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1. Goethite affects phytolith dissolution through clay particle aggregation and pH regulation

Author: Zimin Li, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Bruno Delvaux, Earth and Life Institute, Soil Science, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Croix du Sud 2, L7.05.10, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences
Subjects: Aggregation, Phytolith preservation, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Goethite, Low activity clays (LAC) soils, Dissolved silicon
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023
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2. The role of silicon in the supply of terrestrial ecosystem services

Author: Jean-Dominique Meunier, Sophie Cornu, Catherine Keller, Doris Barboni, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Terrestrial ecosystems, Silicon, Provisioning ecosystem services, Regulating ecosystem services, Cultural ecosystem services, Phytoliths, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience; Silicon (Si) is the most abundant element on the earth’s surface after oxygen. Si can be found in minerals, electronic chips, cosmetic products, and plants for instance. Here we review the Earth's terrestrial Si cycle, focussing on ecosystem services. We show that silicon can participate in the inherent and manageable properties involved in all ecosystem services. As records of the past, phytoliths can be useful parameters in cultural services. Si is involved in provisioning services because Si may influence the production of food and fibers. Si is also involved in regulating services because of Si involvement in carbon sequestration. Regulating and provisioning services may be improved through Si management, e.g. by application of Si to fertilize soils and plants.
Published: 2022
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3. Abundance, perceptions and utilizations of termite mounds in Cambodia

Author: Ratha Muon, Chenda Lai, Vincent Hervé, Rainer Zaiss, François Chassagne, Eve Bureau‐Point, Sébastien Marchand, Martine Audibert, Jacques Berger, Frank Wieringa, Arnould Savouré, Kimchhin Sok, Jean‐Dominique Meunier, Vannak Ann, Pascal Jouquet, Institute of Technology of Cambodia [Cambodge] (KHM), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Paris-Saclay Food and Bioproduct Engineering (SayFood), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Pharmacochimie et Biologie pour le Développement (PHARMA-DEV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre Norbert Elias (CNELIAS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International (CERDI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nutrition et Alimentation des Populations aux Suds (NutriPass), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Démarche intégrée pour l'obtention d'aliments de qualité (UMR QualiSud), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD en Occitanie) (IRD (Occitanie)), AERD Center of Excellence, Royal University of Agriculture (RUA), Phnom Penh, (AERD), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: paddy fields, termite mounds, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], soil fertility, food diversity, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, utilization, Soil Science, ecosystem services, Pollution, Agronomy and Crop Science, medicinal plants, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; In the Lower Mekong Basin, paddy fields often appear as mosaics, with soil mounds covered by trees or other plants in a spotty distribution. These soil mounds are commonly named termite ‘lenticular mounds’ because termite bioturbation is considered to be at their origin. Termite mounds host a large diversity of animals and plants, increasing landscape patchiness. Because the preservation of these islands of biodiversity is threatened by modern agricultural practices, the aim of this study was to quantify their abundance and the services they provide to the local population. The abundance of mounds and their use by the population were quantified in a catchment in Cambodia. We found that mounds density reached ~2 mounds ha−1. Interviews carried out within the catchment showed that most of the interviewees used mounds for increasing the fertility of their field and for the cultivation of rice and other plants (e.g. sponge gourd and pumpkin). In addition to their potential to increase plant productivity, the survey revealed that animals (rats and snakes), mushrooms and 13 plant species found on or in mounds were consumed by the population. In addition to potentially contributing to an increase in food diversity, mounds also impacted farmers' health by allowing access to 20 medicinal plant species and indirectly via a reduction in pesticide use. In conclusion, this study is the first attempt to quantify the large number of services provided by termite mounds in Cambodia. This increase in the knowledge of the diversity of environmental and socioeconomic services provided by termite mounds is likely to contribute to their preservation and provide a basis for the sustainable management of biodiversity in paddy fields in the Lower Mekong Basin region
Published: 2023
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4. Dissolution does not affect grass phytolith assemblages

Author: Hongye Liu, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Olivier Grauby, Jérôme Labille, Anne Alexandre, Doris Barboni, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), China University of Geosciences [Wuhan] (CUG), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), China Scholarship Council, and CEREGE APIC
Subjects: pH, Paleontology, Weathered phytolith, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Oceanography, Stability, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Dissolution, Paleoenvironment, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: International audience; Dissolution is one among several taphonomical processes that may bias paleoenvironmental, paleoclimatic or taxonomic interpretation of phytolith assemblages. To improve our understanding of dissolution on grass phy-toliths, we studied systematic changes of surface features, morphotype assemblages, and dissolution rates of phytoliths extracted from two grass species Hyparrhenia involucrata (Panicoideae), Nastus borbonicus (Bambu-soideae), one soil from La Re ' union Island (approximate mean age < 800 yr), and three paleosols from Ethiopia (approximate age of 4.4 million years). We used heavy-liquid to extract phytoliths, and 1% Na2CO3 to perform partial dissolution experiments. Physicochemical surface properties, morphotypes, and assemblages were analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopy, laser diffraction, and X-ray diffractometry. Our results show that 1) phytoliths from different grass species may have different dissolution rates: phytoliths from the leaves of Hyparrhenia involucrata (Panicoideae) are more prone to dissolution than those from Nastus borbonicus (Bambusoideae). 2) Silicon (Si) released by phytolith assemblages (i.e., phytolith dissolution rate) decreases as follows: plant > soil > paleosol. 3) Dissolution leads to cavity formation on phytolith surfaces and disappearance of fragile silica particles. 4) Partial dissolution does not significantly change percentages of common grass phytolith morphotypes in a given assemblage. These results provide a benchmark for assessing the reliability of paleoenvironmental reconstructions using grass phytolith assemblages from buried soils and sediments.
Published: 2023
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5. Labile Si Pool in Forest and Agricultural Soils: An Experimental Approach

Author: Artem G. Lim, Oleg Pokrovsky, Sophie Cornu, and Jean-Dominique Meunier
Published: 2023
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6. Release of labile Si from forest and agricultural soils

Author: Artem G. Lim, Oleg S. Pokrovsky, Sophie Cornu, and Jean-Dominique Meunier
Subjects: Earth-Surface Processes
Published: 2023
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7. Considering the ionic strength for proper use of 1 or 2-ligands model for static fluorescence quenching or enhancement

Author: Patricia Merdy, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Yves Lucas, Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and ANR-14-CE01-0002,BioSiSol,Statut de Si dans les sols et modélisation de sa biodisponibilité: les sols français fournissent-ils assez de Si pour la culture de céréales?(2014)
Subjects: Ions, Binding capacity, Osmolar Concentration, Modeling, Ligands, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Analytical Chemistry, Fluorescence quenching, Metals, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Natural Organic Matter, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Seawater, Complexation, Stability constants, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy
Abstract: International audience; We formally describe a 1- or 2-ligands fluorescence quenching or exhaustion model that takes ionic strength into account. We give ready-to-use formulas, which are easy to implement on a common spreadsheet, to determine complexing capacities and apparent stability constants of fluorescence ligands by adjusting quenching or enhancing experimental curves. The strength of our model is to consider parameters that have rarely taken in account in the literature, resulting in a significant improvement in the quality of the modeling: the charge associated with one or two ligands, and ionic strength. The model predicted fluorescence at various ionic strengths from parameters determined at a given ionic strength. This model is suitable for many applications, such as complexation of dissolved natural organic matter with metal ions, even in sea water, or biologic media.
Published: 2022
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8. Aggregation reduces the release of bioavailable silicon from allophane and phytolith

Author: Zimin Li, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Bruno Delvaux, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Aggregation, Allophane, Geochemistry and Petrology, Bioavailable silicon, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Phytolith
Abstract: International audience; Phytoliths form in plant tissues as fine, silt-sized amorphous silica particles. Once deposited in soils by plant debris, they can dissolve and feed silicon (Si) fluxes to the biosphere and hydrosphere, enhancing the positive effects of Si on plant health and carbon fixation by marine diatoms. In soils, microaggregates (-1): organic matter (50), aluminosilicate mineral (370), iron (Fe) oxide (60), quartz (500) and rice phytolith (20). Models with either amorphous (Am) or crystalline (Cryst) aluminosilicates and Fe-oxides were tested. The Am model included allophane and ferrihydrite while the Cryst model included kaolinite and goethite. Aggregates were visualized by Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy. They were compared to individual compounds and unaggregated mixtures through kinetic Na2CO3 and CaCl2 extraction assessing the pools of phytoliths and bioavailable Si, respectively. Aluminum (Al) and germanium (Ge) concentrations, and pH were measured in the CaCl2 extracts. CaCl2 extractable Si decreased in the order (g kg-1): Am mixture (3.72) > Am aggregate (0.95) > Cryst mixture (0.48) > Cryst aggregate (0.39). Aggregation thus reduced Si release by 3.9- and 1.2- fold in the amorphous and crystalline model, respectively. The Si/Al and Ge/Si atomic ratios showed that allophane and phytolith were the main sources of bioavailable Si in the amorphous and crystalline model, respectively. In contrast to the crystalline model (pH 5.0-7.8), the acidic medium in the amorphous model (pH 3.7-4.9) enhanced allophane dissolution. Aggregation thus protected both allophane and phytolith from dissolution, and reduced the release of bioavailable Si, the source of which depended on the component stability and pH.
Published: 2022
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9. Allophanes, a significant soil pool of silicon for plants

Author: Sophie Cornu, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Céline Ratie, Fréderic Ouedraogo, Yves Lucas, Patricia Merdy, Doris Barboni, Camille Delvigne, Daniel Borschneck, Olivier Grauby, Catherine Keller, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), InfoSol (InfoSol), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-14-CE01-0002,BioSiSol,Statut de Si dans les sols et modélisation de sa biodisponibilité: les sols français fournissent-ils assez de Si pour la culture de céréales?(2014), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Environnement Atmosphérique (CEREA), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), and EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)
Subjects: Pedogenesis, Temperate ecosystems, Bioavailable Si, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Phytolith, Soil Science, Clay, Land use change Clay Phytolith Temperate ecosystems Bioavailable Si Pedogenesis, Land use change, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; While in tropical soils recycling of plant phytoliths has been shown to represent a major pool of Si available for plants, the main Si pools available for plants in temperate soils are still poorly constrained. We characterised the various Si pools of temperate forested and cultivated soils in France by selecting seven paired sites (adjacent wheat and forest plots) for four soil groups: Luvisols, Albeluvisols, calcaric and hypereutric Cambisols. We showed that CaCl2-extracted Si (bioavailable) is mostly controlled by pH and allophanes (short-range ordered aluminosilicates) but not by phytoliths. Cultivation, by decreasing the soil organic carbon content increases the allophane content and the SiCaCl2 concentration. Our work highlights the importance of allophanes as the missing link between the soil solution and the clay minerals that could explain the reported correlation between the clay mineral content and bioavailable Si.
Published: 2022
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10. Evidence of humic acid-aluminium‑silicon complexes under controlled conditions

Author: Patricia Merdy, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Fabio Ziarelli, Yves Lucas, Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Fédération Sciences Chimiques Marseille (FSCM), French National Research Agency (ANR)BioSiSol ANR-14-CE01-0002, and ANR-14-CE01-0002,BioSiSol,Statut de Si dans les sols et modélisation de sa biodisponibilité: les sols français fournissent-ils assez de Si pour la culture de céréales?(2014)
Subjects: Silicon, Environmental Engineering, Plants, Pollution, Soil, Humic acid, Environmental Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Soil Pollutants, Complexation, Nanocolloids, Waste Management and Disposal, Spectroscopy, Sorption sites, Humic Substances, Aluminum
Abstract: International audience; The chemistry of silicon (Si), the second most abundant element in soil after oxygen, is not yet fully understood in the soil-water-plant continuum. Although Si is widely accepted as an element that has little or no interaction with natural organic matter, some data seems to show the opposite. To identify a potential interaction between natural organic matter and Si, batch experiments were achieved at various pH and Si concentrations, involving also Al 3+ as a common ion in soil and using humic acid (HA) as a typical model for natural organic matter. Several complementary techniques were used to characterize the possible complexes formed in the dissolved or solid phases: molecular fluorescence spectroscopy, 29 Si solid-state NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, quantification of Si, Al and organic carbon, and nanoparticle size distribution. These tools revealed that humic acid indeed interacts, but weakly, with Si alone. In the presence of Al, however, a ternary complex HA-Al-Si forms, likely with Al as the bridging atom. The presence of Si promotes the maintenance of both Al and DOM in solution, which is likely to modify the result or the kinetics of pedogenesis. Such complexes can also play a role in the control of Al toxicity towards plants and probably also exists with other metals, such as Fe or Mn, and other metalloids such as As.
Published: 2022
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11. Are Clay Minerals a Significant Source of Si for Crops? A Comparison of Amorphous Silica and the Roles of the Mineral Type and pH

Author: Jean-Dominique Meunier, Catherine Keller, Muhammad Rizwan, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Government College University of Faisalabad (GCUF), Indo-French Centre for the Promotion of Advanced Research (IFCPAR/CEFIPRA) 5109-1, French INSU (Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers, CNRS) programme EC2CO (Ecosphere continentale et cotiere), and ANR-14-CE01-0002,BioSiSol,Statut de Si dans les sols et modélisation de sa biodisponibilité: les sols français fournissent-ils assez de Si pour la culture de céréales?(2014)
Subjects: inorganic chemicals, Diatomite, Silicon, Materials science, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Vermiculite, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0103 physical sciences, Kaolinite, 2. Zero hunger, 010302 applied physics, Mineral, pH, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Amorphous solid, Clay minerals, Montmorillonite, chemistry, Phytolith, Environmental chemistry, Wheat, Rice, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Identifying the source(s) of silicon (Si) for plant is a key issue in understanding the terrestrial cycle of Si and for deciphering the reservoir of bioavailable Si to Si accumulating crops. In soils, amorphous Si, one of the most bioavailable source, is mostly present as phytoliths and has been suggested for use as a Si fertilizer by diatomite application. Although clay minerals are known to contribute to plant nutrition, their role as a major source of silica for plants has not been fully addressed. We aim at evaluating the efficiency of clay minerals as a source of Si for crops. We conducted two pot experiments: one wheat-growing experiment to compare a clay (vermiculitic) mineral and amorphous silica particles (diatomite, which is used as a phytolith substitute), and one rice-growing experiment to compare two types of clay (kaolinite vs montmorillonite) common in rice cultivation. We confirmed that the amorphous silica was more efficient than vermiculite for Si uptake by wheat. However, the Si uptake was not significantly different between the 5% diatomite substrate and the 25% vermiculite substrate indicating that clays may challenge amorphous silica, as a source of Si for crops. The kaolinite probably delivered less Si to the rice than the montmorillonite because of the lower specific surface area and lower pH of kaolinite substrates. Because clays are generally much more abundant in soils than amorphous silica, we concluded that clays may be a substantial Si source for plants, depending on the clay mineralogy.
Published: 2021
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12. Silicon Isotope Analyses of Soil and Plant Reference Materials: An Inter‐Comparison of Seven Laboratories

Author: Jade E. Hatton, Isabelle Basile-Doelsch, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Emmanuel Ponzevera, Oleg S. Pokrovsky, Paul S. Savage, Bastian Georg, Germain Bayon, Franck Poitrasson, Pierre Deschamps, S. Fischer, Alisson Akerman, J. A. Schuessler, Katharine R. Hendry, Camille Delvigne, Abel Guihou, Earth and Life Institute - Environmental Sciences (ELIE), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [University St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland], Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bristol [Bristol], Géosciences Marines (GM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Trent University, Societe Francaise des Isotopes Stables (SFIS)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRSUK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)NE/R002134/1Carnegie Trust Research Incentive GrantEuropean Research Council (ERC)European Commission 678371, ANR-14-CE01-0002,BioSiSol,Statut de Si dans les sols et modélisation de sa biodisponibilité: les sols français fournissent-ils assez de Si pour la culture de céréales?(2014), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unité de recherche Géosciences Marines (Ifremer) (GM), NERC, Carnegie Trust, University of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews. St Andrews Centre for Exoplanet Science, and University of St Andrews. St Andrews Isotope Geochemistry
Subjects: изотопы кремния, Analytical chemistry, comparison of measurements, plant, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, изотопный анализ, кремний, soil, Matrix (chemical analysis), Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, растения, inter-comparison of measurements, Chemical preparation, Isotopes of silicon, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, почва, GE, Isotope, inter&#8208, 010401 analytical chemistry, DAS, Geology, reference materials, 0104 chemical sciences, silicon isotopes, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Coverage factor, стандартные образцы, GE Environmental Sciences
Abstract: SF and the Si isotope measurements at STAiG were supported by NERC grant NE/R002134/1 to PS; PS would also like to cite the support of a Carnegie Trust Research Incentive Grant, which helped the setup of various isotope techniques in the St Andrews Isotope Geochemistry (STAiG) laboratories. C.D. Coath is thanked for laboratory support and the European Research Council is acknowledged for funding (ICY-LAB, grant agreement 678371). The use of silicon (Si) isotopes has led to major advances in our understanding of Si cycling in modern and past environments. This inter‐laboratory comparison exercise provides the community with the first set of soil and plant reference materials with an analytically challenging matrix containing organic material that is known to induce isotopic bias, for use as secondary reference materials in Si isotope measurement. Seven laboratories analysed four soil reference materials (GBW‐07401, GBW‐07404, GBW‐07407, TILL‐1) and one plant reference material (ERM‐CD281). Participating laboratories employed a range of chemical preparation methods and analytical setups but all analyses were performed by MC‐ICP‐MS. Irrespective of the chemical preparation method or analytical conditions, the results show excellent agreement among laboratories within 2s for at least three replicates. Data were combined together to calculate δ29Si and δ30Si mean values (relative to NBS 28) and their expanded uncertainties (U, coverage factor k = 2). The δ30Si values are as follow: GBW‐07401: ‐0.27 ± 0.06 ‰, GBW‐07404: ‐0.76 ± 0.12 ‰, GBW‐07407: ‐1.82 ± 0.17 ‰, TILL‐1: ‐0.16 ± 0.06 ‰ and ERM‐CD281: ‐0.28 ± 0.11 ‰. Also, a compilation of published data provides an up‐to‐date mean δ30Si for BHVO‐2 of ‐0.28 ± 0.08 ‰. Postprint
Published: 2021
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13. Silicon accumulation in rice plant aboveground biomass affects leaf carbon quality

Author: Jörg Schaller, Robin Heimes, Ji Feng Shao, Jian Feng Ma, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Miho Fujii-Kashino, Technische Universität DresdenTharandt, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Münster, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU)
Subjects: Carbon compounds, inorganic chemicals, 0106 biological sciences, Silicon, Rice pigmentation, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, Biomass, Plant Science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Carbon quality, Lignin, Compounds of carbon, Rice plant tissues, Cellulose, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, Wax, fungi, technology, industry, and agriculture, Red rice, food and beverages, Silica, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Horticulture, chemistry, visual_art, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, visual_art.visual_art_medium, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDU.OTHER]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Other, Carbon, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Background and aim Silicon is known to be able to substitute carbon in plant biomass, especially in cellulose, lignin and phenols. However, a more comprehensive picture regarding the effect of silicon accumulation on plant carbon quality (cellu-lose, lignin, phenol, wax, lipids, and free organic acids content) with regard to potential decompos-ability is still missing. Methods Two different rice varieties (French brown and red rice cultivars) were cultivated under five different soil silicon availabilities. After maturity we harvested the plants and analyzed them regarding carbon quality by FTIR spectroscopy and regarding plant silicon concentrations. Results Silicon accumulation was found to be dependent on silicon availability and on the specific rice cultivar. The lowering of carbon compounds content by silicon was found not to be restricted to cellulose, lignin and phenol. Silicon accumulation was able to decrease other carbon compounds such as fat, wax, lipids, and free organic acids, too. Conclusions Consequently, silicon is important for the carbon quality of silicon accumulating plants. Furthermore , silicon accumulation in plants is interfering with a large range of different carbon compounds potentially altering the leaf economic spectra, decomposability, and thus potentially interfering with the whole performance of ecosystems dominated by silicon accumulating plant species.
Published: 2019
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14. Silicon isotopes: linking soil Si availability and plant Si strategies

Author: Abel Guihou, Camille Delvigne, Pierre Deschamps, Bernard Angeletti, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Isabelle Basile-Doelsch, Catherine Keller, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Materials science, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Isotopes of silicon, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: One of the most puzzling properties of silicon (Si) is its differential absorption by plants. Depending on the plant species, water and soil Si availability, environmental factors such as grazing and temperature, plant Si contents can vary from 0.1 % to 10 %(on a dry weight basis). Advances in genomics improved our understanding of biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying plant Si uptake providing a framework to explain the variability of Si in plants and its distribution. Yet complex Si roles in plant strategies, its dependence on environmental factors and in mediating interactions with their environments and other organisms remain misunderstood. How is plant Si uptake affected by soil Si availability and how is Si distribution between tissue types controlled? It is hard for us to answer those questions even if Si plant traits are an indicator of the soil Si status. For example, a few studies showed that Si content and phytolith distribution are mainly controlled by Si availability. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse where wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) was grown on three different soils: an aric podzol, an andosol and a calcosol. These soils are contrasted in term of clay size distribution, SiO2 concentrations and organic matter content and are presumed to reflect French soils variability in term of Si dynamics. Here, we focus on how plant Si patterns, both Si content and Si isotopes, are linked to soil Si availability leading to new insights to the mechanisms underlying the different Si uptake and translocation strategies. This work is supported by the BIOSiSOL project (ANR-14-CE01-0002).
Published: 2021
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15. Agriculture increases the bioavailability of silicon, a beneficial element for crop, in temperate soils

Author: Manon Caubet, Sophie Cornu, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Nicolas Saby, InfoSol (InfoSol), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, lcsh:Medicine, Weathering, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, Article, Crop, Temperate climate, lcsh:Science, 2. Zero hunger, Topsoil, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, lcsh:R, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Biogeochemistry, Bioavailability, Environmental sciences, Agronomy, Agriculture, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Clay minerals, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Crops may take benefits from silicon (Si) uptake in soil. Plant available Si (PAS) can be affected by natural weathering processes or by anthropogenic forces such as agriculture. The soil parameters that control the pool of PAS are still poorly documented, particularly in temperate climates. In this study, we documented PAS in France, based on statistical analysis of Si extracted by CaCl2 (SiCaCl2) and topsoil characteristics from an extensive dataset. We showed that cultivation increased SiCaCl2 for soils developed on sediments, that cover 73% of France. This increase is due to liming for non-carbonated soils on sediments that are slightly acidic to acidic when non-cultivated. The analysis performed on non-cultivated soils confirmed that SiCaCl2 increased with the −1. This increase may be explained by the CaCl2.
Published: 2020
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16. PDMPO: a specific silicon or silica, pH sensitive fluorescent probe?

Author: Patricia, Merdy, Cyril, Neytard, Jean-Dominique, Meunier, and Yves, Lucas
Abstract: In order to understand Si behavior and biodisponibility in soils and plants, we evaluated the use of PDMPO (2-(4-pyridyl)-5-((4-(2-dimethylaminoethylaminocarbamoyl)methoxy)phenyl)oxazole) that was supposed to be a Si-specific fluorescence marker and to have a pH-dependent fluorescence. We studied the interactions between PDMPO and water-dissolved Si, Al and natural organic matter (humic acids, HA). Six systems with different HA, Si and Al concentrations were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy at pH 4, 7 and 9. The Al-PDMPO complex was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and the particle size distribution in solution was characterized by nano tracking analysis. We found that when usual pH buffers are not present, the PDMPO fluorescence was not pH dependent and was not Si-specific. In the PDMPO-Si-HA system, the PDMPO fluorescence signals were greatly enhanced, suggesting the formation of highly fluorescent ternary HA-PDMPO-Si groups. When Al was added to the system, the fluorescence was strongly quenched, suggesting the formation of low-fluorescence quaternary HA-PDMPO-Si-Al groups. The PDMPO fluorescence is therefore greatly sensitive to complexable metals and to natural organic matter and is therefore difficult to be applied for the quantification of Si or pH in a complex medium.
Published: 2020

17. Do climate and land use affect the pool of total silicon concentration? A digital soil mapping approach of French topsoils

Author: Sophie Cornu, Céline Ratié, Annie Guérin, Manon Caubet, Nicolas Saby, Dominique Arrouays, Amélia Landre, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), InfoSol (InfoSol), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Analyses des Sols (LAS), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Silicon, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, Soil science, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, Digital soil mapping, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, RMQS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Land use, Crust, Silica, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, France, Earth (classical element)
Abstract: International audience; Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in the Earth’s crust after O. Its concentration in soils is highly variable from
Published: 2020
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18. The distribution of Silicon in soil is influenced by termite bioturbation in South Indian forest soils

Author: Prakash B. Nagabovanalli, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Doris Barboni, Pascal Podwojewski, Laurent Caner, Pascal Jouquet, Sabyasachi Majumdar, Floriane Jamoteau, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Indian Institute of Science [Bangalore] (IISc Bangalore), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Phytoliths, Soil Science, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, Abundance (ecology), medicine, Kaolinite, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Resistance (ecology), 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Mineralogy, Water retention, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, Soil profile, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Soil horizon, Clay, Si, medicine.symptom, Bioturbation, Clay minerals, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other
Abstract: Si is one of the most abundant element on earth and an abundant literature shows its beneficial effects on plant growth and resistance. We here question the influence of termites, as key soil bioturbators, on the distribution of Si in a tropical soil. The abundance and forms of Si in termite mounds build by Odontotermes obelus (TM) or in the soil eroded from TM but redistributed on the ground surface (EROD) were compared to those measured in the 0-5 (Ctrl(0-5)) and 70-120 cm soil layers (Ctrl(70-120)). Although termites use the soil from Ctrl(70)-(1)(20) for building their mounds, we found that TM and EROD had intermediate soil physical, chemical and mineralogical properties between Ctrl(0-5) and Ctrl(70)(-1)(20). Clay content was not significantly different between soil materials. However, the lower variability measured in TM than in the soil suggested that termites used soil layers with higher amounts of clay fraction and with a preference especially for layers enriched in 2:1 clay minerals (smectite) most likely because they provide better physical properties in terms of plasticity and water retention than kaolinite. Finally, phytoliths and bioavailable Si (Si-CC) contents were increased in TM in comparison with Ctrl(70)(-1)(20), suggesting an incorporation of phytoliths in termite construction through their saliva and/or an increasing availability of Si-CC from the minerals. In conclusion, this study highlights how termites, through their feeding and building activities, impact Si distribution in tropical soils.
Published: 2020
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19. Reliable Determination of Ge in Solid Environmental Samples Using a Chemical Preparation Procedure Developed for Si Isotopes and ICP-MS Analysis

Author: Isabelle Basile-Doelsch, Abel Guihou, Bernard Angeletti, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Camille Delvigne, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR project BIOSiSOL [ANR-14-CE01-002], French Agence Nationale de la Recherche through the Project EQUIPEX ASTER-CEREGE, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Silicon, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, Germanium, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, cation‐exchange purification, Matrix (chemical analysis), [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, ICP-MS, cation exchange purification, soils, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Detection limit, Isotope, plants, Geology, Repeatability, [ SDU.STU.GC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, reference materials, sample digestion, germanium, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [ CHIM.ANAL ] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, ICP‐MS, Mass fraction
Abstract: International audience; Germanium (Ge) exists at trace levels in the Earth's crust and is a powerful geochemical tracer of the silicon (Si) cycle. This study proposes a simple and reliable method for determining Ge contents in environmental samples using ICP‐MS. As Si and Ge have very similar chemical properties, we investigated the applicability of the chemical preparation procedure developed for Si isotopes for the determination of Ge in environmental samples. Advantages of this procedure are as follows: (a) efficient removal of the matrix and main interferences affecting Ge determinations by ICP‐MS, (b) a low limit of detection (6 ng l−1), (c) relative repeatability of approximately 3% obtained on 74Ge and (d) robustness and accuracy based on agreement within errors with the published Ge values for rock reference materials (BHVO‐2, AGV‐2 and BCR‐2). This procedure allowed revision of the Ge values of three soil reference materials (1.67 ± 0.09 μg g−1, 2.41 ± 0.18 μg g−1, 1.89 ± 0.10 μg g−1 for GBW 07401, GBW 07404 and GBW 07407, respectively) and proposal of a value for the plant reference material ERM‐CD281 (70 ± 3 μg g−1). This method provides a convenient procedure for determining Ge mass fractions in environmental samples and opens the possibility of coupling two tracers of the Si biogeochemical cycle with a single measurement procedure.
Published: 2017
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20. Rôle du silicium dans la culture du blé en France : biodisponibilité, bioaccumulation et effet sur les rendements

Author: Jean-Dominique Meunier, Saby, Nicolas P. A., Ada Ackerman, Angeletti, B., Isabelle Basile-Doelsch, Borschneck, D., Manon Caubet, Perrine Chaurand, Sophie Cornu, Delvigne, C., Grauby, O., Guérin, A., Catherine Keller, Doris Barboni, Landré, A., Levard, C., Patricia Merdy, Neytard, C., Oliva, P., Frédéric Ouedraogo, Pokrovsky, O., Proix, N., Céline Ratié, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), InfoSol (InfoSol), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Analyses des Sols (LAS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

21. Impact of agriculture on silicon availability in soils: a paired site approach

Author: UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Sophie Cornu, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Doris Barboni, Delvigne, Camille, Fréderic Ouedraogo, Catherine Keller, Daniel Borschneck, Yves Lucas, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Sophie Cornu, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Doris Barboni, Delvigne, Camille, Fréderic Ouedraogo, Catherine Keller, Daniel Borschneck, and Yves Lucas
Published: 2019

22. Prediction of total silicon concentrations in French soils using pedotransfer functions from mid-infrared spectrum and pedological attributes

Author: Marion Bardy, Sophie Cornu, Jean-Dominique Meunier, A. Etayo, Amélia Landre, Céline Ratié, Annie Guérin, Bernard Barthès, Budiman Minasny, Nicolas Saby, Séquestration du carbone et bio- fonctionnement des sols : effets des modes de gestion des agro-écosystèmes tropicaux (SEQBIO), Station de recherches porcines, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Sydney, Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), InfoSol (InfoSol), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire d'Analyses des Sols (LAS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French ANR BioSiSol project (ANR-14-CE01-0002), GIS Sol, IFN ( French National forest inventory), ADEME, IRD, INRA, ANR-14-CE01-0002,BioSiSol,Statut de Si dans les sols et modélisation de sa biodisponibilité: les sols français fournissent-ils assez de Si pour la culture de céréales?(2014), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Silicon, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, Soil science, Regression tree, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Pedotransfer function, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Mid-infrared spectra, Cation-exchange capacity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Total organic carbon, Soil monitoring, Silica, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Perturbation (geology), Soil quality, chemistry, FTIR, Digital soil mapping, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Diffuse reflectance, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract: International audience; Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element of the Earth's crust, and its terrestrial cycle depends on soil, vegetation, and human activities. The spatial extent of terrestrial Si perturbation is poorly documented since maps of Si concentration in soils are rare. In addition, Si content is rarely measured in non-paddy soil databases. Here we demonstrate that pedotransfer functions based on either pedological attributes (particle size fraction, pH, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, calcium carbonate and parent material) or mid infrared spectra (MIRS) can be used to accurately predict total Si concentration. In this research, we utilised a unique dataset from the French monitoring network of soil quality (RMQS - Réseau de Mesures de la Qualité des Sols) database. Pedotransfer functions were built using a regression tree model on a subset of the data for which total Si concentration was measured. To compare the relative performance of the models obtained for the two different sources of data, a suite of performance indicators were calculated. Our results showed that PTF based on MIR spectra produces highly accurate and precise estimates of the total Si concentration for French soils. The pedological PTF is less accurate, but still provides a good estimation of the Si concentration. The pedological PTF provides an alternative method when only basic soil data are available, and an approximate estimation of Si concentrations is sufficient. These PTFs can be readily applied at the European scale except on a few soil groups not represented in France.
Published: 2018
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23. pH as a proxy for estimating plant-available Si? A case study in rice fields in Karnataka (South India)

Author: Daniel Borschneck, Kollalu Sandhya, Nagabovanalli B. Prakash, Philippe Dussouillez, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil test, Chemistry, Soil Science, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Weathering, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Plant Science, 15. Life on land, Silt, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Environmental chemistry, Soil pH, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Cation-exchange capacity, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Kaolinite, Paddy field, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Background and aims Although Si is recognized as a beneficial element for crops, the determination of plant-available silicon (PAS) in soils has become challenging. A correlation between pH and PAS indicators has been reported in the literature due to the higher degree of weathering of acidic soil. We tested this hypothesis in the cultivated rice fields of Karnataka State, India, which exhibit gradients of pH and climate. Method Two hundred surface soil samples were collected from rice fields representing nine of the ten agro-climatic zones (ACZs) defined for Karnataka. We analyzed the Si extracted by calcium chloride (SiCC) and the Si extracted by acetate-acetic acid (SiAA) as PAS indicators. The samples were analyzed for particle size distribution, pH, electrical conductivity and cation exchange capacity. Forty subsamples were selected for mineralogical and chemical analysis. Results PCA of the 200 samples showed that PAS indicators and pH were positively correlated. SiAA was also positively correlated with electric conductivity (EC), CEC, and the silt fraction and negatively correlated with the sand fraction. A separation of the data arbitrarily made at pH 7.5 showed that below 7.5, the correlation between PAS indicators and pH was better than considering the whole 200 samples. The distribution of SiAA with pH matched the curve of adsorbed Si given in the literature. Soils characterized by low pH and high contents of sand, SiO2, Zr and Hf, showed a higher degree of weathering. They were preferentially located along the coast, where the rainfall is the most abundant. The depletion of PAS indicators was also in good agreement with the predominance of kaolinite instead of smectite, which characterizes a higher degree of desilication. Conclusion We demonstrated that the correlation between pH and PAS indicators is explained by natural Si depletion (weathering intensity) and the effect of Si adsorption. We suggest that at pH values up to 7.5, pH can be used as a proxy for PAS in similar types of pedo-climatic conditions.
Published: 2018
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24. Processes controlling silicon isotopic fractionation in a forested tropical watershed : Mule hole critical zone observatory (Southern India)

Author: Jean-Jacques Braun, Muddu Sekhar, Doris Barboni, Jérôme Chmeleff, Srinivasan Prasad, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Franck Poitrasson, Jean Riotte, Thomas Zambardi, Krishnamurthy Anupama, Stéphane Audry, Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transfert en Géologie (LMTG), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Civil Engineering, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo (UFES), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: Delta, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Plant uptake, Phytoliths, Silicon isotopes, Soil science, Vertisol, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Civil Engineering, 01 natural sciences, Isotope fractionation, Geochemistry and Petrology, Isotopes of silicon, Silica mass balance, Rayleigh fractionation, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, South India, Tropics, Critical zone, 15. Life on land, Saprolite, 13. Climate action, Phytolith, Environmental science, Surface runoff
Abstract: Assessing the dynamics of the silica cycle in the critical zone remains challenging, particularly within the soil, where multiple processes are involved. To improve our understanding of this cycle in the Tropics, and more specifically the role played by vegetation, we combined elemental Si mass balance with the delta Si-30 signatures of the compartments involved in the waterplant-rock interactions of a tropical forested watershed, Mule Hole (Southern India). To accomplish this, we analysed (1) the d30Si values of present-day litter phytoliths from tree leaves and grass, as well as soil amorphous silica (ASi); (2) the Si isotope fractionation induced by phytolith dissolution; (3) the silicon mass balance inferred from isotopes at the soil-plant scale; and (4) the consistency between water sources and the delta Si-30 signatures in the ephemeral stream. The delta Si-30 values of present-day litter phytoliths and soil ASi vary within a narrow range of 1.10-1.40 parts per thousand for all samples, but two deep vertisol samples which likely trapped phytoliths from different vegetation growing under more humid conditions, as indicated by pollen analysis. A homogeneous signature of litter is a minimum condition for using delta Si-30 as a proxy for the litter/phytolith source of Si. However, litter-ash dissolution experiments demonstrate that the incipient dissolution of phytoliths fractionates Si isotopes, with the preferential dissolution of 28 Si over 30 Si yielding delta Si-30 values as low as -1.41 parts per thousand. Values close to the whole-sample signatures, i.e., above 1 parts per thousand, were recovered in the solution after a few hours of water-ash interaction. At the soil-plant scale, the average delta Si-30 value of soil-infiltrating solutions is slightly lighter than the average phytolith signature, which suggests phytoliths as the source of soil dissolved Si. The isotopic budget of dissolved Si within the soil layer, which was obtained based on previous elemental fluxes, is imbalanced. Equilibrating the isotopic budget would imply that up to 4100 mol ha(-1) yr(-1) of silica is taken up by vegetation, which is almost twice as large as that initially estimated from the elemental budget. The additional Si flux taken up, and likely stored in woody stems, was estimated assuming that Si isotopes followed a steady-state model for the whole Si plant uptake and then followed a Rayleigh model once in the plants. The delta Si-30 value of the additional Si flux taken up should be close to 0 parts per thousand, i.e., enriched in light Si isotopes compared to the litter. If steady-state conditions apply, the source could correspond to soil ASi dissolution or deep (saprolite) root uptake. At the outlet of the watershed, the stream exhibits low delta Si-30 values (0.28-0.71 parts per thousand) during peak flows and high delta Si-30 values (1.29-1.61 parts per thousand) during the recessions at the end of the rainy season. Heavy delta Si-30 signatures are consistent with the expected domination of seepage at the end of floods. The light delta Si-30 values during peak flow are slightly lower than the overland flow signature and reflect either a sampling bias of overland flow or a minor but significant contribution of another Si source within the stream, possibly the partial dissolution of phytoliths from the suspended load, with slight isotopic fractionation. This study confirms that vegetation controls the silicon cycle in this dry tropical forest. It also shows that silicon isotopes yield a better grasp of the mass balance and sources and potential mechanisms involved than the consideration of only silicon concentrations. However, this proxy still relies on working hypotheses, notably steady-state and/or Rayleigh fractionation models, which need to be confirmed in further studies. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2018
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25. Origin of silica in rice plants and contribution of diatom Earth fertilization: insights from isotopic Si mass balance in a paddy field

Author: Jean Riotte, Thomas Zambardi, Sriramulu Buvaneshwari, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Stéphane Audry, Kollalu Sandhya, Nagabovanalli B. Prakash, Jérôme Chmeleff, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Indo-French Cell for Water Sciences (IFCWS), Indian Institute of Science [Bangalore] (IISc Bangalore), University of Agricultural Sciences [Bangalore, India], Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Irrigation, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Plant uptake, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Soil Science, Silicon isotopes, Plant Science, Fractionation, engineering.material, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Civil Engineering, Isotopic signature, Adsorption, Nutrient, Silica mass balance, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Chemistry, South India, Tropics, food and beverages, Nutrients, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Environmental chemistry, engineering, Paddy field, Fertilizer, Rice
Abstract: The benefits of Si for crops is well evidenced but the biogeochemical cycle of Si in agriculture remains poorly documented. This study aims at identifying and quantifying the Si sources (primary and secondary soil minerals, amorphous silica, irrigation, Si-fertilizer) to rice plants. Field experiments were carried out with and without application of diatomaceous earth (DE) under rice and bare conditions to determine the water and dissolved mass balance in paddy fields (Karnataka, Southern India). The fate of the Si brought by irrigation (DSi) (uptake by rice, uptake by diatoms, adsorption) was assessed through a solute mass balance combined with silicon isotopic signatures. Above the ground-surface, about one third of the DSi flux brought by borewell irrigation (545 mmol Si.m(-2)) to bare plots and half of DSi in rice plots were removed from solution within minutes or hours following irrigation. Such rate is consistent with the rate of DSi adsorption onto Fe-oxyhydroxides but not with diatom blooms. In rice and rice + DE experiments, the isotopic fractionation factor ((30)epsilon) between bore well and stagnant water compositions is close to -1 aEuro degrees, i.e. the isotopic fractionation factor known for rice, indicating that above-ground DSi removal would be dominated by plant uptake upon adsorption. Within the soil layer, pore water DSi decreases much faster in rice experiments than in bare ones, demonstrating the efficiency of DSi rice uptake upon adsorption. Total irrigation-DSi to plant-Si would then represent 24 to 36% in rice experiments (over 1460 +/- 270 mmol Si m(-2) in biomass) and 15 to 23% in rice + DE ones (over 2250 +/- 180 mmol Si m(-2)). The delta Si-30 signature of whole plants was significantly different in the rice + DE plot analyzed, 0.99 +/- 0.07 aEuro degrees, than in the rice one, 1.29 +/- 0.07 aEuro degrees. According to these delta Si-30 signatures, the main Si source from the soil would be the amorphous silica pool (ASi). A slight contribution of DE to the rice plant could be detected from the Si isotopic signature of rice. The delta Si-30 signatures of the various soil-plant compartments, when associated to Si mass balance at soil-plant scale, constitute a reliable proxy of the Si sources in paddy fields. The solute Si balance is controlled by rice uptake in rice plots and by adsorption in bare ones. The main Si sources for the rice plants were soil ASi, irrigation Si and to a lesser extent Si fertilizer when it was applied.
Published: 2018
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26. Diatomaceous earth as source of silicon on the growth and yield of rice in contrasted soils of Southern India

Author: Kollalu Sandhya, Nagabovanalli B. Prakash, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Soil Science, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Plant Science, engineering.material, moisture regimes, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, Field capacity, Alkali soil, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Kaolinite, Si fertilizer, neutral, 2. Zero hunger, acidic, Moisture, Crop yield, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Soil type, graded level, Agronomy, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, engineering, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Fertilizer, alkaline, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Application of diatomaceous earth (DE) could improve the quality of soil, but its application in agriculture as a Si fertilizer requires additional research. Pot experiments were conducted with graded levels (0, 150, 300, 600 kg ha-1) of DE with recommended dose of N, P, K, in three types of soil (acidic, neutral and alkaline) from Southern India under two moisture conditions (field capacity and submergence) using rice as a test crop. The chosen DE consisted of biogenic silica, smectite, kaolinite and quartz. The grain yield was lower in plants grown in FC than in SUB moisture conditions regardless of the soil type and the DE added. Higher grain yield was observed with different DE applications under the SUB moisture condition in the three soils. The Si uptake increased for acidic and alkaline soils but not for neutral soil under the SUB moisture condition, whereas under the FC condition, the Si uptake was increased over the control only in alkaline soil. Increased nutrient and Si uptake was explained by the combination of physical and chemical properties of DE and was not only due to the contribution of amorphous silica. DE might be useful for improving the crop yield, but the soil composition and water regimes play a key role that influences the availability of nutrients in soils.
Published: 2018
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27. Establishment of a lithostratigraphic column in the Beli area (Northeastern Burkina Faso, West Africa) based on the occurrence of a glacial triad and a molassic sequences in Neoproterozoic sedimentary formations. Implications for the Pan-African orogeny

Author: Alain Blot, Alain Georges Nebie, Pascal Affaton, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Mariette Y.W. Miningou, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo [Ouagadougou] (UJZK), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRD Ouagadougou, and Compagnie minière Sanou Resources Burkina
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Pan african, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Orogeny, 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, West africa, 13. Climate action, Sedimentary rock, Glacial period, Physical geography, Geomorphology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: International audience; Les travaux menes des les annees 60 dans les formations sedimentaires de la region du Beli n'ont pas permis letablissement d'une echelle lithostratigraphique. Dans la presente etude, qui s'appuie sur une approche terrain a travers des leves de coupes geologiques et sur des etudes lithologique, petrographique et structurale, une triade, ainsi qu'une formation molassique ont ete mises en evidence pour la premiere fois dans cette portion du bassin. Ainsi, a l'instar des formations sedimentaires des bassins de Taoudeni et des Volta, celles de la region du Beli, localisees sur la bordure sud du bassin du Gourma (Nord-Est du Burkina Faso), comportent une association Tillite-calcaire-silexite qui a ete correlee a la triade du bassin de Taoudeni. L'echelle lithostratigraphique de la region du Beli comprend huit formations. La triade repose sur des gres-quartzites et est surmontee successivement par des shales, des dolomies, un ensemble metamorphique allochtone constitue de phyllades et par la formation molassique. Tout comme les formations carbonatees, certaines roches du complexe silexitique renferment des stromatolites ainsi que des micro-organismes. La deformation panafricaine se materialise par des plissements, une schistosite et par un reseau de failles. On y reconnait les phases compressives Dl, D3 et D4 des episodes tectoniques de l'orogenese panafricaine et on soupconne une reactivation des fractures au cours du cenozoique. Les caracteristiques des episodes tectoniques permettent de distinguer deux unites structurales: l'unite structurale du Nord-Beli (allochtone), caracterisee par une deformation de type ductile et un anchimetamorphisme, est charriee sur l'unite structurale du Sud-Beli (para-autochtone). Celle-ci est marquee par une deformation a dominante cassante, n'a subi aucun metamorphisme et est chevauchant sur le socle eburneen. La formation silexitique de la triade contient une mineralisation polymetallifere probablement enrichie lors des differents episodes tectoniques qui ont affecte cette formation. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2017
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28. Effect of phytoliths for mitigating water stress in durum wheat

Author: Roland Huc, Muhammad Anwar-ul-Haq, Vladimir Vidal, Clément Levard, Catherine Keller, Olivier Grauby, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Jacques Rabier, Perrine Chaurand, Isabelle Laffont-Schwob, Doris Barboni, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Agriculture Faisalabad - UAF (PAKISTAN), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Recherches Forestières Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-14-CE01-0002,ANR-10-EQPX-39-01, Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement (LPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Silicon, Physiology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Plant Science, drought, 01 natural sciences, Polyethylene Glycols, trichome, Stress, Physiological, wheat, PEG ratio, Water content, Triticum, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, Abiotic component, Chemistry, X-Rays, fungi, X-ray imaging, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Hydroponics, Trichome, Agronomy, Phytolith, phytolith, Shoot, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Composition (visual arts), 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The role of silicon (Si) in alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses in crops is well evidenced by empirical studies; however, the mechanisms by which it works are still poorly known. The aim of this study is to determine whether or not phytolith composition and distribution in wheat are affected by drought and, if so, why. Durum wheat was grown using hydroponics in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000 to perform a water-stress simulation. We developed an original method for in situ analysis of phytoliths in leaves via X-ray imaging. PEG was efficient in inhibiting water uptake by roots and creating stress, and prevented a small fraction of Si from being accumulated in the shoots. The application of Si with PEG maintained shoot and root fresh weights (FW) and relative water content at higher values than for plants without Si, especially at PEG 12%. Our data show that, under water stress in the presence of Si, accumulation of phytoliths over the veins provides better support to the leaf, thus allowing for a better development of the whole plant than in the absence of Si. The development of silicified trichomes in durum wheat depends primarily on the availability of Si in soil and is not an adaptation to water stress.
Published: 2017
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29. Incipient weathering by Stereocaulon vulcani at Réunion volcanic island

Author: Dominique Strasberg, Philippe Dussouillez, Jean-Dominique Meunier, S. Kirman, O. Grauby, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Basalt, food.ingredient, Stereocaulon, Geochemistry, Geology, Weathering, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Devonian, food, Denudation, Geochemistry and Petrology, Lichen, Chemical composition
Abstract: The impact of early land plants and fungi in increasing global weathering is still debated, particularly before the advent of vascular plants during the Devonian. Here we present a study of the incipient weathering of basalt by Stereocaulon vulcani , a native colonizing lichen on Reunion Island (Indian Ocean). We analyzed the chemistry and mineralogy of a 24-year-old flow located at low altitude that was mostly covered by S. vulcani with aboveground biomass of 6249 kg ha − 1 . The chemical composition of S. vulcani showed that besides C and N, Si and Fe were the dominant elements. The Si stored in the aboveground pioneer vegetation gives 27 kg ha − 1 , comparable to the Si stored in the old-growth at the Marelongue Reserve (Meunier et al., 2010). On thin sections, the inner part of S. vulcani was mostly composed of Si while Fe coatings observed at the base of the thallus may be the result of wind blow dust interception as suggested by Cochran and Berner (1992). Using BSE images on SEM, we showed evidence of dissolution of the glass matrix at the basalt–thallus contact. The quantification of porosity by digital imagery showed a variation between 7% in the unweathered zone to near to 40% at the surface. A maximum denudation rate of 6.7 μm year − 1 is estimated to fall within the range of the values reported in the literature. Using our data for analog to the past, we suggest that early land plants would have been capable to mobilize Si in a similar proportion as vascular plants and should have significantly affected the weathering of land before the advent of vascular plants.
Published: 2014
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30. Peatland ferruginization during late Quaternary in the Uberaba Plateau (South-Eastern Brazil)

Author: Olivier Grauby, César Augusto Chicarino Varajão, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Angélica Fortes Drummond Chicarino Varajão, Fabrice Colin, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Peat, Peatland, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Climate change, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Latosol, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, Carbon dynamics, Oxidation, Organic matter, Precipitation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Hydrology, chemistry.chemical_classification, geography, Plateau, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geology, 15. Life on land, Iron duricrust, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Quaternary, Brazil
Abstract: Due to the poor preservation of old peat formations and the limited research developed on them, the contribution of peat oxidation to the global C cycle at geological scales is poorly understood. Iron duricrusts containing abundant well-preserved plant structures have been reported above Humic Gleysols in the Uberaba Plateau (Brazil). We show that the iron accumulation results from an in-situ impregnation of peat, fast enough to preserve the plant structures. The formation of iron oxides results from two processes: precipitation in the pores and C/Fe replacement. The iron duricrusts were probably triggered by oxidation of the peatland following dry climatic events during the last 50 kyr. The large amount of iron dissolved in peatland waters was immobilized contemporaneously with the destruction of organic matter. The oxidation of organic matter from the lower peat, dated at ca 24–27 kyr BP, may have released between 0.08 and 2.26 kg CO2 m−2 yr−1 in the atmosphere. These rates are in a good agreement with present-day measurements of CO2 release from drained peatlands. Although peatland formation has been identified as a significant contributor to the global CO2 uptake, our findings suggest that natural peatland oxidation should also be considered as a source of atmospheric CO2 during past climate change.
Published: 2013
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31. Timescale of spheroidal weathering of a 293 kyr-old basaltic lava from Reunion Island, Indian Ocean

Author: Fabrice Colin, Christelle Claude, François Chabaux, Eric Pelt, Daouda Traoré, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Philippe Dussouillez, Bruno Hamelin, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Lava, Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Weathering, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Quaternary, Geochemistry and Petrology, Spheroidal weathering, 14. Life underwater, Uranium series, Quartz, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Basalt, disequilibrium, Chemical weathering, Andesite, Geology, Diorite, Reunion Island, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Corestone-shell complexes, engineering, Biotite
Abstract: Spheroidal weathering that forms corestone-shell complexes (hereafter, CSCs) is a common form of chemical weathering of rocks. In this study, we combine mineralogical and geochemical measurements with K-Ar dating and uranium series (U-series) analysis with the goal of constraining the rate of spheroidal weathering in three CSCs collected from a 3 m-deep basaltic lava flow profile from the Piton de la Fournaise volcano (Reunion Island). The K-Ar calculated age is 293 ± 12 kyr. Three zones with increasing degrees of chemical weathering can be identified, ranging from slightly weathered corestones, to gray and red shells. We show that weathering is isovolumetric. The red shells are characterized by a 100% loss of sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) and a 50% loss of silicon (Si); however, iron (Fe) and thorium (Th) are immobile and the red shells are enriched in uranium (U). To a lesser extent, the cores and the gray shells are also depleted in Na, K, Mg, Ca, Si and U. In the largest CSC (#3), the flux of U lost from the cores and the gray shells is similar to the flux of U gained in the red shells. Different gain-loss mass balance models based on U-Th disequilibria are tested to calculate the chemical weathering rate. Chemical weathering was considered to occur on a timescale of 293 ± 12 kyr; that is, since the deposition of the lava flow. Compared with U-series-based investigations of other spheroidal weathering systems under similar climatic conditions, the average estimated weathering rates (1–3 mm/kyr) in CSC (#3) are an order of magnitude higher than the lowest estimates (0.2 mm/kyr) and an order of magnitude lower than the highest estimates. These results suggest that the propagation of porosity resulting from the selective dissolution of the finely crystalline groundmass of these basalts occurred at lower velocities than the propagation of the fractures controlled by the oxidation of biotite in a quartz diorite at a Puerto Rico site. However, weathering on Reunion Island was faster than the weathering of andesite in a transitional core-rind from Costa Rica. Weathering of CSCs from Reunion may illustrate a different type of weathering that operates based on specific mechanisms of porosity formation. These mechanisms may be controlled by the development of vertical fractures during the formation of basaltic prisms. Comparing the weathering velocities estimated in this study with estimates of stream solute fluxes suggests that the extrapolation from the scale of the basalt profile to the scale of the island requires further attention.
Published: 2016
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32. Silicon alleviates Cd stress of wheat seedlings (Triticum turgidum L. cv. Claudio) grown in hydroponics

Author: Catherine Keller, Jean-Dominique Meunier, J. C. Davidian, Muhammad Rizwan, Nicolas Bovet, Oleg S. Pokrovsky, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Environmental Sciences [Faisalabad], Government College University of Faisalabad (GCUF), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), BIO-GEO-CLIM Laboratory, Tomsk State University [Tomsk], NanoGeoScience, University of Copenhagenn, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Anions, Silicon, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, Triticum turgidum, Photosynthesis, 01 natural sciences, Plant Roots, Cd, chemistry.chemical_compound, Pigment, Nitrate, Hydroponics, Botany, SEM-EDX, XPS, Environmental Chemistry, μXRF, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Triticum, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Durum wheat, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Cadmium, food and beverages, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, Phosphate, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Plant Leaves, Horticulture, chemistry, Seedlings, Mineral nutrients, visual_art, Shoot, Photosynthetic pigments, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Endodermis, Si, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: 2nd Contaminated Land, Ecological Assessment and Remediation (CLEAR 2014) Conference - Environmental Pollution and Remediation, Chuncheon, SOUTH KOREA, OCT 05-08, 2014; International audience; We investigated the potential role of silicon in improving tolerance and decreasing cadmium (Cd) toxicity in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. durum) either through a reduced Cd uptake or exclusion/sequestration in non-metabolic tissues. For this, plants were grown in hydroponic conditions for 10 days either in presence or absence of 1 mM Si and for 11 additional days in various Cd concentrations (0, 0.5, 5.0 and 50 mu M). After harvesting, morphological and physiological parameters as well as elemental concentrations were recorded. Cadmium caused reduction in growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments and mineral nutrient concentrations both in shoots and roots. Shoot and root contents of malate, citrate and aconitate increased, while contents of phosphate, nitrate and sulphate decreased with increasing Cd concentrations in plants. Addition of Si to the nutrient solution mitigated these adverse effects: Cd concentration in shoots decreased while concentration of Cd adsorbed at the root cell apoplasmic level increased together with Zn uptake by roots. Overall, total Cd uptake decreased in presence of Si. There was no co-localisation of Cd and Si either at the shoot or at the root levels. No Cd was detected in leaf phytoliths. In roots, Cd was mainly detected in the cortical parenchyma and Si at the endodermis level, while analysis of the outer thin root surface of the plants grown in the 50 mu M Cd + 1 mM Si treatment highlighted non-homogeneous Cd and Si enrichments. These data strongly suggest the existence of a root localised protection mechanism consisting in armoring the root surface by Si- and Cd-bearing compounds and in limiting root-shoot translocation.
Published: 2016
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33. Intraspecific biogenic silica variations in the grass species Pennisetum pedicellatum along an evapotranspiration gradient in South Niger

Author: M. Saadou, N. Zirihi-Guede, Camille Contoux, Doris Barboni, P. Dussouillez, Jean-Dominique Meunier, I. Issaharou-Matchi, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Phytolith, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Plant Science, Biogenic silica, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Pennisetum pedicellatum, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Plant functional ecology, Sahel, Dry season, Botany, Leaf size, Precipitation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, biology, Drought, Chemistry, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, Bulliform cell, Grass traits, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Soil water, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Climate influences terrestrial Si and C cycles. To evaluate how drought influences Si dynamics in African savannahs we studied 12 sites along a climatic gradient of precipitation and drought-stress in South Niger. We analysed plant traits and Si (phytolith) content in 12 specimens of a drought adapted grass species (Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin.), and in surface soils. Phytolith/amorphous silica (ASi) was quantified by the 1%Na2CO3 (nc) digestion method, and the acid plus heavy-liquid extraction method (bz). Phytolith morphotypes were also analysed under the microscope. Our results show that with increasing drought-stress (decreasing AET/PET and precipitation, and increasing temperature), ASi in P. pedicellatum (ApSinc and ApSibz) increases, while ASi in soils (AsSibz) decreases. ApSinc shows higher correlation with precipitation of the wettest month (Pwet, r = −0.84, p < 0.001), AET/PET (r = −0.73, p < 0.01) and length of dry season (r = 0.83, p < 0.001) than with AsSibz (r = −0.59, p < 0.05). Plant height increases with increasing precipitation (r = 0.61, p < 0.05). Leaf area is positively correlated with AsSibz (r = 0.81, p < 0.01). Bulliform phytoliths in P. pedicellatum growing under driest climate represent up to 12% of the leaf phytolith assemblage and just 2% in specimens sampled south of ∼13°N at more humid sites. Thus, the abundance of silicified bulliform cells is strongly negatively correlated with Pwet (r = −0.92, p < 0.001) and AET/PET (r = −0.93, p < 0.001). Other intra-specific variations, e.g. the length of bilobate phytoliths, are not observed along the climatic gradients documented here. We conclude that drought and evapotranspiration rates influence plant height and leaf size, increase Si uptake by the C4 grass P. pedicellatum, and favour silicification of the bulliform (motor) cells triggering leaf movements. In surface soils, greater phytolith accumulation is likely due to higher plant productivity and weaker soil erosion at humid sites.
Published: 2016
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34. Impact of agriculture on the Si biogeochemical cycle: Input from phytolith studies

Author: Flore Guntzer, Doris Barboni, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Catherine Keller, Jérôme Labreuche, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Expt Stn, ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Earth science, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Weathering, Soil science, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Terrestrial plant, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, business.industry, ved/biology, Aquatic ecosystem, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Straw, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Phytolith, Agriculture, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, business, Clay minerals
Abstract: The cycles of C and Si are closely related to the weathering of silicates. In both cycles, terrestrial plants make significant contributions to the weathering budget and soil formation. The perturbation of the terrestrial Si cycle by human occupation has become a challenging issue because of possible impact on the equilibrium of aquatic ecosystems and agriculture sustainability. The recycling of Si stored in plants as phytoliths may control the Si cycle in the short-term. A review of the recent literature shows that the biogeochemical cycling of Si that is generally not impacted by atmospheric input or fertilisation, is significantly altered by agriculture through the depletion of the phytoliths pool. We present here new evidence that the exportation of straw can lead to the depletion of the soil phytoliths pool in ∼10 years. In order to maintain the current levels of Si in crops, the contribution of other soil silicates such as clay minerals to the phytoavailable silica pool may become a key parameter, when straw is exported.
Published: 2012
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35. The output and bio-cycling of Si in a tropical rain forest developed on young basalt flows (La Reunion Island)

Author: E. Delcher, Eric-André Nicolini, Catherine Keller, Dominique Strasberg, Jean-Dominique Meunier, and S. Kirman
Subjects: P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, Hydrology, Biomass (ecology), Biogeochemical cycle, Soil Science, Tropics, Biogeochemistry, Rainforest, Plant litter, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Litter, Silicium, Environmental science, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Forêt tropicale humide, Cycling
Abstract: The importance of plant bio-cycling in the biogeochemical cycle of Si has been pointed out by recent studies. We analysed the litter and wood chemical composition of a lowland rainforest (Marelongue Reserve, Reunion Island, Indian ocean) not impacted by human activities, developed on a recent basalt flow dated ci 500 years. The amount of elements stored in the above ground biomass falls within the range of tropical forests developed on moderately fertile older soils with Ca, K, Mg and Si values respectively at 1458 kg ha −1 , 1506 kg ha −1 , 246 kg ha −1 and 17 kg ha −1 . The estimated mineral uptake of the old trees gives a flux equivalent to 5 ± 2% of the elements returned to the soil with litterfall. The four species that contribute the most to the litterfall with 70% of the leaf fall represent only 45% of the annual Si bio cycling. The result demonstrates that species that are not highly productive in a rain forest could be significant for the bio-cycling of parent-rock elements such as Si. A mass balance calculation shows that the dissolved silicon (DSi) issued from the dissolution of basalt is 1.8 times the DSi from litterfall. Here, the biogeochemical cycle of Si is characterized by a limited contribution of the bio-cycling compartment compared to other cases reported for rainforests.
Published: 2010
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36. Diatomite and rice husk biochar as silicon source and its effect on yield of wetland rice

Author: Kollalu Sandhya, Jean-Dominique Meunier, and Nagabovanalli B. Prakash
Subjects: geography, Yield (engineering), geography.geographical_feature_category, Silicon, chemistry, Agronomy, Biochar, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, Environmental science, Wetland, Agronomy and Crop Science, Husk
Published: 2018
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37. Experimental study of terrestrial plant litter interaction with aqueous solutions

Author: F. Fraysse, Oleg S. Pokrovsky, Jean-Dominique Meunier, LMTG TOULOUSE, Partenaires IRSTEA, and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
Subjects: Larix gmelinii, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Mineralogy, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Dissolved organic carbon, Kaolinite, Organic matter, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Dissolution, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Chemistry, Soil organic matter, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, biology.organism_classification, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Equisetum arvense, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Quantification of silicon and calcium recycling by plants is hampered by the lack of physico-chemical data on reactivity of plant litter in soil environments. We applied a laboratory experimental approach for determining the silica and calcium release rates from litter of typical temperate and boreal plants: pine (Pinus laricio), birch (Betula pubescens), larch (Larix gmelinii), elm (Ulmus laevis Pall.), tree fern (Dicksonia squarrosa), and horsetail (Equisetum arvense) in 0.01 M NaCl solutions, pH of 2–10 and temperature equals to 5, 25 and 40 °C. Open system, mixed-flow reactors equipped with dialysis compartment and batch reactors were used. Comparative measurements were performed on intact larch needles and samples grounded during different time, sterilized or not and with addition or not of sodium azide in order to account for the effect of surface to mass ratio and possible microbiological activity on the litter dissolution rates. Litter degradation results suggest that the silica release rate is independent on dissolved organic carbon release (cell breakdown) which implies the presence of phytoliths in a pure “inorganic” pool not complexed with organic matter. Calcium and DOC are released at the very first stage of litter dissolution while Si concentration increases gradually suggesting the presence of Ca and Si in two different pools. The dry-weight normalized dissolution rate at circum-neutral pH range (approx. 1–10 μmol/gDW/day) is 2 orders of magnitude higher than the rates of Si release from common soil minerals (kaolinite, smectite, illite). Minimal Ca release rates evaluated from batch and mixed-flow reactors are comparable with those of most reactive soil minerals such as calcite and apatite, and several orders of magnitude higher than the dissolution rates of major rock-forming silicates (feldspars, pyroxenes). The activation energy for Si liberation from plant litter is approx. 50 kJ/mol which is comparable with that of surface-controlled mineral dissolutions. It is shown that the Si release rate from the above-ground forest biomass is capable of producing the Si concentrations observed in soil solutions of surficial horizons and contribute significantly to the Si flux from the soil to the river.
Published: 2010
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38. Terrestrial plant-Si and environmental changes

Author: Jean-Dominique Meunier, S. Kirman, Flore Guntzer, and Catherine Keller
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, ved/biology, Phytolith, Earth science, Terrestrial plant, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Environmental science, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Field (geography), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The importance of silica in terrestrial land plants has been recognized since the middle of the 19th century with applications in agronomy and palaeovegetation reconstruction. In this presentation, we will review the latest advances in our understanding of phytolith formation and present a few examples of applications in the field of global environmental changes.
Published: 2008
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39. Iron-bearing phases in a peat-derived duricrust from Brazil

Author: Fabrice Colin, C. A. C. Varajão, Angélica Fortes Drummond Chicarino Varajão, Jean-Dominique Meunier, and G. M. Da Costa
Subjects: Goethite, Horizon (archaeology), visual_art, Cation-exchange capacity, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Soil Science, Mineralogy, Kaolinite, Soil horizon, Saprolite, Gibbsite, Duricrust, Geology
Abstract: The formation of aluminium-substituted iron-minerals is still subject to debate. We report a case study in a Humic Gleysol soil profile, developed on a sedimentary saprolite, from a basin floor on the Uberaba Plateau (Minas Gerais State, Brazil) where iron-phases are crystallized by a ferruginization process. The mineralogical and chemical properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The specific surface area (BET method) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were also determined. The soil profile is mainly composed of gibbsite, kaolinite and amorphous alumino-silicate phases, the latter being more frequent in the H horizon where the organic carbon content is greater. The surface area and CEC values are also greater in the H horizon (58.6 m 2 g -1 and 4.65 mol c kg -1 , respectively) which indicates an increase in porosity caused by the presence of 20.8% of organic matter and amorphous materials. Goethite occurs as a secondary mineral in the H horizon and as the main mineral in the duricrust in association with haematite. The omnipresence of aluminium in the environment (24.6-46.2% of Al 2 O 3 ) resulted in Al-substitution in all iron-bearing phases but the goethite from the H horizon has the greatest Al-for-Fe substitution, with at least 20 mole per cent of aluminium. In spite of the greater microporosity and wetness of the H horizon, the immediate contact with the richest Al-source (gibbsite) favours the precipitation of unusually greatly Al-substituted goethite instead of haematite in this horizon.
Published: 2007
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40. Effect of silicon on wheat seedlings (Triticum turgidum L.) grown in hydroponics and exposed to 0 to 30 µM Cu

Author: Muhammad Rizwan, Catherine Keller, Nicolas Bovet, Perrine Chaurand, Oleg S. Pokrovsky, Jean-Dominique Meunier, J. C. Davidian, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Environmental Sciences [Faisalabad], Government College University of Faisalabad (GCUF), Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), BIO-GEO-CLIM Laboratory, Tomsk State University [Tomsk], NanoGeoScience, University of Copenhagenn, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Anions, Silicon, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], chemistry.chemical_element, Plant Science, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Plant Roots, Adsorption, Hydroponics, Desorption, Botany, Genetics, medicine, Element localisation, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Biomass, Photosynthesis, μXRF, Triticum, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Durum wheat, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Chemistry, Copper toxicity, medicine.disease, Copper, Roots, 6. Clean water, Plant Leaves, Seedlings, Shoot, Endodermis, Central cylinder, Plant Shoots, 010606 plant biology & botany, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract: International audience; Aqueous Si limits Cu uptake by a Si-accumulating plant via physicochemical mechanisms occurring at the root level. Sufficient Si supply may alleviate Cu toxicity in Cu-contaminated soils. Little information is available on the role of silicon (Si) in copper (Cu) tolerance while Cu toxicity is widespread in crops grown on Cu-contaminated soils. A hydroponic study was set up to investigate the influence of Si on Cu tolerance in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) grown in 0, 0.7, 7.0 and 30 µM Cu without and with 1.0 mM Si, and to identify the mechanisms involved in mitigation of Cu toxicity. Si supply alleviated Cu toxicity in durum wheat at 30 µM Cu, while Cu significantly increased Si concentration in roots. Root length, photosynthetic pigments concentrations, macroelements, and organic anions (malate, acetate and aconitate) in roots, were also increased. Desorption experiments, XPS analysis of the outer thin root surface (≤100 Å) and µXRF analyses showed that Si increased adsorption of Cu at the root surface as well as Cu accumulation in the epidermis while Cu was localised in the central cylinder when Si was not applied. Copper was not detected in phytoliths. This study provides evidences for Si-mediated alleviation of Cu toxicity in durum wheat. It also shows that Si supplementation to plants exposed to increasing levels of Cu in solution induces non-simultaneous changes in physiological parameters. We propose a three-step mechanism occurring mainly at the root level and limiting Cu uptake and translocation to shoots: (i) increased Cu adsorption onto the outer thin layer root surface and immobilisation in the vicinity of root epidermis, (ii) increased Cu complexation by both inorganic and organic anions such as aconitate and, (iii) limitation of translocation through an enhanced thickening of a Si-loaded endodermis.
Published: 2015
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41. Controls of DSi in streams and reservoirs along the Kaveri River, South India

Author: Muddu Sekhar, Jean-Jacques Braun, Jean Riotte, F. Chalié, Loredana Saccone, Doris Barboni, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Indo-French Cell for Water Sciences (IFCWS), Indian Institute of Science [Bangalore] (IISc Bangalore), Department of Animal and Plant Sciences [Sheffield], University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Indo-French Cell for Water Science, Indian Institute of Science, Indo-French Cell for Water Sciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Irrigation, Silicon, Monsoon, Environmental Engineering, Watershed, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Dissolved silica, Weathering, Drainage basin, Dissolved solids, India, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, STREAMS, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Rivers, Tributary, Environmental Chemistry, Water Pollutants, Waste Management and Disposal, Humic Substances, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Reservoir, Hydrology, Kaveri Basin, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Agriculture, 15. Life on land, Total dissolved solids, Pollution, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Seasons, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: There is an increasing body of evidence showing that land use may affect the concentration and flux of dissolved silica (DSi) and amorphous, biogenic Si particles (ASi/BSi) in surface waters. Here, we present a study of riverine waters collected within the Kaveri River Basin, which has a long history of land occupation with + 43% population increase in the watershed during the last 30 years associated with agricultural practices including canal irrigation from reservoirs and, more recently, bore well pumping. We report total dissolved solids (TDS) and suspended material (TSM) for 15 river stations and 5 reservoirs along the Kaveri itself and its main tributaries sampled during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon periods in 2006 and 2007. The TDS in the Kaveri River globally increases from the upper reaches (humid to sub-humid climate) to the lower reaches (semi-arid climate), and at a given station from monsoon (M) to hot season (HS). The DSi concentrations range from 129 μmol L − 1 (M) to 390 μmol L − 1 (HS) in the main Kaveri stream and reaches up to 686 μmol L − 1 in the Shimsha River (HS). Our results indicate that DSi and the main solutes of the Kaveri River have not drastically changed since the last 30 years despite the population increase. The pollution index of Van der Weijden and Pacheco (2006) ranges from 13% to 54% but DSi does not seem to be affected by domestic wastewater. ASi is mostly composed of diatoms and phytoliths that both play roles in controlling DSi. We suggest that DSi and ASi delivered to the cultivated areas through irrigation from reservoir may have two important consequences: increasing Si bioavailability for crops and limiting Si flux to the ocean.
Published: 2015
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42. Le rôle des plantes dans le transfert du silicium à la surface des continents

Author: Jean-Dominique Meunier
Subjects: Global and Planetary Change, Chemistry, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Forestry
Abstract: Resume Le silicium est apres l'oxygene l'element le plus abondant de la lithosphere (27 % en poids). Les plantes et les microorganismes des sols participent activement aux processus d'alteration des mineraux silicates. Les plantes sont egalement capables d'accumuler jusqu'a plusieurs pour cent de Si dans leur biomasse. L'importance des plantes sur les taux d'exportation de silicium dissous dans les eaux de surface est discutee ici. Pour citer cet article : J.-D. Meunier, C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).
Published: 2003
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43. Sediment transport in coastal waters

Author: Olivier Grauby, Benjamin Moreton, Pascal Douillet, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Jean-Michel Fernandez, Sylvain Ouillon, UR Camelia, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Echanges Côte-Large (ECOLA), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Caractérisation et modélisation des échanges dans des lagons soumis aux influences terrigènes et anthropiques (CAMELIA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Guyane]), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Guyanne]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), ECOLA LEGOS, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales ( LEGOS ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Caractérisation et modélisation des échanges dans des lagons soumis aux influences terrigènes et anthropiques ( CAMELIA ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie] ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [Guyanne] ), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille ( CINaM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ouillon, Sylvain (ed.)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geography, Planning and Development, Sediment trap (geology), 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, sediment transport, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Metal, suspended sediment, New Caledonia, dry season, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Dry season, lagoon, geochemistry, Ni mining, sediment trap, hydrodynamics, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Coral reef, Particulates, [ SDU.STU.GC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Oceanography, visual_art, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Bay, Sediment transport, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Coral reef lagoons of New Caledonia form the second longest barrier reef in the world. The island of New Caledonia is also one of the main producers of nickel (Ni) worldwide. Therefore, understanding the fate of metals in its lagoon waters generated from mining production is essential to improving the management of the mining activities and to preserve the ecosystems. In this paper, the vertical fluxes of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and metals were quantified in three bays during a dry season. The vertical particulate flux (on average 37.70 ± 14.60 g·m 2 ·d −1) showed fractions rich in fine particles. In Boulari Bay (moderately impacted by the mining activities), fluxes were mostly influenced by winds and SPM loads. In the highly impacted bay of St Vincent and in the weakly impacted bay of Dumbéa, tide cycles clearly constrained the SPM and metal dynamics. Metals were associated with clay and iron minerals transported by rivers and lagoonal minerals, such as carbonates, and possibly neoformed clay as suggested by an unusually Ni-rich serpentine. Particle aggregation phenomena led to a reduction in the metal concentrations in the SPM, as identified by the decline in the metal distribution constants (K d).
Published: 2017
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44. Importance of weathering and human perturbations on the riverine transport of Si

Author: Jean-Jacques Braun, Jean Riotte, Chikkakenchaiah Kumar, Muddu Sekhar, and Jean-Dominique Meunier
Subjects: Hydrology, biology, Tropics, Weathering, Groundwater recharge, Vegetation, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Diatom, Geochemistry and Petrology, Deforestation, Urbanization, Environmental Chemistry, Eutrophication, Geology
Abstract: The global Si cycle is strongly controlled by riverine input. Over the last decade two parameters have been shown to play a significant role in the control of dissolved Si (DSi): biology, through the effects of diatom blooms and vegetation growth, and human activity, through the effects of eutrophication, urbanisation, agriculture, deforestation and damming. Human perturbations should now be better quantified when modelling the global Si cycle and particularly in the tropics. A case study is presented based on preliminary data along the Kaveri river (India) strongly impacted by dams. It is suggested that DSi is controlled by a combined effect of chemical weathering, damming and groundwater recharge.
Published: 2011
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45. Evidence of sulfur-bound reduced copper in bamboo exposed to high silicon and copper concentrations

Author: Patrick Cazevieille, Emmanuel Doelsch, Catherine Keller, Frédéric Panfili, Perrine Chaurand, Blanche Collin, Marie Tella, J. L. Hazemann, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer - Centre Georges-François Leclerc (CRLCC - CGFL), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne [Dijon] (ICMUB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Recyclage et risque (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 78 Recyclage et risque), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique (LGIT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), MRS - Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure, Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire Paragraphe (PARAGRAPHE), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine, Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), UNICANCER, Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Recyclage et risque (UPR Recyclage et risque), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (MRS), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer - Centre Georges-François Leclerc ( CRLCC - CGFL ), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne [Dijon] ( ICMUB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), UPR Recyclage et Risque, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique ( LRI ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique ( LGIT ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées ( LCPC ) -Institut des Sciences de la Terre ( ISTerre ), Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux ( IFSTTAR ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux ( IFSTTAR ), Institut Néel ( NEEL ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes [Saint Martin d'Hères]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes [Saint Martin d'Hères], Laboratoire Paragraphe, Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis ( UP8 ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (NEEL - MRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Silicon, Bamboo, Environmental remediation, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, chemistry.chemical_element, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, Poaceae, F61 - Physiologie végétale : nutrition, Toxicology, Plant Roots, F62 - Physiologie végétale : croissance et développement, Hydroponics, Botany, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, P36 - Érosion, conservation et récupération des sols, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], biology, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Sulfur, Copper, 6. Clean water, Plant Leaves, Phytoremediation, Phyllostachys, F61 - Physiologie végétale - Nutrition, Models, Chemical, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, H50 - Troubles divers des plantes
Abstract: We examined copper (Cu) absorption, distribution and toxicity and the role of a silicon (Si) supple-mentation in the bamboo Phyllostachys fastuosa. Bamboos were maintained in hydroponics for 4 monthsand submitted to two different Cu (1.5 and 100 m mCu 2þ ) and Si (0 and 1.1 mM) concentrations. Cu and Sipartitioning and Cu speciation were investigated by chemical analysis, microscopic and spectroscopictechniques. Copper was present as Cu(I) and Cu(II) depending on plant parts. Bamboo mainlycoped withhigh Cu exposure by: (i) high Cu sequestration in the root (ii) Cu(II) binding to amino and carboxyl li-gands in roots, and (iii) Cu(I) complexation with both organic and inorganic sulfur ligands in stems andleaves. Silicon supplementation decreased the visible damage induced by high Cu exposure and modiﬁedCu speciation in the leaves where a higher proportion of Cu was present as inorganic Cu(I)S compounds,which may be less toxic. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. IntroductionPhytoremediation technologies are currently used for waste-water treatment (McCutcheon and Schnoor, 2003; Schroder et al.,2007; Vymazal, 2011). Bamboos are known for their high growthrate and biomass production as well as their resistance to a widerange of stress factors (Kleinhenz and Midmore, 2001), and theyare well adapted for the wastewater remediation (Arﬁ et al., 2009).Wastewater from food and farming industries (such as winery(Arﬁ et al., 2009), animal breeding (Nicholson et al.,1999)) or fromother industries (such as printing) can be contaminated bydifferent metals, including copper (Cu), a micro-nutrient that canbe toxic at high concentrations and affect the remediationefﬁciency. Little is known about the absorption and tolerance ofmetal by bamboos (Collin et al., 2013, 2012). In an hydroponicexperiment bamboos, (Gigantocloa sp. “Malay dwarf”) were shownto tolerate a high Cu concentration (Collin et al., 2013) which isknown to be toxic for other Poaceae plants such as wheat (Bravinet al., 2010) and Sabi grass (Kopittke et al., 2009). Therefore, inorder to improve phytoremediation technology, it is essential totest the extent of Cu tolerance in bamboos and identify mecha-nisms by which bamboos are able to cope with an excess Cucontent.Bamboos have been found to be very efﬁcient in accumulatinghighamountsofsilicon(Si)intheirtissues,bothinnatural,i.e.upto183 mg g
Published: 2014
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46. Interet de l'etude du cycle biogeochimique du silicium pour interpreter la dynamique des sols tropicaux

Author: Anne Alexandre, Jean-Jacques Braun, Jean-Dominique Meunier, and Fabrice Colin
Subjects: Biogeochemical cycle, Dissolved silica, Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Geology, Weathering, Biogenic silica, Phytolith, visual_art, Soil water, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Charcoal, Dissolution
Abstract: Recent studies on the biogeochemical cycle of silica put new constraints into models of genesis and evolution of silica in tropical environments. The role of plants in weathering mass balances are illustrated by phytolith studies. In Dimonika (Congo) latosols, dissolved silica originates mainly from the dissolution of phytoliths rather than from the dissolution of non-biogenic silicates. In andosols from La Reunion island (Indian Ocean), a 15 cm thick, biogenic silica accumulation formed within 4000 years from bamboo forests fires. The turn-over of silica by plants must therefore be taken into account in studies of weathering rates. Weathering rates of trachytic ash layers in La Reunion island show that all the primary minerals are destroyed and that 50% of amorphous secondary Al/Si products are transformed into halloysite. Theses rates, which are faster than the ones obtained in the Hawaii islands, may strongly influence the turn-over of carbon in soils. Besides, phytoliths preserved from dissolution may help to decipher the records of environmental changes in soils. In Salitre (Brazil), the phytolith distribution has been calibrated with charcoal and pollens. The age of phytoliths, which increases with depth, allow to trace the savanna/forest changes.
Published: 2001
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47. Phytoliths: indicators of grassland dynamics during the late Holocene in intertropical Africa

Author: Anne-Marie Lézine, Annie Vincens, Dominique Schwartz, Anne Alexandre, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Paléontologie et stratigraphie (URA 1761 / ESA 7073 / FRE 2400), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), URA 1761-CNRS Paléontologie et stratigraphie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: MILIEU LACUSTRE, 010506 paleontology, paleoenvironment, PHYTOLITHE, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands, PALEOENVIRONNEMENT, Woodland, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Shrub, PALYNOLOGIE, Grassland, savannas, HOLOCENE, phytoliths, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, 2. Zero hunger, QUATERNAIRE, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, ved/biology, PALEOBOTANIQUE, Dicotyledon, Paleontology, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, tracers, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Phytolith, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Geology
Abstract: International audience; The reconstruction of African tropical grassland history during the late Holocene can be carried out using phytolith analysis. Fossil phytolith assemblages from Lake Guiers, in the Sahelian region of Senegal, and from Lake Sinnda, in the Guineo-Congolian region of Congo were investigated. The results are interpreted on the basis of modern phytolith assemblages from the same regions and compared to pollen data previously obtained. Tall or short grass associations are discriminated by their phytolith index lph(%)=saddle/(cross + dumbel + saddle), while the density of shrubs and trees is indicated by relative proportions of the dicotyledon phytoliths. The phytolith data emphasize that, in the Guineo-Congolian region around Lake Sinnda, the driest phase of the late Holocene occurred between 4000 and 1200 yr B.P., commencing with the opening of the dense forest and its replacement by a short grass savanna. From ca. 1000 yr B.P., wetter climatic conditions developed, as represented by the setting up of a tall grass savanna woodland. The modern shrub and tall grass savanna was developed ca. 700 yr B.P. In the Sahelian region around Lake Guiers, the driest phase occurred after about 2000 yr B.P. and has not been followed by moister conditions. A tall grass savanna woodland was gradually replaced by a shrub and short grass savanna which still occurs. A short period of development of swampy vegetation, which can be related to a lake level change, interrupted the semi-arid adaptation of the vegetation, between about 2000 yr B.P. and the present.
Published: 1997
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48. Non-reversible geosystem destabilisation at 4200 cal. BP: Sedimentological, geochemical and botanical markers of soil erosion recorded in a Mediterranean alpine lake

Author: Jérôme Poulenard, Edouard Bard, Claire Delhon, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Edward J. Anthony, Kazuyo Tachikawa, Frédéric Guiter, Cécile Miramont, Elodie Brisset, Franck Sumera, Fabien Arnaud, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Chaire Evolution du climat et de l'océan, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Centre Camille Jullian - Histoire et archéologie de la Méditerranée et de l'Afrique du Nord de la protohistoire à la fin de l'Antiquité (CCJ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collège de France - Chaire Evolution du climat et de l'océan, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, human pressure, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Erosion des sols, tipping point, 01 natural sciences, Stage (stratigraphy), Forest cover, impact anthropique, Destabilisation, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, Environmental history, Evènement de 4200 cal. BP, point de bascule, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, 4.2 ka event, Global and Planetary Change, soil erosion, Ecology, Mediterranean Alps, Paleontology, 15. Life on land, Tipping point (climatology), Alpes Méditerranéennes, 13. Climate action, Soil water, Human pressure, Physical geography, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Geology, XRF core scanner
Abstract: International audience; A 144-cm-long core was obtained in Lake Petit (2200 m a.s.l., Mediterranean French Alps) in order to reconstruct past interactions between humans, the environment and the climate over the last five millennia using a multidisciplinary approach involving sedimentological, geochemical and botanical analyses. We show a complex pattern of environmental transformation. From 4800 to 4200 cal. BP, podzol-type soils progressively developed under forest cover. This stable situation was interrupted by a major detrital pulse at 4200 cal. BP that we consider as a tipping point in the environmental history. At this point, pedogenetic processes drastically regressed, leading to the development of moderately weathered soils. More frequent detrital inputs are recorded since 3000 cal. BP (AD 1050) as the human impact significantly increased in the catchment area. We conclude that destabilisation of the environment was triggered by climate and exacerbated by human activities to a stage beyond resilience.
Published: 2013
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49. A model for porosity reduction in quartzite reservoirs by quartz cementation

Author: Jean-Dominique Meunier and Martin Canals
Subjects: Cement, Dissolved silica, Geochemistry and Petrology, Compaction, Mineralogy, Cementation (geology), Porosity, Quartz, Grain size, Isothermal process, Geology
Abstract: Quartz cementation is an important process of porosity reduction in sandstones. A mathematical model is presented for predicting the distribution and amount of quartz cement in a sandstone reservoir as a function of time and space. The approach combines kinetics and transport mechanism and incorporates the following assumptions: (1) no compaction during cementation, (2) transport of dissolved silica by advection, (3) surface-controlled growth, (4) sands simplified to a framework of spheres, and (5) isothermal system. The model predicts that low flow rates, small grain size, and higher temperatures favor limited volume of quartz cement because the pores are rapidly obstructed. Pervasive cementations are predicted in the presence of coarse-grain sands, high fluid flows, and low temperatures. Substantial volumes of quartz may occur within 250,000 years under conditions of shallow burial ( T = 20° C , u = 10 m y ). During conditions of deeper burial and higher temperatures (T = 80°C), quartz cement should form during geologically rapid events rather than during the entire history of burial.
Published: 1995
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50. Approche multidisciplinaire d’une séquence lacustre holocène dans les alpes du sud au Lac Petit (Mercantour, alt. 2 200 m, France) : histoire d’un géosystème dégradé

Author: Edward J. Anthony, Jean-Robert Disnar, Cécile Miramont, Jérôme Poulenard, Bruno Wilhelm, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Elodie Brisset, Fabien Arnaud, Claire Delhon, Christine Paillès, Frédéric Guiter, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, human impact, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, sédiments lacustres, 01 natural sciences, Sequence (geology), Multidisciplinary approach, évènement de 4 200 cal. BP, végétation, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, 4.2 ka event, French Southern Alps, soil erosion, sédiment lacustre, lacustrine sediment, érosion des sols, Sediment, Geology, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, anthropisation, Alpes du Sud, 13. Climate action, pollen, Physical geography, Holocène
Abstract: L’analyse multiproxies à haute résolution d’une séquence sédimentaire prélevée dans le Lac Petit (alt. 2 200 m, vallon des Millefonts, Mercantour, France) a permis d’étudier les interactions climat-environnement-Homme à l’Holocène récent en contexte de haute montagne dans les Alpes du Sud. Grâce aux analyses lithostratigraphiques, géochimiques et palynologiques, trois grandes phases ont pu être reconstituées : (1) une période de stabilité relative de l’écosystème de 4 750 à 4 350 cal. BP, caractérisée par une sédimentation lacustre dominante et des sols développés sur les versants, (2) de 4 350 à 1 550 cal. BP, une augmentation des apports érosifs contemporaine d’une dégradation des sols superficiels et du couvert forestier, (3) une phase de déstabilisation intense et définitive des versants depuis 1 550 cal. BP. Le climat a certainement joué un rôle dans la dynamique du bassin-versant, mais l’Homme, dont l’impact reste discret jusqu’à 1 550 cal. BP, pourrait être un facteur majeur de perturbation des écosystèmes du vallon des Millefonts pendant le Subatlantique. Enfin, la récurrence d’apports terrigènes pourrait témoigner d’évènements orageux de forte intensité dont les conséquences érosives ont pu être amplifiées localement par l’augmentation de la pression agro-pastorale et des activités minières. High resolution multiproxy analyses, including sedimentological, geochemical and palynological investigations, were carried out on a 144-cm-long sediment profile from Lake Petit (2 200 m a.s.l., Vallon des Millefonts, Mercantour, in the French Southern Alps). This allowed us to reconstruct complex interactions between climate, environment and human during the Late Holocene. We identify three phases: (1) a first phase (4 750 to 4 350 cal. BP) characterized by a dominant lake sedimentation and developed soils on slopes, (2) a second period (4 350 to 1 550 cal. BP) marked by an abrupt switch in sediment source and an input of organic allochthonous matter linked with soil erosion and a more open landscape, (3) a final phase (since 1 550 cal. BP) of intense destabilization of slopes. Even if climate could have triggered such drastic changes, discreet but continuous human impact until 1 550 cal. BP might be the main factor of degradation of slopes and ecosystems in the valley. The record of abundant terrigenous input also suggests that high-intensity rainfall events might have occurred, while agro-pastoralism and local mining activities continuously weakened slopes.
Published: 2012
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