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Stygarctus keralensis Vishnudattan, Bijoy Nandan, Hansen & Jayachandran sp. nov. ( Figs. 2���7, Table 1 ) Diagnosis. Cephalic region is marked by the presence of a set of cephalic cirri, a pair of club shaped primary clavae and bent sausage shaped secondary clavae; five micro-spines on first and four on the second funnel shaped lateral processes; presence of minute spikes on the third lateral processes; moderately sculptured cephalic and caudal plate with unsculptured body plates I-III; caudal plate with pair of dorsal antero-lateral lobes, pair of ventro-lateral lobes, pair of round lateral processes and pair of caudal spikes; ventral plates present on body segment I-III; pair of terminal bifurcated dorsal spines fringed with thin cuticle; ventral pores/muscle attachments present on all the body segments; female genital structure with double looped seminal receptacle duct along with a bow shaped internal thickening present in between female gonopore and anus. Materials examined. Holotype: MB /SBN/VD1: adult female mounted in glycerol. Paratypes: MB /SBN/VD2, VD3, VD4 and VD5: four adult female mounted in glycerol; MB /SBN/VD6, VD7: two adult male mounted in glycerol. Stygarctus gourbaultae paratype (USNM 62017) from Smithsonian; Stygarctus gourbaultae holotype (MNHN AT50) from Museum National d���Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Type locality: Vadakara beach, in front of old sea bridge, Calicut, Kerala, Southwest coast of India (11��60.077���N, 75��57.702���E) on February 2020. Type depositories: Seven specimens were submitted in the Marine Biology museum (voucher no: MB /SBN/ VD1- 7), of the Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT). Description of holotype. The body length (from anterior rim of cephalic plate to the base of caudal spikes) of adult female specimen is 129.6 ��m with 45.2 ��m width. Body is slightly curved ventrally. Moderately sculptured dorsal cephalic plate with horizontal markings on medio-lateral lobes and vertical markings between lateral lobes. Dorsal body plates I-III are rigid, translucent and unsculptured without any markings (Figs. 2, 7A); ventral region is composed of three ventral plates (Fig. 3). Cephalic plate is composed of medial lobe, a pair of medio-lateral and lateral lobes. A conical shaped anteriorly protruded mouth cone on ventral side in between ventral lobes. A pair of bend sausage-shaped secondary clavae (12.5 ��m) arise from the anterior portion of ventral lobes. Lateral cirrus (16.2 ��m) with short scapus (3.4 ��m) and flagellum (12.8 ��m) attached to each lateral lobe just anterior to the bulbshaped, paired primary clava (5.1 ��m). A pair of internal cirri (13.5 ��m) each with short scapus (2 ��m) and flagellum (11.5 ��m) attached to medial lobe emerging from the cirrophore. A pair of external cirri (12 ��m) each with short scapus (2 ��m) and flagellum (10 ��m) arise from the mid portion of ventral lobe. An unpaired median cirrus (12.9 ��m) with short scapus (2.5 ��m) and flagellum (10.4 ��m) inserted mid-dorsally, posterior to medial lobe, at level of incision between medio-lateral and lateral lobes. Thin sheets are present on the margin of lateral lobes (Fig. 2). A pair of horizontally arranged subcephalic muscle attachments/pores is present just posterior to the mouth cone (Figs. 3, 5A). Three rigid dorsal body plates with funnel shaped lateral processes ends up in thin sheets at lateral margins. Five micro-spines on the first and four micro-spines on the second lateral processes (Fig. 7D). Three-five minute spikes on the third lateral processes (Fig. 5B). A pair of dorsal spines (29.29 ��m) with strong terminal bifurcation fringed with thin cuticle arising from the caudal rim of the second dorsal body plate. A ventral pore/muscle attachment in posterior mid region of the first segment (5.91 ��m posterior to lower portion of pharyngeal bulb); a second ventral pore, 12.67 ��m posterior to the first ventral pore present at the middle of the second segment; a third ventral pore is also present at the posterior mid region of the third segment (Fig. 3). The posterior region is characterised by moderately sculptured dorsal caudal plate with irregular markings. Caudal segment is constituted by a pair of dorsal antero-lateral lobes, pair of ventro-lateral lobes, pair of round lateral processes and a pair of caudal spike with a pointed end (29.36 ��m). Dorsal antero-lateral lobe is comparatively smaller than the lateral lobe with slightly thinner margins with a pointed end (Fig. 5C). Ventro-lateral lobe is square shaped with a bend towards posterior side. Lateral process is thinner at its lateral margin. Minute spikes are absent on the round lateral processes (Fig. 5C). An unpaired ventral pore/muscle attachment is present just anterior to female gonopore. A pair of Cirri E (26.9 ��m) each with proximal portion (9.6 ��m) and flagellum (17.3 ��m) arise from the portion between antero-lateral lobe and round lateral process. Caudal spikes are bordered by thin sheets at its lateral margins starting from its base and weakens at the mid length of caudal spike. A pair of papilla-like leg IV sense organ (2 ��m) is found attached at the base of each fourth leg. Four pairs of legs with four claws attached directly on each leg with two thin filaments on median claws. Fourth pair of legs (av. 23.9 ��m, n =7) are longer than all other legs (av. 15.3 ��m, n = 7). Claw lengths of fourth pair of legs (av. 9.7 ��m, n =7) are also longer than the claw length of other leg pairs (av. 5.3 ��m, n =7). Rosette-like female gonopore consisting of six minor plates opens ventrally is sighted 5.54 ��m anterior to the anus (Fig. 7C). A bow shaped internal thickening is found in between the seminal receptacles (Fig. 4C). A pair of seminal receptacles with sinuous ducts forming a larger and a smaller loop. The sinus duct starts from the lateral plane below the level of gonopore and forms a larger swirl around the opening and forms another smaller loop towards the internal thickening and run back to the opening. (Figs. 4 C, 5 D-F). Terminal anus composed of two cuticular lobes is present in between the base of caudal spikes., Published as part of Vishnudattan, N. K., Nandan, S. Bijoy, Hansen, J. G. & Jayachandran, P. R., 2021, A new Tardigrade species, Stygarctus keralensis sp. nov. (Arthrotardigrada Stygarctidae) from the intertidal zone of Southwest coast of India, pp. 381-391 in Zootaxa 4985 (3) on pages 383-388, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4985.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4956227

Vishnudattan, N. K., Nandan, S. Bijoy, Hansen, J. G., Jayachandran, P. R. (2021): A new Tardigrade species, Stygarctus keralensis sp. nov. (Arthrotardigrada Stygarctidae) from the intertidal zone of Southwest coast of India. Zootaxa 4985 (3): 381-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.3.5

Key to the species of Victoriopisa Karaman and Barnard, 1979 1 Epimera plate 3 rounded................................................................................ 2 - Epimera plate 3 acute.................................................................................. 4 2 Mandibular palp article 2 longer than article 3............................................................... 3 - Mandibular palp article 2 shorter than article 3........................................ V. ryukyuensis Morino, 1991 3 Maxilliped without spine in the inner lobe............................ V. bantenensis Arfianti & Wongkamhaeng, 2017 - Maxilliped with spine in the inner lobe.............................................. V. multiartus Zhao et al., 2016 4 Head with anteroventral cheek notch............................................... V.tinggiensis Lim et al., 2010 - Head without anteroventral cheek notch.................................................................... 5 5 Gnathopod 2 palm smooth.............................................................................. 6 - Gnathopod 2 palm with excavation or prominences........................................................... 7 6 Lateral cephalic lobe and eyes absent....................................... V.marina Lowry & Springthorpe, 2005 - Lateral cephalic lobe and eyes present..................................................... V. cusatensis sp. nov 7 Dactylus with excavation or prominences.................................................................. 8 - Dactylus smooth..................................................................................... 10 8 Epimeral plates without setae............................................. V. bruneiensis Hossain & Hughes, 2016 - Epimeral plates with setae............................................................................... 9 9 Uropod 1 with basofacial setae........................................................... V. papiae Asari, 1983 - Uropod 1 without basofacial setae.................................................. V. chilkensis (Chilton, 1921) 10 Gnathopod 2 palm without spine................................................. V. australiensis (Chilton, 1923) - Gnathopod 2 palm with spine............................................... V. guanarocana Ortiz & Lalana, 1989 11 Uropod 3 outer rami article 1 longer than article 2........................................................... 12 - Uropod 3 outer rami article 1 shorter than article 2........................................ V. wadai Ariyama, 2015 12 Pereopod 7 merus broadly expanded, Uropod 1 without basofacial setae............... V. atlantica Stock & Platvoet, 1981 - Pereopod 7 merus narrow, Uropod 1 with basofacial setae............................. V. epistomata (Griffiths, 1974), Published as part of Joseph, Philomina, Nandan, S. Bijoy & Jayachandran, P. R., 2018, New species of Victoriopisa Karaman & Barnard, 1979 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Eriopisidae) from Vembanad backwaters, Southwest coast of India, pp. 59-70 in Zootaxa 4433 (1) on page 68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4433.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/1287103, {"references":["Karaman, G. S. & Barnard, J. L. (1979) Classificatory revision in the gammaridean Amphipoda (Crustacea), part 1. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 92, 106 - 165.","Morino, H. (1991) Gammaridean amphipods (Crustacea) from brackish waters of Okinawa Island. Publications of the Itako Hydrobiological Station, 5, 13 - 26.","Arfianti, T. & Wongkamhaeng, K. (2017) A new species of Victoriopisa bantenensis (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Eriopisidae) from West Java, Indonesia. Zootaxa, 4306 (2), 238 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4306.2.4","Zhao, S., Liu, C. & Hou, Z. (2016) Description of a new species of Victoriopisa Karaman & Barnard, 1979 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Eriopisidae) from China, with a key to the genus Victoriopisa. Zootaxa, 4097 (2), 231 - 243. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4097.2.5","Lim, J. H. C., Azman, B. A. R. & Othman, B. H. R. (2010) Melitoid amphipods of the genera Ceradocus Costa, 1853 and Victoriopisa Karaman and Barnard, 1979 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Maeridae) from the South China Sea, Malaysia. Zootaxa, 2348, 23 - 39.","Lowry, J. K. & Springthorpe, R. T. (2005) New and little-known Melitid amphipods from Australian waters (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Melitidae). Records of the Australian Museum, 57, 237 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.57.2005.1463","Hossain, M. B. & Hughes, L. E. (2016) New species Victoriopisa bruneiensis and Apocorophium acutum (Chevreux, 1908) from Brunei (Crustacea: Peracarida: Amphipoda). Zootaxa, 4117 (3), 375 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4117.3.5","Asari, K. P. (1983) On two species of gammarids (Amphipoda, Crustacean) from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Bulletin de Museum National d'HistoireNaturelle Paris, Series 4, 5, Section A (2), 641 - 649.","Chilton, C. (1921) Fauna of the Chilka Lake. Amphipoda. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 5, 519 - 558.","Chilton, C. (1923) Occasional notes on Australian Amphipoda. Records of the Australian Museum, 14 (2), 79 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.14.1923.831","Ortiz, M. & Lalana, R. (1989) Una nueva especie de anfipodod el complejo Eriopisa (Amphipoda, Gammaridea), de aguas cubanas. Revista de Investigaciones Marinas, 10, 233 - 237.","Ariyama, H. (2015) Three new species of the Eriopisa group (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Eriopisidae) from Japan, with the description of a new genus. Zootaxa, 3949 (1), 91 - 110. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3949.1.4","Stock, J. H. & Platvoet, D. (1981) Le genre Victoriopisa signale pour la premiere fois en Atlantique Nord: description de V. atlantica nov. sp. de Mauritanie (Crustacea, Amphipoda). Bulletin Zoologisch Museum Universiteit van Amsterdam, 8, 21 - 30.","Griffiths, C. (1974) The Amphipoda of Southern Africa. Part 2. The Gammaridea and Caprellidea of South West Africa south of 20 ° S. Annals of the South African Museum, 62, 169 - 208."]}

Victoriopisa cusatensis sp. nov. (Figs. 2–8) Material examined. Holotype: male (ZSI C7391/2), 8.6 mm, mangrove area of Valanthakad Island in Vembanad backwater, Kochi, Kerala, 9°55’10.24” N and 76°20’ 01.23” E, 18 February 2012, coll. Philomina Joseph. Paratypes: 1 male (MBBM-SBN-H-6383), 8.4 mm; 2 females (ZSI C7392/2), 7.6 mm, (MBBM-SBN-H-6384), 6.7mm same locality as holotype, 26 February 2017, coll. Philomina Joseph. Diagnosis. Body slender, laterally compressed. Head with eyes and lateral cephalic lobe. Antenna 1 large with expanded peduncle article 1, larger than head; peduncle article 2 seems to be projected dorsolaterally; accessory flagellum 2-articulate, not reaching the first flagellar article. Gnathopod 2 palm smooth. Epimeral plates with posteroventral tooth. Pereopod 7 basis and merus largely expanded. Pleopods with more than 20 articles in outer rami. Urosomites separate; Uropod 3, outer rami 2-articulate, inner rami scale like. Telson with one subapical spine and two lateral spines on each lobe. Etymology. The species name ‘ cusatensis ’ refers to the Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), a premium institution in India considering its contribution in the field of Marine Sciences. Description. Based on holotype male, 8.6mm, ZSI C7391/2. Head. Eyes small, rounded; lateral cephalic lobe large and triangular, anteroventral sinus indistinct. Antenna 1 half times body length; peduncular articles length ratio from 1-3 is 1.0:0.6:0.2; peduncular article 1 well developed, without setae along posterior margin, 14 transverse ridges in posteroproximal angle; peduncular article 2 geniculate, dorsolateral margin seems to be projected; primary flagellum with 33 articles on right and 30 articles on left with distal setae, aesthetasc begins from article 8; accessory flagellum with 2 articles shorter than article 1 of primary flagellum. Antenna 2 shorter, about a third length of antenna 1; peduncular article 2 cone gland not reaching the end of peduncular article 3, peduncular article 4 and 5 subequal (1.8:1.7); flagellum highly setose, with two fused long articles and three short articles. Upper lip wider than deep and semicircular with row of fine setae. Lower lip inner lobes well-developed; outer lobes with apical setae. Mandible palp 3-articulate with length ratio 1:3.7:3.1, article 3 shorter than article 2; left incisors with 6 teeth and right with 5 teeth; lacinia mobilis with 4 teeth on both side; accessory setal row with 10 serrated setae; molar large and triturative. Maxilla 1 inner plate rectangular, with 6 plumose setae on left maxilla and 5 on right; outer plate with 9 serrated apical spines; palp 2- articulate, left palp article 2 with 2 stout spines, 4–5 robust setae and 5 simple setae on apical margin, right palp with 8 robust setae and 5 simple setae. Maxilla 2 inner plate armed with 7 plumose setae in oblique row and simple setae on apical margin. Maxilliped inner plate with 3 stout apical spines on right maxilliped and 4 on left, 6 robust setae on apical margin and few sub apical plumose setae; outer plate with 6 robust setae and many simple setae on apical and lateral margin; palp 4-articulate, article 2 long, highly setose on lateral margin, article 3 with many long apical setae and three subapical setae, article 4 claw-like with few setae at the dorsoventral margin. Pereon. Gnathopod 1 coxa anteroventrally produced; basis with 4 setae on posterior margin and 4–5 setae on posterodistal corner; merus with 6–8 simple setae distally; carpus ovoid, highly setose along the posteroventral margin, larger than propodus; propodus palm transverse and broad distally, palm with 4 short spines on posterodistal corner accompanied by 5 simple setae, 10–12 sparse setae along the entire margin; dactylus smooth, curved with 7 sparse setae on inner margin and one simple setae on outer margin. Gnathopod 2 coxa ovoid, convex anteroventrally; basis with 6 long setae along posterior and distal margins respectively; carpus with transverse row of marginal setae; propodus broad, palm smooth with 3 stout spines, 10–12 sparse setae in palmar margin; dactylus closing along palm, inner margin smooth, armed with 14 sparse setae, outer margin with 1 medial seta. Pereopod 3 coxa broad, ovoid; basis with 10 long setae at the posterior margin, fine setae on anterior margin, 5 setae distally; merus slightly enlarged distally; carpus ovoid, subequal to propodus; propodus setose marginally, a robust setae on posterodistal corner; dactylus curved, with a medial setae. Pereopod 4 coxa rectangular; basis linear with 8 long setae at posterior margin, fine setae at anterior margin; merus, carpus, propodus and dactylus similar to pereopod 3. Pereopod 5 short, stout; coxa partially lobate; basis oblong; merus with 2 anterior robust setae and few posterior simple setae; carpus setose, armed with 8–9 robust setae; propodus with 5 robust setae; dactylus simple armed with 2 simple setae at posteroproximal margin and 2 sub-distal setae. Pereopod 6 coxa shallow; basis oblong, with minute castellation; merus and carpus with similar setal armature as that of pereopod 5; propodus with 8 robust setae, 3 at posterior margin, 2 posterodistally and 3 anterodistally. Pereopod 7 coxa small, rectangular; basis broadly expanded, castelloserrate, basilar width ratio of pereopod 5, 6, 7 follows the order 1:1.4:2.4 respectively; merus broadly expanded, anterior margin with 5 robust setae, posterior margin with 3–4 groups of long setae; carpus with 4 robust setae accompanied by simple setae; propodus with 6 robust setae, 4 at posterior margin and 2 distally. Pleon. Epimera 1–3 with small acute tooth at posteroventral corner, epimera 2 with a row of 8 plumose setae, epimera 3 with 3 small acute spine ventrally. Pleopods peduncle nearly quadrate, with paired retinacula on inner margins and plumose setae on outer margins. Pleopod 1 peduncle with 8 plumose setae, outer rami with 26 articles and inner rami with 18 articles; pleopod 2 peduncle with 6 plumose setae, outer rami with 23 articles and inner rami with 17 articles; pleopod 3 peduncle without plumose setae, outer rami with 23 articles and inner rami with 17 articles. Urosomites not fused, uropod 1 peduncle with 2 robust setae and a spine distally, outer rami subequal to inner rami, outer rami with 3 robust setae in inner margin and 5 robust setae distally; inner rami with 2 robust setae in the inner margin and 5 robust setae distally. Uropod 2 peduncle with 3 robust setae; outer rami smaller, outer and inner rami with 3 robust setae in the inner margin and 5 robust setae distally. Uropod 3 parviramous, inner rami scale like, 0.15 times that of proximal article of outer rami; outer rami much enlarged with 2 articles, longer and broader proximal article and smaller distal article, proximal article with three robust setae on outer margin, 2–3 robust setae and simple setae distally, distal article with fine setae, three on inner and two on outer margins and tuft of long setae apically. Telson deeply cleft, each lobe with one subapical long robust setae and two marginal small robust setae, right apex is tooth like and left apex smooth with simple setae. Description of female (Paratype, 7.6 mm, ZSI C7392/2). Antenna 1: peduncle article 1 is dilated as in male specimens; article 2, dorso-lateral margin without projection, right flagellum with 20 articles, left flagellum with 18 articles. Maxilla 1: inner plate of first maxilla bears 5 plumose setae on right and left side, palp is similar in both. Oostegites: long ovoid with simple setae along the margins, present in gnathopod 2 and in pereopods 3, 4 and 5, absent in male. Gnathopod 2: similar in both sexes, with smooth palmar margin. Pleopods: peduncle with paired retinacula in inner margin, pleopod 1 peduncle with 8 plumose setae in outer margin, pleopod 2 with 4 plumose setae and pleopod 3 with 1 plumose setae; pleopods 1–3 bears 18 articles in outer rami and 13 articles in inner rami. Telson: with only two robust setae on either half, one subapically and one laterally. Remarks. Victoriopisa cusatensis sp. nov differs from the other Indian species: V. chilkensis and V. papiae in having following characters (features of V. chilkensis and V. papiae in parentheses): (1) smooth palm of gnathopod 2 (1 excavation and 1 prominence in V.chilkensis and 3 prominences in V. papiae); (2) smooth dactylus (a prominence in V. chilkensis and V. papiae); (3) peduncular article 2 of antenna 1 projected dorsolaterally (smooth in V. chilkensis and V. papiae); (4) inner plate of maxilliped with 3 spine on right and 4 on left (3 in V. chilkensis and V. papiae); (5) epimeral plate 2 with 8 plumose setae (9 setae in V. chilkensis, 10 in V. papiae); (6) inner plate of maxilla 1 rectangular with 5 plumose setae on right and 6 on left (triangular with 10 setae in V. chilkensis, rectangular with 7 setae in V. papiae); (7) telson with 1 apical and 2 lateral spines (1 apical spine and no lateral spines in V. chilkensis,1 subapical spine and 2 apical spine in V. papiae). Three Indian species were similar in presence of eyes, broader basis and merus of peropod 7, smaller gnathopod 1 compared to gnathopod 2. Victoriopisa cusatensis sp. nov. differ from other Asian species in having smooth palm and dactylus of gnathopod 2; while V. wadai and V. multiartus is present excavated palm and smooth dactylus; whereas V. ryukyuensis and V. bruneiensis have prominences in the palm and excavation on dactylus, V. tinggiensis and V. bantenensis presents smooth palm and dactylus as the new species, but differs from it by having a deep cephalic notch, V. cusatensis sp.nov. also differs from V. atlantica, V. australiensis, V. guanarocana, V. epistomata, V. marina, by the presence of eyes. Habitat. Brackish, mangrove fringed area, depth 1–2 m, silty sand, salinity 17.9 PSU, organic matter-4.17 %, Published as part of Joseph, Philomina, Nandan, S. Bijoy & Jayachandran, P. R., 2018, New species of Victoriopisa Karaman & Barnard, 1979 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Eriopisidae) from Vembanad backwaters, Southwest coast of India, pp. 59-70 in Zootaxa 4433 (1) on pages 63-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4433.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/1287103