Use of translational genomics to identify genes important for legume seed filling

Author

Mélanie Noguero, Erfurth, Isabelle D., Christine Le Signor, Vanessa Vernoud, Jérôme Verdier, Gregoire Aubert, Julia Buitink, Jerome Gouzy, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Thierry Huguet, Judith Burstin, Karine Gallardo, Richard Thompson, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité mixte de recherche interactions plantes-microorganismes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
translational genomics, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, fungi, legume seed filling, food and beverages, medicago truncatula, [SDV.IDA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, model species, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [SDV.BDD] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, sequencing genome, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract

International audience; Translational genomics, i.e., the transfer of genetic information from model species to cultivated crops, is on the brink of revolutionizing plant breeding. The recent publication of genomic sequences for several cultivated legumes is also accelerating this process. For pea, recent highthroughput RNA sequencing, and the prospect of a genome sequencing project, will further accelerate the transfer of information from the Medicago truncatula model to the cultivated crop. We have been using genomics approaches with Medicago as a tool to identify key genes determining seed yield and composition in closely related legumes. Analyses of the proteome and transcriptome of the component tissues of the developing seed revealed extensive compartmentalization of gene expression and metabolic activities. Using a TF (Transcription Factor) qRT-PCR platform and the Affymetrix Gene Chip, TFs specific for each seed tissue were identified, along with putative target genes. These TFs have been located on the M. truncatula genetic map and correlations between map positions of TF loci and QTLs for protein quantities and other seed phenotypes were detected. These correlations can be recently confirmed in numerous cases by the existence of similar QTLs at syntenic positions in pea. Two genes, both specifically expressed in the developing endosperm, have received particular attention. One of the genes encodes a DOF class transcription factor, whose mutant phenotype severely affects endosperm development. The second gene encodes an endosperm-specific subtilase (SBT1.1), which affects final seed weight. MiRNAs constitute another level of gene regulation whose importance in the developing seed is beginning to become apparent. We have recently started to compare the sRNA profiles of developing M. truncatula and pea seeds and preliminary results will be presented.

Published
2013

29. Genetic Markers and Quantitative Genetic Variation in Medicago truncatula (Leguminosae): A Comparative Analysis of Population Structure

Author

Isabelle Olivieri, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Isabelle Bonnin, Laboratoire des Ressources Génétiques et Amélioration des Luzernes Méditerranéennes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Genetic Markers, 0106 biological sciences, Investigations, Quantitative trait locus, Genes, Plant, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Gene flow, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic drift, Genetic variation, Genetics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Natural selection, biology, Genetic Variation, Selfing, biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, Medicago truncatula, Genetics, Population, [SDE.BE.GP]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology/domain_sde.be.gp, Genetic marker, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Medicago sativa
Abstract

Two populations of the selfing annual Medicago truncatula Gaertn. (Leguminoseae), each subdivided into three subpopulations, were studied for both metric traits (quantitative characters) and genetic markers (random amplified polymorphic DNA and one morphological, single-locus marker). Hierarchical analyses of variance components show that (1) populations are more differentiated for quantitative characters than for marker loci, (2) the contribution of both within and among subpopulations components of variance to overall genetic variance of these characters is reduced as compared to markers, and (3) at the population level, within population structure is slightly but not significantly larger for markers than for quantitative traits. Under the hypothesis that most markers are neutral, such comparisons may be used to make hypotheses about the strength and heterogeneity of natural selection in the face of genetic drift and gene flow. We thus suggest that in these populations, quantitative characters are under strong divergent selection among populations, and that gene flow is restricted among populations and subpopulations.

Published
1996
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30. Single-nucleotide polymorphism discovery and diversity in the model legume Medicago truncatula

Author

Karine Loridon, Jérôme Gouzy, Nathalie Chantret, Frédéric Martins, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Concetta Burgarella, Joëlle Ronfort, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Plateforme GeT (Génome et Transcriptome), Génopole Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire des interactions plantes micro-organismes (LIPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Génome et Transcriptome - Plateforme Génomique (GeT-PlaGe), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Candidate gene, Genotype, Population, Molecular Sequence Data, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene Frequency, Medicago truncatula, Genetics, selfing, SNP, education, Allele frequency, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, DNA Primers, Demography, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Genetic diversity, biology, Base Sequence, Mediterranean Region, sequence diversity, food and beverages, Genetic Variation, Sequence Analysis, DNA, single-nucleotide polymorphism, biology.organism_classification, ascertainment bias, Genome, Plant, 010606 plant biology & botany, Biotechnology
Abstract

Extensive genomic resources are available in the model legume Medicago truncatula. Here, we present the discovery and design of the first array of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in M. truncatula through large-scale Sanger resequencing of genomic fragments spanning the genome, in a diverse panel of 16 M. truncatula accessions. Both anonymous fragments and fragments targeting candidate genes for flowering phenology and symbiosis were surveyed for nucleotide variation in almost 230 kb of unique genomic regions. A set of 384 SNP markers was designed for an Illumina's GoldenGate assay, genotyped on a collection of 192 inbred lines (CC192) representing the geographical range of the species and used to survey the diversity of two natural populations. Finally, 86% of the tested SNPs were of high quality and exhibited polymorphism in the CC192 collection. Even at the population level, we detected polymorphism for more than 50% of the selected SNPs. Analysis of the allele frequency spectrum in the CC192 showed a reduced ascertainment bias, mostly limited to very rare alleles (frequency

Published
2013
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31. A high-density genetic map of the Medicago truncatula major freezing tolerance QTL on chromosome 6 reveals colinearity with a QTL related to freezing damage on Pisum sativum linkage group VI

Author

Jean-Marie Prosperi, Isabelle Lejeune-Hénaut, Bruno Delbreil, Nasser Bahrman, Nadim Tayeh, Rosemonde Devaux, Aurélie Bluteau, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux Cultivés (SADV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Domaine expérimental de Brunehaut (LILL MONS UE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1281 SADV, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux Cultivés ( SADV ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Domaine expérimental de Brunehaut ( LILL MONS UE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales ( UMR AGAP ), Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), and Delbreil, Bruno

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [ SDV.BV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, carte génétique, lotus-japonicus, Glycine max, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Plant Science, winter hardiness, 01 natural sciences, genomic, Sativum, Biologie de la reproduction, Medicago, Quantitative trait locus (QTL), [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Genetics, Reproductive Biology, 0303 health sciences, Vegetal Biology, biology, truncatula, food and beverages, frost tolerance, medicago truncatula, legume, congelation, Medicago truncatula, Agricultural sciences, [ SDV.BDLR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, Alimentation et Nutrition, Biotechnology, Freezing tolerance, Quantitative trait locus, légumineuse, Synteny, Pisum, 03 medical and health sciences, vicia-faba, Botany, evolution, Food and Nutrition, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Molecular Biology, Pisum sativum, 030304 developmental biology, Whole genome sequencing, stress abiotique, quantitative trait loci, seed weight, locations, model, Abiotic stress, Chromosome, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, biology.organism_classification, génie génétique, Agronomy and Crop Science, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Sciences agricoles, Biologie végétale, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Freezing is one of the most serious abiotic stress factors that affect cool-season legumes. It limits species geographic distribution and causes severe yield losses. Improving tolerance to freezing has long been a main concern for legume breeders. Medicago truncatula Gaertn. has been selected as a model species for legume biology. Various studies have shown significant macrosynteny between M. truncatula and agronomically important crop legumes. A major freezing tolerance quantitative trait locus (QTL), herein referred to as Mt-FTQTL6, was previously identified on M. truncatula chromosome 6. The physical location of this QTL was determined in this study and its corresponding chromosomal interval was enriched with additional markers. Markers were first developed using the draft sequence of M. truncatula euchromatin (release versions Mt3.0 and Mt3.5). Because Mt-FTQTL6 was found to coincide with an assembly gap, the Glycine max (L.) Merr. genome sequence was also used to generate markers. Five Mt-FTQTL6-linked markers were found to be common to a region on Pisum sativum L. linkage group VI harboring a QTL for freezing damage. A subset of markers was tested for transferability across 11 additional legume species. This study lays the groundwork for identifying the molecular basis of Mt-FTQTL6. Cross-legume markers will be useful in future efforts aiming to investigate the conservation of Mt-FTQTL6 in cool-season legumes and subsequently the existence of common mechanisms for response to freezing between M. truncatula and crop legumes.

Published
2013
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32. Genetic variability of tolerance to Verticillium albo-atrum and Verticillium dahliae in Medicago truncatula

Author

Asa Ebrahimi, Cécile Ben, Pierre Maury, Jean-Marie Prosperi, M. Rickauer, A. Sarrafi, A. Negahi, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Agrosystèmes Cultivés et Herbagers (ARCHE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, West Tehran Islamic Azad University [Tehran] (WTIAU), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Science, Horticulture, host-pathogen interaction, 01 natural sciences, susceptibility, Crop, resistance, 03 medical and health sciences, Genotype, non-host, Genetic variability, Verticillium dahliae, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, disease, biology, Inoculation, fungi, food and beverages, Verticillium, biology.organism_classification, Medicago truncatula, Agronomy, vascular wilt, Verticillium wilt, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium albo-atrum and Verticillium dahliae is responsible for yield losses in many economically important crops. The capacity of pathogenic fungi to adapt to new hosts is a well-known threat to the durability of resistant crop varieties. In the present work, 25 Medicago truncatula genotypes from a core collection and six V. albo-atrum and V. dahliae strains were used to study the potential of non-host Verticillium strains isolated from different plant species to infect this legume plant and the plant's susceptibility to the pathogens. The experiment was designed as factorial with randomised complete blocks and with three repetitions. The wilt symptoms caused by V. albo-atrum and V. dahliae were scored on a disease index scale from 0 to 4, during 30 days after inoculation of 10-day-old plantlets. Disease severity was quantified by maximum symptom scores (MSS) and areas under the disease progress curves (AUDPC), which integrate the time course of symptom development. Highly significant differences were observed among plant genotypes and fungal strains, and their interaction was also significant. The correlation between MSS and AUDPC was 0.86. The most severe symptoms were caused by the alfalfa strain V. albo-atrum V31-2 and the least severe by V. dahliae JR2, as shown by mean values obtained on the 25 genotypes. M. truncatula genotype TN8.3 was the most susceptible genotype by mean values obtained with the six fungal strains, whereas F11013-3, F83005.9 and DZA45.6 were highly resistant to all strains studied. The results can be used to choose parents for studying the genetics of resistance in Medicago truncatula to Verticillium strains with different levels of aggressiveness.

Published
2013
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33. Natural diversity in the model legume Medicago truncatula allows identifying distinct genetic mechanisms conferring partial resistance to Verticillium wilt

Author

Sara Montanari, Dominique Noël, Marie-Christine Gras, M. Rickauer, Thierry Huguet, Bernadette Julier, Marie-Laure Pilet-Nayel, Alain Baranger, Guillaume Mathieu, Cécile Ben, Laurent Gentzbittel, Marie-Claire Tardin, Laure Saint-Pierre, Magalie Fervel, Maoulida Toueni, Azam Negahi, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre de Recherche Le Bourg, (R2n), Barenbrug, Centre de recherches Le Bourg, Ctr Rech Le Bourg, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Physiology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, nodulation mutants, Colony Count, Microbial, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, partial resistance, Plant Science, Plant disease resistance, Verticillium, 01 natural sciences, Models, Biological, Plant Root Nodulation, Plant Roots, Chromosomes, Plant, Rhizobia, 03 medical and health sciences, Symbiosis, Xylem, Botany, Medicago truncatula, Inbreeding, Medicago sativa, 030304 developmental biology, Disease Resistance, Plant Diseases, biodiversity, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, biology, fungi, Genetic Variation, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Verticillium albo-atrum, root disease, vascular wilt, Host-Pathogen Interactions, quantitative trait loci, vascular wit, Verticillium wilt, 010606 plant biology & botany, Research Paper
Abstract

International audience; Verticillium wilt is a major threat to alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and many other crops. The model legume Medicago truncatula was used as a host for studying resistance and susceptibility to Verticillium albo-atrum. In addition to presenting well-established genetic resources, this wild plant species enables to investigate biodiversity of the response to the pathogen and putative crosstalk between disease and symbiosis. Symptom scoring after root inoculation and modelling of disease curves allowed assessing susceptibility levels in recombinant lines of three crosses between susceptible and resistant lines, in a core collection of 32 lines, and in mutants affected in symbiosis with rhizobia. A GFP-expressing V. albo-atrum strain was used to study colonization of susceptible plants. Symptoms and colonization pattern in infected M. truncatula plants were typical of Verticillium wilt. Three distinct major quantitative trait loci were identified using a multicross, multisite design, suggesting that simple genetic mechanisms appear to control Verticillium wilt resistance in M. truncatula lines A17 and DZA45.5. The disease functional parameters varied largely in lines of the core collection. This biodiversity with regard to disease response encourages the development of association genetics and ecological approaches. Several mutants of the resistant line, impaired in different steps of rhizobial symbiosis, were affected in their response to V. albo-atrum, which suggests that mechanisms involved in the establishment of symbiosis or disease might have some common regulatory control points.

Published
2013
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34. A role for an endosperm-localized subtilase in the control of seed size in legumes

Author

Virginie Bourion, Judith Burstin, Myriam Sanchez, Jeannine Lherminier, Abdelhafid Bendahmane, Grégoire Aubert, N. Bouteiller, C. Le Signor, Julia Buitink, Karine Gallardo, Isabelle d'Erfurth, Richard D. Thompson, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Vanessa Vernoud, Brigitte Darchy, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité de recherche en génomique végétale (URGV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Angers (UA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité de recherche en génomique végétale ( URGV ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne ( UEVE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences ( IRHS ), Université d'Angers ( UA ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales ( UMR AGAP ), and Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro )

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, TILLING, [ SDV.BV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Physiology, Quantitative Trait Loci, Mutant, Cell Count, Locus (genetics), Plant Science, Quantitative trait locus, Genes, Plant, 01 natural sciences, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Linkage Disequilibrium, Endosperm, endosperm, 03 medical and health sciences, tilling, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Medicago truncatula, Botany, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Subtilisins, seed size, Phylogeny, Plant Proteins, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Vegetal Biology, endosperme, biology, Ecotype, Peas, food and beverages, Embryo, légume, biology.organism_classification, Phenotype, Medicago truncatula (barrel medic), pisum sativum (pea), Mutation, Seeds, subtilase, Cell Division, Biologie végétale, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Here, we report a subtilase gene (SBT1.1) specifically expressed in the endosperm of Medicago truncatula and Pisum sativum seeds during development, which is located at a chromosomal position coinciding with a seed weight quantitative trait locus (QTL). Association studies between SBT1.1 polymorphisms and seed weights in ecotype collections provided further evidence for linkage disequilibrium between the SBT1.1 locus and a seed weight locus. To investigate the possible contribution of SBT1.1 to the control of seed weight, a search for TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes) mutants was performed. An inspection of seed phenotype revealed a decreased weight and area of the sbt1.1 mutant seeds, thus inferring a role of SBT1.1 in the control of seed size in the forage and grain legume species. Microscopic analyses of the embryo, representing the major part of the seed, revealed a reduced number of cells in the MtP330S mutant, but no significant variation in cell size. SBT1.1 is therefore most likely to be involved in the control of cotyledon cell number, rather than cell expansion, during seed development. This raises the hypothesis of a role of SBT1.1 in the regulation of seed size by providing molecules that can act as signals to control cell division within the embryo.

Published
2012
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35. Using a physiological framework for improving the detection of quantitative trait loci related to nitrogen nutrition in Medicago truncatula

Author

Thierry Huguet, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Judith Burstin, Christophe Salon, Nathalie G. Munier-Jolain, Delphine Moreau, Cécile Ben, Grégoire Aubert, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire Symbioses et Pathologies des Plantes, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales ( UMR AGAP ), and Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro )

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Candidate gene, QTL analysis, Genetic Linkage, Nitrogen assimilation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nitrate, nodulation, water-deficit, mutants, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, Chromosome Mapping, food and beverages, General Medicine, Medicago truncatula, ecophysiological model, Fixation (population genetics), Phenotype, aphanomyces-euteiches, functional genomics, Biotechnology, Nitrogen, Quantitative Trait Loci, Population, Quantitative trait locus, Genes, Plant, Chromosomes, Plant, resistance, 03 medical and health sciences, N-2 fixation, Botany, Genetics, nodule number, education, 030304 developmental biology, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], fungi, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Plant Leaves, chemistry, Agronomy, Epistasis, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

[i]Medicago truncatula[/i] is used as a model plant for exploring the genetic and molecular determinants of nitrogen (N) nutrition in legumes. In this study, our aim was to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling plant N nutrition using a simple framework of carbon/N plant functioning stemming from crop physiology. This framework was based on efficiency variables which delineated the plant's efficiency to take up and process carbon and N resources. A recombinant inbred line population (LR4) was grown in a glasshouse experiment under two contrasting nitrate concentrations. At low nitrate, symbiotic N-2 fixation was the main N source for plant growth and a QTL with a large effect located on linkage group (LG) 8 affected all the traits. Significantly, efficiency variables were necessary both to precisely localize a second QTL on LG5 and to detect a third QTL involved in epistatic interactions on LG2. At high nitrate, nitrate assimilation was the main N source and a larger number of QTL with weaker effects were identified compared to low nitrate. Only two QTL were common to both nitrate treatments: a QTL of belowground biomass located at the bottom of LG3 and another one on LG6 related to three different variables (leaf area, specific N uptake and aboveground:belowground biomass ratio). Possible functions of several candidate genes underlying QTL of efficiency variables could be proposed. Altogether, our results provided new insights into the genetic control of N nutrition in M. truncatula. For instance, a novel result for [i]M. truncatula[/i] was identification of two epistatic interactions in controlling plant N-2 fixation. As such this study showed the value of a simple conceptual framework based on efficiency variables for studying genetic determinants of complex traits and particularly epistatic interactions

Published
2012
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36. The roles if embryo-surrounding tissues in regulating Medicago truncatula seed filling

Author

Mélanie Noguero, Christine Le Signor, Jérôme Verdier, Gregoire Aubert, Udvardi, M. K., Julia Buitink, Jerome Gouzy, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Karine Gallardo Guerrero, Richard Thompson, UMR 0102 - Unité de Recherche Génétique et Ecophysiologie des Légumineuses, Génétique et Ecophysiologie des Légumineuses à Graines (UMRLEG) (UMR 102), Etablissement National d'Enseignement Supérieur Agronomique de Dijon (ENESAD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Etablissement National d'Enseignement Supérieur Agronomique de Dijon (ENESAD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Unité mixte de recherche interactions plantes-microorganismes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
EMBRYO-SURROUNDING TISSUES, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, MEDICAGO TRUNCATULA, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, SEED FILLING
Abstract

National audience

Published
2011

37. A complex genetic network involving a broad-spectrum locus and strain-specific loci controls resistance to different pathotypes of Aphanomyces euteiches in Medicago truncatula

Author

Anne Moussart, Bernard Tivoli, Isabelle Le Goff, Céline Hamon, Caroline Onfroy, Alain Baranger, Henri Miteul, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Marie-Laure Pilet-Nayel, Ronan Lecointe, Régine Delourme, Gwenaëlle Deniot, Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales (APBV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes (BIO3P), Diversité et adaptation des plantes cultivées (UMR DIAPC), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Genetic Markers, Genetic Linkage, Population, Molecular Sequence Data, Locus (genetics), Quantitative trait locus, Aphanomyces, Genes, Plant, 01 natural sciences, Chromosomes, Plant, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene interaction, Inbred strain, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Medicago truncatula, Genetics, Gene Regulatory Networks, GENETIQUE VEGETALE, education, Crosses, Genetic, 030304 developmental biology, Plant Diseases, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, biology, fungi, food and beverages, Chromosome Mapping, Epistasis, Genetic, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Immunity, Innate, Phenotype, Genetic Loci, Epistasis, Aphanomyces euteiches, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany, Biotechnology
Abstract

International audience; A higher understanding of genetic and genomic bases of partial resistance in plants and their diversity regarding pathogen variability is required for a more durable management of resistance genetic factors in sustainable cropping systems. In this study, we investigated the diversity of genetic factors involved in partial resistance to Aphanomyces euteiches, a very damaging pathogen on pea and alfalfa, in Medicago truncatula. A mapping population of 178 recombinant inbred lines, from the cross F83005.5 (susceptible) and DZA045.5 (resistant), was used to identify quantitative trait loci for resistance to four A. euteiches reference strains belonging to the four main pathotypes currently known on pea and alfalfa. A major broad-spectrum genomic region, previously named AER1, was localized to a reduced 440 kb interval on chromosome 3 and was involved in complete or partial resistance, depending on the A. euteiches strain. We also identified 21 additive and/or epistatic genomic regions specific to one or two strains, several of them being anchored to the M. truncatula physical map. These results show that, in M. truncatula, a complex network of genetic loci controls partial resistance to different pea and alfalfa pathotypes of A. euteiches, suggesting a diversity of molecular mechanisms underlying partial resistance.

Published
2009
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38. Génétique et post-génomique chez la légumineuse modèle M. truncatula pour disséquer le déterminisme moléculaire de la composition protéique des graines de légumineuses

Author

Karine Gallardo Guerrero, Amandine Bordat, Christine Le Signor, Gregoire Aubert, Delphine Aime, Vincent Savois, Marion Verdenaud, Jerome Gouzy, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Thierry Huguet, Céline Vandecasteele, Julia Buitink, Richard Thompson, Judith Burstin, UMR 0102 - Unité de Recherche Génétique et Ecophysiologie des Légumineuses, Génétique et Ecophysiologie des Légumineuses à Graines (UMRLEG) (UMR 102), Etablissement National d'Enseignement Supérieur Agronomique de Dijon (ENESAD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Etablissement National d'Enseignement Supérieur Agronomique de Dijon (ENESAD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité mixte de recherche interactions plantes-microorganismes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Physiologie Moléculaire des Semences (PMS), Institut National d'Horticulture-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Angers (UA), Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2009

39. The RAP1 gene confers effective, race-specific resistance to the pea aphid in Medicago truncatula independent of the hypersensitive reaction

Author

Jean-Marie Prosperi, Simon Hodge, Sophie Alice Stewart, John W. Mansfield, Glen Powell, Cécile Ben, Laurent Gentzbittel, Nurul Aina Ismail, Thierry Huguet, Bart J. Feys, Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Diversité et adaptation des plantes cultivées (UMR DIAPC), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Hypersensitive response, Genetic Markers, Physiology, Quantitative Trait Loci, Locus (genetics), Biology, CARTOGRAPHIE GENETIQUE, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Host-Parasite Interactions, 03 medical and health sciences, Inbred strain, Botany, Genotype, Medicago truncatula, Pseudomonas syringae, Animals, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, POIS ACYRTHOSIPHON P, 030304 developmental biology, Plant Diseases, 0303 health sciences, Aphid, LESIONS, food and beverages, General Medicine, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphids, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Contact: g.powell@imperial.ac.uk Publication Inra prise en compte dans l'analyse bibliométrique des publications scientifiques mondiales sur les Fruits, les Légumes et la Pomme de terre. Période 2000-2012. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/256699; International audience; Plant resistance to pathogens is commonly associated with a hypersensitive response (HR), but the degree to which the HR is responsible for incompatibility is subject to debate. Resistance to aphids is likely to share features with resistance to pathogens but is less well understood. Here, we report effective resistance to the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum in Medicago truncatula. Aphids lost weight and died rapidly (within two days) on the resistant genotype Jemalong, which developed necrotic lesions following infestation. Lesions were induced by nonvascular intracellular stylet punctures by aphids, remained localized to the site of stylet entry, stained for the presence of reactive oxygen species, and were similar to the HR induced by the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. The implication that aphid-induced lesions confer resistance was tested by quantitative trait loci analysis using recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Jemalong and the susceptible genotype DZA315.16. One major locus, RAP1, was identified that was sufficient to confer race-specific resistance against the pea aphid and was mapped to the middle of chromosome 3. Surprisingly, a separate locus, mapping to the top of chromosome 3, governed aphid-induced HR, indicating that the HR-like lesions are not required for RAP1-mediated aphid resistance

Published
2009
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40. Effective population size associated with self-fertilization: lessons from temporal changes in allele frequencies in the selfing annual Medicago truncatula

Author

M. Siol, Isabelle Olivieri, Isabelle Bonnin, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Joëlle Ronfort, Diversité et génomes des plantes cultivées (UMR DGPC), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) (GQE-Le Moulon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, microsatellite, Population, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene Frequency, Genetic drift, Effective population size, Medicago truncatula, Genetic variation, selfing, Allele, education, Allele frequency, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, Genetic Variation, Selfing, food and beverages, population structure, biology.organism_classification, [SDE.BE.GP]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology/domain_sde.be.gp, genetic drift, effective population size
Abstract

E-mail Addresses: siol@supagro.inra.fr; International audience; Despite its significance in evolutionary and conservation biology, few estimates of effective population size (N-e) are available in plant species. Self-fertilization is expected to affect N-e, through both its effect on homozygosity and population dynamics. Here, we estimated N-e using temporal variation in allele frequencies for two contrasted populations of the selfing annual Medicago truncatula: a large and continuous population and a subdivided population. Estimated N-e values were around 5-10% of the population census size suggesting that other factors than selfing must contribute to variation in allele frequencies. Further comparisons between monolocus allelic variation and changes in the multilocus genotypic composition of the populations show that the local dynamics of inbred lines can play an important role in the fluctuations of allele frequencies. Finally, comparing N-e estimates and levels of genetic variation suggest that H-e is a poor estimator of the contemporaneous variance effective population size.

Published
2007
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41. Identification of quantitative trait loci influencing aerial morphogenesis in the model legume Medicago truncatula

Author

Christian Huyghe, Thierry Huguet, Radia Ayadi, Bernadette Julier, Jean-Baptiste Pierre, Philippe Barre, Fabien Chardon, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Unité de recherche Génétique et Amélioration des Plantes Fourragères (UGAPF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Diversité et adaptation des plantes cultivées (UMR DIAPC), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Candidate gene, QTL, Plant genetics, Population, Quantitative Trait Loci, Locus (genetics), Quantitative trait locus, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Genetic correlation, Chromosomes, Plant, AERIAL MORPHOGENESIS, 03 medical and health sciences, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Genetic variation, Botany, Medicago truncatula, Genetics, education, Flowering Tops, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, MORPHOGENESE, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Plant Stems, fungi, food and beverages, Chromosome Mapping, General Medicine, Plant Components, Aerial, biology.organism_classification, GENE, Plant Leaves, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany, Biotechnology
Abstract

In many legume crops, especially in forage legumes, aerial morphogenesis defined as growth and development of plant organs, is an essential trait as it determines plant and seed biomass as well as forage quality (protein concentration, dry matter digestibility). Medicago truncatula is a model species for legume crops. A set of 29 accessions of M. truncatula was evaluated for aerial morphogenetic traits. A recombinant inbred lines (RILs) mapping population was used for analysing quantitative variation in aerial morphogenetic traits and QTL detection. Genes described to be involved in aerial morphogenetic traits in other species were mapped to analyse co-location between QTLs and genes. A large variation was found for flowering date, morphology and dynamics of branch elongation among the 29 accessions and within the RILs population. Flowering date was negatively correlated to main stem and branch length. QTLs were detected for all traits, and each QTL explained from 5.2 to 59.2% of the phenotypic variation. A QTL explaining a large part of genetic variation for flowering date and branch growth was found on chromosome 7. The other chromosomes were also involved in the variation detected in several traits. Mapping of candidate genes indicates a co-location between a homologue of Constans gene or a flowering locus T (FT) gene and the QTL of flowering date on chromosome 7. Other candidate genes for several QTLs are described.

Published
2006
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42. Morphologic and agronomic diversity of wild genetic resources of Medicago sativa L. collected in Spain

Author

Michel Angevain, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Eric Jenczewski, Joëlle Ronfort, Diversité et génomes des plantes cultivées (UMR DGPC), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales (APBV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Germplasm, DIVERSITY, ALFALFA, Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Gene flow, 03 medical and health sciences, Grazing, Genetics, GENE FLOW, Cultivar, AGRONOMIC TRAITS, Medicago sativa, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Medicago, Ecology, SPAIN, fungi, GENETIC RESOURCES, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, Ex situ conservation, biology.organism_classification, PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS, Agronomy, Habit (biology), Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Email: jean-marie.prosperi@supagro.inra.fr.; International audience; One hundred and three natural populations of Medicago L. were collected in Spain, mainly from roadsides, non-irrigated or grazed lands. This germplasm was evaluated at Montpellier (France) with control cultivars and Spanish landraces under completely random block design, replicated four times, and observed for 64 qualitative or quantitative characters. Differences between natural populations and cultivated controls are highly significant, but gene flow occurs between wild and cultivated compartment and hybrid populations were identified. On the basis of multivariable analysis, the accessions were grouped into four clusters depending on their proximity with the cultivated pool to facilitate their management and ex situ conservation. The relationship between environment of the site of collection and phenotypic characteristics of the natural populations was also discussed. Different policies of conservation of these genetic resources are suggested to avoid their disappearance even when they disappeared from the other regions of the western Mediterranean. Spanish wild pool of alfalfa, also called ‘Mielga’, appears of great interest for the breeding of alfalfa because it contains a large diversity of characteristics (prostrate habit, rhizomes) linked to tolerance to grazing or drought environment. With the need for more sustainable systems in agriculture, the erosion of natural habitats and the necessity for rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems, the importance of this wild pool is really inestimable

Published
2006
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43. Genetic diversity for seed protein composition in Meticago truncatula

Author

Christine Le Signor, Karine Gallardo-Guerrero, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Christophe Salon, Laurence Quillien, Richard Thompson, Duc, R., ProdInra, Migration, UMR 0102 - Unité de Recherche Génétique et Ecophysiologie des Légumineuses, Génétique et Ecophysiologie des Légumineuses à Graines (UMRLEG) (UMR 102), Etablissement National d'Enseignement Supérieur Agronomique de Dijon (ENESAD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Etablissement National d'Enseignement Supérieur Agronomique de Dijon (ENESAD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Domaine expérimental de Melgueil (MONTP MELGUEIL UE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biologie et Gestion des Adventices (BGA), Etablissement National d'Enseignement Supérieur Agronomique de Dijon (ENESAD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), UR 0724 Unité de recherche Biochimie et technologie des protéines, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Transformation des Produits Végétaux (T.P.V.)-Unité de recherche Biochimie et technologie des protéines (NANT LBTP)

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, VARIATION, [SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SDV.IDA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2005

44. Cytological, genetic, and molecular analysis to characterize compatible and incompatible interactions between Medicago truncatula and Colletotrichum trifolii

Author

Thierry Huguet, Marie-Thérèse Esquerré-Tugayé, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Pascal Gamas, Carine Torregrosa, Bernard Dumas, Stephanie Cluzet, Joëlle Fournier, and Christophe Jacquet

Subjects
Hypersensitive response, Colletotrichum trifolii, Physiology, Genes, Plant, Pathosystem, Phenols, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Botany, Plant defense against herbivory, Colletotrichum, Medicago, Medicago sativa, Gene, Crosses, Genetic, Genetics, Expressed Sequence Tags, Expressed sequence tag, biology, Gene Expression Profiling, fungi, food and beverages, General Medicine, Hydrogen Peroxide, biology.organism_classification, Medicago truncatula, Up-Regulation, Plant Leaves, Phenotype, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

In this study, a new pathosystem was established using the model plant Medicago truncatula and Colletotrichum trifolii, the causal agent of anthracnose on Medicago sativa. Screening of a few M. truncatula lines identified Jemalong and F83005.5 as resistant and susceptible to Colletotrichum trifolii race 1, respectively. Symptom analysis and cytological studies indicated that resistance of Jemalong was associated with a hypersensitive response of the plant. The two selected lines were crossed, and inoculations with C. trifolii were performed on the resulting F1 and F2 progenies. Examination of the disease phenotypes indicated that resistance was dominant and was probably due to a major resistance gene. Molecular components of the resistance were analyzed through macroarray experiments. Expression profiling of 126 expressed sequence tags corresponding to 92 genes, which were selected for their putative functions in plant defense or signal transduction, were compared in Jemalong and F83005.5 lines. A strong correlation was observed between the number of up-regulated genes and the resistance phenotype. Large differences appeared at 48 h postinoculation; more than 40% of the tested genes were up-regulated in the Jemalong line compared with only 10% in the susceptible line. Interestingly, some nodulin genes were also induced in the resistant line upon inoculation with C. trifolii.

Published
2004

45. Molecular Linkage Map of the Model Legume Medicago truncatula Gaertn

Author

Jean Marie Prosperi, Thierry Huguet, Attila Kereszt, and Philippe Thoquet

Subjects
Somatic embryogenesis, business.industry, fungi, food and beverages, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Medicago truncatula, Rhizobia, Crop, Symbiosis, Agriculture, Botany, Arabidopsis thaliana, business, Legume
Abstract

The need for a more sustainable and environmentally safe agriculture has reinforced interest in the cultivation of legumes, which include important agricultural species such as alfalfa, clover, pea, soybean, bean, peanut, and more. These species have the capacity to establish an atmospheric dinitrogen fixing symbiose with soil bacteria collectively named rhizobia, and to form symbiotic root mycorrhizae with soil fungi, thus facilitating their uptake of phosphate, water, and other soil nutrients (Albrecht et al. 1999). However, genetic analysis of these processes remains difficult in the major crop legumes due to features such as tetraploidy, large genomes and/or the lack of efficient methods for transgenesis. Since the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (as indeed is true of other Cruciferae) is unable to establish either rhizo-bial or mycorrhizal symbioses, the need to establish a model legume to analyze plant physiological processes which cannot be satisfactorily studied in A. thaliana has been recognized for over a decade (Cook and Denarie 2000).

Published
2003
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46. Inferences from mitochondrial DNA patterns on the domestication history of alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

Author

M. H. Muller, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Joëlle Ronfort, Sylvain Santoni, Diversité et génomes des plantes cultivées (UMR DGPC), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Crops, Agricultural, Species complex, Mitochondrial DNA, FLUX DE GENE, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, DNA, Mitochondrial, Gene flow, ESPECE CULTIVEE, Genetics, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Medicago sativa, GENETIQUE VEGETALE, Domestication, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Polymorphism, Genetic, Geography, Ecology, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, HISTOIRE, Phylogeography, Genetics, Population, Evolutionary biology, Restriction fragment length polymorphism, GENETIQUE DES POPULATIONS, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, 010606 plant biology & botany, Demographic expansion
Abstract

The evolutionary history of a wild-cultivated complex is the outcome of different factors, among which are the domestication of the cultivated form, its geographical and demographic expansion, as well as gene flow between natural and cultivated populations. To clarify this history for alfalfa (Medicago sativa), we adopted a phylogeographical approach based on a sample of natural and cultivated populations of the M. sativa species complex. This sample was characterized for mtDNA variation through restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Twenty-two mitotypes were identified in the whole data set (155 individuals). In the wild pool from the presumed area of origin (Near East to Central Asia), the diversity was high but the absence of geographical differentiation hinders a more precise location of the centre of domestication. Within the cultivated alfalfa, the geographical structure suggests strongly the existence of at least two independent routes of dissemination of alfalfa from its centre of origin. In particular, original mitotypes detected in some regions suggest that wild populations not sampled in this study, and located outside the presumed area of domestication, may have contributed to the diversity of the cultivated pool. Finally, analysis of the mtDNA variation shows that natural populations collected in Spain constitute an endemic wild pool now introgressed partially by cultivated alfalfa.

Published
2003
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47. The molecular genetic linkage map of the model legume Medicago truncatula: an essential tool for comparative legume genomics and the isolation of agronomically important genes

Author

Philippe, Thoquet, Michele, Ghérardi, Etienne-Pascal, Journet, Attila, Kereszt, Jean-Michel, Ané, Jean-Marie, Prosperi, and Thierry, Huguet

Subjects
Crops, Agricultural, Genetic Markers, DNA, Plant, Genotype, Genetic Linkage, fungi, Chromosome Mapping, Genetic Variation, food and beverages, Fabaceae, Genomics, Genes, Plant, Chromosomes, Plant, lcsh:QK1-989, Phenotype, Species Specificity, lcsh:Botany, Medicago, Research Article
Abstract

Background The legume Medicago truncatula has emerged as a model plant for the molecular and genetic dissection of various plant processes involved in rhizobial, mycorrhizal and pathogenic plant-microbe interactions. Aiming to develop essential tools for such genetic approaches, we have established the first genetic map of this species. Two parental homozygous lines were selected from the cultivar Jemalong and from the Algerian natural population (DZA315) on the basis of their molecular and phenotypic polymorphism. Results An F2 segregating population of 124 individuals between these two lines was obtained using an efficient manual crossing technique established for M. truncatula and was used to construct a genetic map. This map spans 1225 cM (average 470 kb/cM) and comprises 289 markers including RAPD, AFLP, known genes and isoenzymes arranged in 8 linkage groups (2n = 16). Markers are uniformly distributed throughout the map and segregation distortion is limited to only 3 linkage groups. By mapping a number of common markers, the eight linkage groups are shown to be homologous to those of diploid alfalfa (M. sativa), implying a good level of macrosynteny between the two genomes. Using this M. truncatula map and the derived F3 populations, we were able to map the Mtsym6 symbiotic gene on linkage group 8 and the SPC gene, responsible for the direction of pod coiling, on linkage group 7. Conclusions These results demonstrate that Medicago truncatula is amenable to diploid genetic analysis and they open the way to map-based cloning of symbiotic or other agronomically-important genes using this model plant.

Published
2002

48. Mitochondrial DNA diversity and phenotypic variation in wild and cultivated populations of Medicago sativa: insights into the dynamics of contact zones between the two related forms

Author

Gérard Génier, Christian Balsera, Olivier Soudière, Sylvie Roussel, Marie-Helene Muller, Sylvain Santoni, Denis Tauzin, Joëlle Ronfort, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Marin Vabre, Unité de recherches de génétique et amélioration des plantes, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Mitochondrial DNA, FLUX DE GENE, variabilité génétique, Population, variabilité phénotypique, medicago sativa, espagne, Biology, luzerne, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Gene flow, ESPECE CULTIVEE, agromorphologie, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, population naturelle, Medicago sativa, GENETIQUE VEGETALE, education, variabilité cytoplasmique, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, education.field_of_study, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, food and beverages, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, Phenotype, espèce sauvage, pays méditerranéen, plante fourragère, dynamique des populations, Variation (linguistics), Evolutionary biology, GENETIQUE DES POPULATIONS, légumineuse fourragère, Animal Science and Zoology, V — Gestion Dynamique des Ressources Génétiques Dynamic Management of Genetic Resources, Restriction fragment length polymorphism, europe, ADN mitochondrial
Abstract

In order to understand the dynamics of contact zones between natural and cultivated populations of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in Spain, we investigated the patterns of mitochondrial variation (characterized through restriction fragment length polymorphisms) for 173 individuals in four natural and four cultivated populations of this species. We also examined the relationship between mtDNA and phenotypic variation. This study shows that cytoplasmic variation occurs in both natural and cultivated populations of Medicago sativa. Among the five mitotypes identified in the species, two are specific from the natural populations. The distribution of shared mitotypes between wild and cultivated forms attested to the occurrence of gene flow through seed from cultivated towards natural populations. Comparisons between cytoplasmic and phenotypic patterns of variation give information on the patterns of gene exchange that occur in contact zones over successive generations.

Published
2001

49. Medics (Medicago L.)

Author

Richard Johnson, Jean-Marie Prosperi, Geoff Auricht, and Gérard Génier

Subjects
Germplasm, Medicago, Agronomy, Perennial plant, biology, Genus, Botany, Temperate climate, Conservation status, Taxonomy (biology), biology.organism_classification, Mediterranean Basin
Abstract

The genus Medicago is arguably the most important of the temperate pasture legume genera containing as it does the widely cultivated perennial plant Medicago saliva, (Lucerne or Alfalfa) along with a range of annual species important in specific regions. These include species such as M truncatula (Barrel medic), M littoralis (Strand medic), M polymorpha (Burr medic) the others which are widely grown in cereal crop rotations in Australia. This chapter looks firstly at the evolving taxonomy of the Genus which in the past 10 years has grown significantly from 65 to 85 species with the transfer of 23 species from Trigonella The genetic resources of the genus are then considered in terms of both their origin in the Mediterranean basin, their spread to Secondary Centres of diversity as far away as South America and Australia and their current ex-situ conservation status. Medicago germplasm is conserved in several major genebanks holding between 7,500 and 25,000 accessions in long term storage. Finally the chapter discusses the value of a range of perennial and annual Medicago species, for both agricultural and environmental purposes as well as raising a number of research needs.

Published
2001
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50. Differentiation between natural and cultivated populations of Medicago sativa (Leguminosae) from Spain: analysis with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and comparison to allozymes

Author

Jean Marie Prosperi, Eric Jenczewski, Joëlle Ronfort, Unité de recherches de génétique et amélioration des plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Conservation of Natural Resources, DNA, Plant, FLUX DE GENE, Population, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Gene flow, Crop, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene Frequency, RAPD, Genetic variation, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Genetics, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Computer Simulation, Medicago sativa, Allele, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, DNA Primers, Electrophoresis, Agar Gel, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, education.field_of_study, Plants, Medicinal, Models, Genetic, POLYPLOIDE, food and beverages, Genetic Variation, Fabaceae, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique, Isoenzymes, Spain, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

The conservation of a crop's wild relatives as genetic resources requires an understanding of the way genetic diversity is maintained in their populations, notably the effect of crop-to-wild gene flow. In this study, the amount of differentiation between natural and cultivated populations of Medicago sativa was analysed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and an extension of the AMOVA procedure adapted to autotetraploid organisms. Simulations of structured populations were performed to test whether AMOVA provides estimates of population structure in autotetraploids that can be directly compared to those obtained for allozyme data. Simulations showed that straight phi-statistics allow a good estimation of population differentiation when unbiased allelic frequencies are used to correct the conditional expectations of squared genetic distances. But such unbiased estimates can not be practically guaranteed, and population structure is notably overestimated when some populations are fixed for the presence of amplified fragments. However, removing fixed loci from the data set improves the statistical power of the test for population structure. The genetic variation of 15 natural and six cultivated populations of M. sativa was analysed at 25 RAPD loci and compared to estimates computed with allozymes on the same set of populations. Although RAPD markers revealed less within-population genetic diversity than allozymes, the quantitative and qualitative patterns of population structure were in full agreement with allozymes. This confirmed the conclusions drawn from the allozymic survey: crop-to-wild gene flow occurred in many locations, but some other mechanisms opposed cultivated traits to be maintained into natural populations.

Published
1999

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