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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has substantially impacted psychological health in the U.S and has disproportionately impacted underresourced individuals. Despite the higher need for mental health services during this time, service availability and access were disrupted due to increased demand, social distancing recommendations, and stay-at-home orders. Thus, it is crucial to understand factors that predict the desire for psychological services for underresourced individuals. The present study examined factors at multiple levels of Bronfenbrenner's socioecological model (Bronfenbrenner, 1994) to determine which factors best predicted the desire for mental health services including individual, group, in-person, and online services. The sample consisted of 155 underresourced adults in North Carolina. Participants completed an online survey of mental health symptoms, coping strategies, COVID-19 related stressors, and provided demographic information including ZIP code, which was used to classify urban-central and urban-outlying dwellers. Results from univariate general linear models demonstrated that depression symptoms, venting as a coping strategy, COVID-related stress, and living in more rural regions were all significant predictors of the desire for psychological services. Venting as a predictor of the desire for services may signify a general misunderstanding regarding the purpose of psychotherapy as well as the need for individuals to gain social support and connectedness during a pandemic. This study helps to clarify individual-level and contextual factors that impact the desire for psychological services during a global pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, Vol 14 No 1 (1989): Volume 14.1

In this paper biometric technology will be defined and then discussed as to how it will help the business world protect its information. Background will be given to show how identification and authentication have developed throughout the years and why another form of authorization needs to come to the forefront. There are reasons for higher security and biometric authentication will be shown to be the solution to answer this call. Biometric is a powerful way of deciding who can gain access to our most valuable systems in this volatile world. Factors will be uncovered about what can and will affect an identification system, which will lead us to the feasibility of implementing a biometric system. As one will see, biometric will not be the best choice for everyone. Already, parts of the Department of Defense community rely on this technology in order to maintain the integrity of their own systems. For the business world, it is critical that biometric be grasped now in order to do the same.

The use of conservative surgery and radiation therapy for the management of early stage breast cancer is now well established, but significant questions remain. This paper summarizes recent studies of the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, a Harvard Medical School study in the treatment of ductal cancer in situ, the sequencing of chemotherapy and radiation, the issue of margin status, and the use of excision alone.

What are the consequences of change in serials departments, the training and classification of staff, and planning for the future? During the last decade, while automating operations and increasing the processing of serials in varied electronic media, serials staff have had to develop new skills. This workshop examines the changes in three serials operations, emphasizing staffing issues.

Axillary node dissection (ALND) is the standard of care for patients who have a positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) on sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). We sought to identify a low-risk patient population with positive SLN that may not need cALND. We analyzed SLNB for breast cancer at our institutions between 1999 and 2007. We identified 130 patients who had a positive SLN but did not undergo completion ALND. We evaluated clinical data, adjuvant treatment patterns and intermediate locoregional and distant events. The median patient age was 50; 19% had N0(i+) disease, 53% had micrometastatic (N1mi) disease, and 28% had macrometastasis. Eighty-eight percent of patients underwent radiation therapy; 66 patients (51%) had documented nodal radiation (of these 50 were treated with three fields and 14 with high tangents. Local recurrence in the breast occurred in two patients (2%) and nine patients (7%) developed distant metastases; there were no axillary/nodal recurrences. In this highly selected group of patients who had a positive SLNB but did not undergo cALND, we observed no axillary recurrences.

BACKGROUND Whether African-American women have biologically more aggressive breast carcinoma compared with white women and whether race acts as a significant independent prognostic factor for survival have not been determined. Alternatively, race merely may be a surrogate for socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS A literature review was performed of clinical trials and retrospective studies in the U.S. that compared survival between white women and black women with breast carcinoma after adjustment for known prognostic factors (patient age, disease stage, lymph node status, and estrogen receptor status) to assess the impact of race and SES. RESULTS Single institutional and clinical studies suggest that, when black patients are treated appropriately and other prognostic variables are controlled, their survival is similar to the survival of white patients. Twelve retrospective studies and 1 analysis of a clinical trial included SES and race as variables for survival. Only three of those studies revealed race as a significant prognostic factor for survival after adjusting for SES. CONCLUSIONS SES replaces race as a predictor of worse outcome after women are diagnosed with breast carcinoma in many studies. However, black women present with more advanced disease that appear more aggressive biologically, and they present at a younger age compared with white women. Further research should be conducted concerning the precise elements of SES that account for the incidence of breast carcinoma, age at diagnosis, hormone receptor status, and survival to devise better strategies to improve outcome. Cancer 2002;95:1988–99. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10830

Studies of human infants’ sensitivity to object orientation have confounded two different psychological questions – one about ability to discriminate object orientation and the other about the existence of object constancy. From several examples from the recent psychological literature, we conclude that the attempt to separate the constancy and discrimination questions in an experimental design employing only a single dependent variable fails practically and theoretically, since any such separation is predicated on an incorrect theory of constancy. A theoretically more acceptable multi-variable design is outlined.

Experimental Child Psychology taught by a teacher who believes that research is fun only if the problems are not too easily solved.

This research investigated the role of certain intrinsic features of two-dimensional nonrepresentational forms in their judged “upright” orientation. The forms were individually projected by an apparatus that allowed rotation through the 360-deg range. The subjects (from kindergarten, 2nd, 4th, 6th, college grades) were asked to place each form in “upright” orientation. For some forms, these chosen orientations were the same for all age groups, apparently reflecting the universal and equal effect of certain intrinsic features. For other forms, chosen orientation changed systematically across age, in a manner possibly reflecting the influence of reading-scansion habits that changed with age. The intrinsic features related to upright judgments were symmetry, polar axes, texture lines, taper, and flat bottoms. Results partly disconfirm the hypothesis that forms are judged “upright” with their “focal portions” at the top.

A total of 670 undergraduate Ss were tested in three studies conducted in an attempt to define a set of cues that minimally specify perceived “frontness” and “backness” of objects. In Experiment I, Ss were instructed to identify the “front” and “back” of printed squares to which no, one, or two circles were attached. In Experiment II, different Ss made the same kind of judgment to a wider range of geometric forms. In Experiment III, different Ss judged the direction of “imagined” movement of forms from Experiment I. The results indicated that the “front” and “back” are asymmetric opposite sides, with “front” the side most different from the rest and the side toward which the form is imagined to be moving.

A resolution is provided for conflicting reports in the literature concerning direction of eye movements during problem-solving by finding a difference in results when the experimenter sits facing the subject and when he sits behind him. When facing the questioner, subjects move their eyes predominantly in one direction, either right or left, regardless of the type of question. Therefore, within any given individual, one hemisphere seems to be activated preferentially, regardless of problem type. When the questioner sits behind the same subjects, right-handers move their eyes leftwards when solving spatial problems, rightwards for verbal problems. Under these circumstances problem-type takes precedence over individual movement preferences. Left-handers' eye movements turned out to be haphazard when the experimenter sat behind, hence uncorrelated with the type of problem. This result is consonant with the view that right-handers are better lateralized for hemispheric functioning than are left-handers.

THE first modern clinical and pathological descriptions of the disease that was to be named myasthenia gravis1 were made by Wilks,2 Erb3 and Goldflam.4 Only a few years later, in 1901, Weigert5 fir...

Children from 5 to 11 years old made same-different judgments of prototypes of letterlike forms paired with transforms of these prototypes generated on a dimension either critical or noncritical for object identification. For compression transformations (noncritical: as in perspective shift), frequency of correct “different” judgments increased as the degree of compression in the transform increased. This result challenges the view that dimensions irrelevant in object identification are ignored or not detected in graphic discrimination.

One hundred and forty-eight undergraduate women were orally instructed to repeatedly and quickly draw circles in spatial relation to squares printed on sheets of paper. On each trial, the instructions required the circle to be drawn either above, below, to the right of, or to the left of the square. The instructions were expressed so that the circle was either the logical subject (e.g., “circle above square”) or the logical object (e.g., “square below circle”) of the statement. Each subject received all experimental conditions for a total of 24 separate drawings per subject. Analysis of variance of the total number of errors disclosed significant effects of all experimental variables. Performance was significantly more accurate when the circle was the logical subject, when the orientations were “above” and “right of” rather than “below” and “left of” and for the vertical dimension. The results are discussed in terms of current theories on “asymmetries” in information processing.