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The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of work overload and job stress on employee turnover intentions. This study was explanatory and quantitative in nature based on deductive approach and positivist philosophy. Primary data acquired through close-ended questionnaire based on seven related choices indicating the level of agreement or disagreement from employees of private banks of Mirpurkhas region, which including managers and non-managers. The data acquired through convenience and snow-ball techniques of non-probability sampling. A sum of total 100 managers and non-managers participated in the questionnaire survey. Data analyzed and interpreted by SPSS and PLS-SEM. Response rate of the survey, Cronbach’s alpha and demographic details were found out by SPSS. However, model measurement and verification done through PLS-SEM. The empirical findings supported direct relationships, inter-relationship and mediating effect of job stress with work overload and employee turnover intentions in partular contex.

This paper consists of an optimal encryption method for colored images with the technique of the 3D Chaotic Baker map-based diffusion model. The 2D Baker map introduced earlier was not secure against statistical attack and the performance was slow while encrypting an image. So, because the 2D Baker map did not show better results that are the reason 3D Baker Map came into existence and to merge the pixels to such an extent with each other so a little change in one bit of an original image can cause a whole lot of modification for the cipher. In the confusion method, it is functional to deal with the position of the pixels present within a specific image. The advantage of using the 3D Baker Map-based diffusion model in this paper as it makes the model delicate in nature for changing any pixel value or secret key. The algorithm’s efficiency is dependent on the experimental results. The new proposed model for encryption with the inbuilt feature of random binary sequence for the process of encrypting the plain image to cipher.

The Brief summary: The study aimed to explore the antecedents of employee turnover intentions through the scale validation based on pilot test. Data and collection procedure: Primary data collected by close-ended questionnaire. Sampling: Convenience and snow-ball sampling techniques used to acquire data. Nature: The study was quantitative and descriptive in nature. Population and sample size: Approximately, 125 questionnaires delivered to the target population which including managers and non-managers, working in private banks of Sindh, Pakistan and out of that 100 received back as completed and fit for data analysis and interpretation. Data analysis & interpretation: Data analyzed and interpreted by SPSS and PLS-SEM. Findings: Cronbach’s alpha, item analysis and factor analysis measured individually for overall variables of study. All variables and items measured internally consistent and reliable except few items. Such items were measured insignificant through the factor loading considered to be revised or revisited. Conclusion: This study assisted researcher to find out errors of instrument and suggested solutions to revise such items which may cause problems in making analysis and interpretation for the main study.

Most modern cryptographic mechanisms are often based on the key distribution schemes, the security of which depends on the computational complexity and the power used to break the encryption. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is gaining popularity as a panacea to the issue of secure key distribution due to its ability to show secret keys' information-theoretic protection that is already suitable for commercialization. The goal is to generate a secret key between trusted parties connected through a quantum channel and an authenticated classical channel. The technology promises unconditional secure communication based on the principles of quantum mechanics without limiting the power of an eavesdropper. The first three sections provide a contemporary review of the Quantum Key Distribution in a nutshell. The remaining part of the paper deals with the key parameters and implementations that have been developed to assess the security of the leading experimental platforms and the challenges with respect to the development of this technology such as optimally overlaying the logic gates via quantum-dot cellular automata, which also creates possible avenues for research in the cryptographic domain.

Social media platforms has become widely popular among netizens to share views and news. This can be attributed to easy affordability of digital devices, low cost Internet and free subscription to social media platforms. Individuals find social media platforms quite appealing where they can find like-minded people to exchange views and news. Studies have shown that a less credible person is more likely to propagate fake news in order to fulfill their objectives of any form - seeking attention, gaining financial benefits or influencing political views. Hence, fake news detection on social media has become one of the most envisaged research topics in recent times. Fake news detection on social media can be done through various methods based on sources, transmission, styles, and knowledge. The major contribution of this survey paper is to provide a comparative study of major computational methods for fake news detection on social media. The objective of this study is to help researchers carry further research using the details and the research gaps presented in the paper.

SARS-CoV-2 evolution has continued to generate variants, responsible for new pandemic waves locally and globally. Varying disease presentation and severity has been ascribed to inherent variant characteristics and vaccine immunity. This study analyzed genomic data from 305 whole genome sequences from SARS-CoV-2 patients before and through the third wave in India. Delta variant was responsible for disease in patients without comorbidity(97%), while Omicron BA.2 caused disease primarily in those with comorbidity(77%). Tissue adaptation studies brought forth higher propensity of Omicron variants to bronchial tissue than lung, contrary to observation in Delta variants from Delhi. Study of codon usage pattern distinguished the prevalent variants, clustering them separately, Omicron BA.2 isolated in February grouped away from December strains, and all BA.2 after December acquired a new mutation S959P in ORF1b (44.3% of BA.2 in the study) indicating ongoing evolution. Loss of critical spike mutations in Omicron BA.2 and gain of immune evasion mutations including G142D, reported in Delta but absent in BA.1, and S371F instead of S371L in BA.1 could possibly be due to evolutionary trade-off and explain very brief period of BA.1 in December 2021, followed by complete replacement by BA.2.

Purpose: To assess the functional and clinical outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation of Clavicular fractures in valley of Kashmir. Methods: This study was conducted in Skims Medical College from October 2010 to October 2019 and 30 subjects were studied. All of the patients were treated by ORIF. Results: The patients in our study ranged in age from 19-55 years, with a mean age of 30. 93 years at the time of surgery. Of all the patients in our study, 21 patients were males and 9 were females. Of the 30 patients, 14 patients had fractured their right clavicle, whereas 16 had fractured their left clavicle. The average Quick Dash score at 12 weeks was 3.779 and at 24 weeks was 1.44. A total of 6 patients suffered from complications related to the procedure. Dysesthesia occurred in 4 patients and hardware irritation in 2 patients. Conclusion: Clavicle fractures have since long been considerd as benign injuries, with a good outcome if treated conservatively. However, several reports now challenge this view, and there has been a resurgence of interest in operative treatment for fractures that are displaced, comminuted, or that display significant shortening.

Purpose: Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures-cemented versus non-cemented-a comparative Kashmir study. Methods: From January 2001 to June 2016,152 hemiarthroplasties were done for displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures (Garden type III & IV). Ninety eight of these patients were followed up for more than twenty four months,while fifty four were lost to follow-up. Results: The mean operative time for cemented and non-cemented groups were 57 minutes (40-85 minutes) and 50 minutes (40-75 minutes) respectively.The mean intra-operative blood loss in two groups were 378ml (268-579ml) for the cemented group and 291ml (225-431ml) for the non-cemented group. At last follow-up,the mean HHS in the cemented group was 76.7 points (41 -102 points) and in the non-cemented group,86 points(61 to 101 points) while as mean pain score was 2.8 points(1-4points) and 2.0 points(1-3.4points) respectively. Conclusion: In the present study,overall results were slightly better in non cemented hemiarthroplasty group than in cemented group in terms of blood loss and HSS score on latest follow-up.

This paper presents steam condenser exergy analysis of 50 MW unit of the power plant by varying the ambient temperature from 5 C to 42 C at different loads. The performance parameters and the dependent variables are the exergy entering in the condenser, exergy out from the condenser, exergy efficiency of the plant, exergy destruction in the condenser and the exergy efficiency of condenser. Whereas the independent variables are ambient temperature and condenser pressure. It was seen that increases of exergy efficiency of the plant depends on combined effect of ambient temperature and condenser pressure as the sole variation of ambient temperature doesn’t have much effect on the performance parameters. The varying of ambient temperature without altering the condenser pressure doesn’t have any significant impact but by varying simultaneously the ambient temperature along with the changing of condenser pressure has profound effect on the performance parameters. As the Condenser pressure increases the heat loss is also increasing which shows the major portion of energy loss occurs in condenser. In comparison of heat loss in condenser the exergy destruction in condenser is very less. At the optimal condenser pressure 0.00804 MPa the exergy efficiency of the whole unit, exergy destruction in condenser, exergy efficiency of condenser, Heat loss (Q) in condenser and Wtotal are as 26.26%, 198.1KW, 99.72%, 81190 KW and 53.4 MW respectively and the optimal condition is attained at the full load(100%) or designed operating parameters.

In this study, exergy and economic analyses with regression of a 50MWunit of Lakhra steam power plant, situated near Jamshoro Pakistan is presented. Firstly, a thermodynamic model is developed using Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software and validated, followed by an economic assessment parametric analysis to show the impacts of various operating parameters on the levelized cost and finally regression along with optimization is carried out. The condenser pressure, main steam pressure, temperature and interest rate are selected as operating parameters while levelized cost, net power output, energy and exergy efficiencies are selected as performance parameters. Furthermore, in order to know about the effects of predictor and response variables with each other and to correlate the performance parameters with the operating parameters the multiple polynomial regression analysis has been prepared. In economic analysis, levelized cost of electricity is estimated under various operating and economic conditions. Under designed parameters, the plant is simulated yielding 53.5 MW power output with 31.02% and 26.24% energy and exergy efficiencies, respectively with levelized cost of US$0.0654/kWh. According to the optimization results, maximum power, energy and exergy efficiencies are obtained as 53.786 MW, 31.25% and 26.43%, respectively, whereas minimum levelized cost is obtained as US$0.04856/kWh under given optimal conditions.

In this study, exergy, and economic analyses of a unit of 50 MW of Lakhra steam coal power plant, situated near Jamshoro Pakistan is presented. Firstly, a thermodynamic model is developed using Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software and validated, followed by a parametric analysis to show the impacts of various operating parameters on the power plant performance. The condenser pressure, main steam pressure and temperature are selected as operating parameters while net power output, energy and exergy efficiencies are selected as performance parameters. The investigation under two conditions were performed; Designed and Off designed. Under designed parameters, the unit is simulated yielding 50.77 MW power output with 29.48% and 24.94 % energy and exergy efficiencies, respectively. While under off-designed conditions the unit yielded power output of 26.542 MW, with energy and exergy efficiencies of 20.83% and 17.62%. The component-level analysis shows condenser as a main contributor towards energy loss of 68.19% followed by boiler with energy loss of 24.7% while the latter plays a major role in the exergy destruction of the plant contributing of 93.84% (38.74 MW) out of total exergy destruction of 41.52 MW succeeded by feedwater heaters with exergy destruction of 2.94% (1.24 MW) and turbine with exergy destruction of 1.72% (0.71 MW) while the least exergy destruction happens in condenser. The first law efficiency of boiler, turbine, condenser is as 82.93%, 98.62% and 52.88 % respectively. While the second law efficiency of these components are as 67.2%, 94.89% and 94.89% respectively.

Internet of Things brings different computing devices on a singular platform enabling data transfer, monitoring and analysis without human intervention. It is the next big frontier in expediting business processes. Business Process Automation (BPA) is a process of managing information, data and processes to reduce costs, resources and investment to achieve targeted results consistently aligned to the goals of an organisation. BPA makes processes more efficient by automating important tasks using technology. The implementation of IoT varies from industry to industry. BPA can leverage the true potential of IoT by bringing together data, machinery and customer experience.

Today, the technology is moving at a fast pace and has also changed the pace at which the commuter is moving. No longer is the commuter ready to waste time and resources while travelling. This has led to a revolution in the transport sector. ICT, smart devices, and different enabling technologies make intelligent transport systems (ITS) a reality. If well implemented, they can save time and money, help to reduce the environmental threats, and also create business opportunities for many. Today's era is an era of revolution, technological advances, Internet, digitalization, mobile communications, big data, and an era of harnessing the potentials of Cloud Computing. Realizing the benefits of each of these and their utilization and need, a global potential for a powerful and less costly ITS has to be created. This chapter shall give a complete insight into the ITS: its history, components, benefits, issues, and challenges. It would also discuss the future that is in store for ITS but with a realization that the environment is not at stake.