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Introduction: Mexican women have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and less compliance with T2DM self-care compared with Mexican men. The term marianismo refers to gender and religiocultural based beliefs that may be a barrier to self-care behaviors among Mexican women. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between marianismo beliefs and self-care behaviors in Mexican women with T2DM. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among women with T2DM who attended primary care centers in Oaxaca, Mexico during 2019. The Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities and the Marianismo Beliefs Scale were used to measure diabetes self-care and marianismo beliefs, respectively. Results: Among the 547 participants, those with higher marianismo beliefs reported significantly lower scores in diabetes self-care, ( r = −.128), exercise ( r = −.150), self-monitoring of blood glucose ( r = −.119), foot care ( r = −.093), and oral hygiene ( r = −.114; all p < .01). Discussion: Findings suggest that Mexican women with strong marianismo beliefs are less likely to comply with T2DM self-care behaviors. Marianismo beliefs should be considered a potential risk factor for women’s health, since Mexican women may value the social recognition of maintaining these beliefs more than self-care.

Otolith shape is widely used as a taxonomic feature in fish systematics. In Siluriformes, the lapillus otolith is the most relevant character for taxonomic purposes, although its discriminant potential has not been assessed quantitatively. Our study model were sea catfishes of the family Ariidae from the north-eastern Pacific as representatives of Siluriformes, a taxon with increased taxonomic complexity. The lapillus otolith shape obtained by geometric morphometrics showed high discrimination potential both at the genus and species levels with an overall classification accuracy of c. 93% (K = 0.92). Due to the strong species delimitation exhibited by lapillus otolith shape, the descriptions and identification keys provided here are the most useful materials to recognize the eight sea catfish species evaluated. The shared similarities in lapillus otolith shape among species seem to be more influenced by phylogenetic relationships than other factors such as habitat. The lapillus otolith shape is the most powerful taxonomic feature discovered so far for the identification of sea catfishes from the north-eastern Pacific.

Esta obra es producto de la vinculación y colaboración entre profesionales de la enfermería dedicados a la investigación en escenarios clínicos, comunitarios y educativos. Aborda dos componentes importantes para la prevención, control y tratamiento de enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles: el primer componente se refiere a los comportamientos de riesgo que desarrollan las personas y favorecen la aparición de patologías como la diabetes tipo 2, obesidad y cáncer, entre otros. Estos comportamientos giran en torno a los estilos de vida, con mayor énfasis en aspectos relacionados a las prácticas maternas de alimentación infantil, inseguridad alimentaria, adicción a la comida y alimentación emocional, entre otras. El segundo componente es la salud mental, donde se incluye investigaciones que analizan la depresión, ansiedad, estrés, malestar emocional, satisfacción de la imagen corporal en poblaciones con alguna enfermedad crónica degenerativa no trasmisible. La importancia de este trabajo radica en que se reúnen investigaciones realizadas en 10 estados del país, en diversos sectores sociales donde se encuentran grupos vulnerables como mujeres embarazadas, diadas madre-lactantes, infantes, adolescentes, adultos pertenecientes a comunidades indígenas “totonacos” y “yoreme-mayo”. Esto puede ser un referente para que investigadores continúen indagando estas variables en el contexto nacional, para apoyar el desarrollo de planes de cuidados de enfermería e intervenciones basadas en la evidencia científica. En esta obra participan instituciones de salud como el Hospital General “Dr. Salvador Zubirán Anchondo, además de prestigiadas universidades del país: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Universidad de Sonora, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez y Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa entre otras.

In the modern diet, excessive fructose intake (>50 g/day) had been driven by the increase, in recent decades, of the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. This phenomenon has dramatically increased within the Caribbean and Latin American regions. Epidemiological studies show that chronic high intake of fructose related to sugar-sweetened beverages increases the risk of developing several non-communicable diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, and may also contribute to the exacerbation of lung diseases, such as COVID-19. Evidence supports several mechanisms—such as dysregulation of the renin–angiotensin system, increased uric acid production, induction of aldose reductase activity, production of advanced glycation end-products, and activation of the mTORC1 pathway—that can be implicated in lung damage. This review addresses how these pathophysiologic and molecular mechanisms may explain the lung damage resulting from high intake of fructose.

Infectious agents such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites can lead to cancer development. Infection with the helminthic parasite Schistosoma haematobium can cause cancer of the urinary bladder in humans, and infection with the parasites Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini can promote cholangiocarcinoma. These three pathogens have been categorized as “group 1: carcinogenic to humans” by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Additionally, the parasite Schistosoma japonicum has been associated with liver and colorectal cancer and classified as “group 2B: possibly carcinogenic to humans”. These parasites express regulatory non-coding RNAs as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which modulate genic expression in different biological processes. In this review, we discuss the potential roles of miRNAS and lncRNAs encoded by helminthic parasites that are classified by the IARC as carcinogenic and possibly carcinogenic to humans. The miRNAs of these parasites may be involved in carcinogenesis by modulating the biological functions of the pathogen and the host and by altering microenvironments prone to tumor growth. miRNAs were identified in different host fluids. Additionally, some miRNAs showed direct antitumoral effects. Together, these miRNAs show potential for use in future therapeutic and diagnostic applications. LncRNAs have been less studied in these parasites, and their biological effects in the parasite–host interaction are largely unknown.

This study aimed to explore the contribution of interferon-alpha (IFN-α) to MALAT1 expression in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS).Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from pSS patients and healthy blood donors were stimulated with recombinant human IFN-α, and the expression levels of MALAT1 and several interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) were measured by RT-PCR, while supernatant levels of interferon-regulated chemokines were measured using multiplex cytokine immunobead assay.In this work, we found that MALAT1 expression levels were increased in IFN-α-stimulated PBMC from pSS patients and healthy controls. As expected, ISG expression levels and interferon-regulated chemokine secretion levels were higher after IFN-α stimulation. However, the fold-change values for ISG15, Ly6E, OAS1, and OASL expression levels were higher in cells from pSS patients than in controls. Similarly, PBMC from pSS patients produced higher concentrations of chemokines than those from healthy controls after IFN-α stimulation.Our data provide insights into the abnormal IFN-α-mediated regulation of the lncRNA MALAT1 in pSS. Based on an unusually high capacity of PBMC to express ISG and to produce interferon-responsive chemokines, it is likely that targeted therapies to block these molecules may be of benefit to patients with pSS.

Asthma is a heterogeneous entity encompassing distinct endotypes and varying phenotypes, characterized by common clinical manifestations, such as shortness of breath, wheezing, and variable airflow obstruction. Two major asthma endotypes based on molecular patterns are described: type 2 endotype (allergic-asthma) and T2 low endotype (obesity-related asthma). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts of more than 200 nucleotides in length, currently involved in many diverse biological functions, such as chromatin remodeling, gene transcription, protein transport, and microRNA processing. Despite the efforts to accurately classify and discriminate all the asthma endotypes and phenotypes, if long noncoding RNAs could play a role as biomarkers in allergic asthmatic and adolescent obesity-related asthma, adolescents remain unknown. To compare expression levels of lncRNAs: HOTAIRM1, OIP5-AS1, MZF1-AS1, and GAS5 from whole blood of Healthy Adolescents (HA), Obese adolescents (O), allergic asthmatic adolescents (AA) and Obesity-related asthma adolescents (OA). We measured and compared expression levels from the whole blood of the groups mentioned above through RT-q-PCR. We found differentially expressed levels of these lncRNAs between the groups of interest. In addition, we found a discriminative value of previously mentioned lncRNAs between studied groups. Finally, we generated an interaction network through bioinformatics. Expression levels of OIP5-AS1, MZF1-AS1, HOTAIRM1, and GAS5 in whole blood from the healthy adolescent population, obese adolescents, allergic asthma adolescents, and obesity-related asthma adolescents are differently expressed. Moreover, these lncRNAs could act as molecular biomarkers that help to discriminate between all studied groups, probably through molecular mechanisms with several genes and miRNAs implicated.

Cancer is a deadly disease and, globally, represents the second leading cause of death in the world. Although it is a disease where several factors can help its development, virus induced infections have been associated with different types of neoplasms. However, in bacterial infections, their participation is not known for certain. Among the proposed approaches to oncogenesis risks in different infections are microRNAs (miRNAs). These are small molecules composed of RNA with a length of 22 nucleotides capable of regulating gene expression by directing protein complexes that suppress the untranslated region of mRNA. These miRNAs and other recently described, such as small RNAs (sRNAs), are deregulated in the development of cancer, becoming promising biomarkers. Thus, resulting in a study possibility, searching for new tools with diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to multiple oncological diseases, as miRNAs and sRNAs are main players of gene expression and host–infectious agent interaction. Moreover, sRNAs with limited complementarity are similar to eukaryotic miRNAs in their ability to modulate the activity and stability of multiple mRNAs. Here, we will describe the regulatory RNAs from viruses that have been associated with cancer and how sRNAs in bacteria can be related to this disease.

Geu Mendoza-Catalán,1 Yari Rodríguez-Santamaría,2 Claudia Jennifer Domínguez-Chávez,1 Liliana Leticia Juárez-Medina,2 Alma Angelica Villa-Rueda,1 Javier González-Ramírez,1 Juana Mercedes Gutiérrez-Valverde3 1Faculty of Nursing, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico; 2Faculty of Nursing, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico; 3Faculty of Nursing, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, MexicoCorrespondence: Javier González-RamírezFacultad de Enfermería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Av. Álvaro Obregón y Calle “G” S/N, Col. Nueva, C.P., Mexicali, 21100, Baja California, MéxicoTel +52 686 905-8257Email javier.gonzalez.ramirez@uabc.edu.mxPurpose: Personality traits are an important factor in health behaviors. However, personality traits and self-care in T2DM in the Mexican population are not yet explored due to this; the purpose of this work was to explore the relationship of personality traits with self-care in Mexican adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 197 T2DM patients from a primary care center in Oaxaca, Mexico. The Big Five Inventory and the Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities (SDSCA) were the tools used. Correlation models and multiple linear regression models were used for the analysis.Results: Most of the study participants were women (74.6%). The mean age was 53.1 years (SD = 8.4). The average years of schooling of the participants were 5.7 (SD = 4.3). The number of years lived with T2DM was 9.0 (SD = 6.5). The waist circumference was 96.3 (SD = 14.2), and the BMI was 27.5 kg/m2 (SD = 4.1). The traits of conscientiousness (r = 0.283) and openness (r = 0.259) were positively correlated with self-care activities, while neuroticism was inversely correlated (r = − 0.144). In the multiple linear regression models, only the conscientiousness and openness traits were predictors of self-care; they explained 19% of the variance.Conclusion: People with greater openness and conscientiousness were associated with greater compliance with self-care. Conversely, neuroticism was inversely associated with self-care in patients with T2DM.Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, adults, traits personality, self-care

Determining hydrogeological properties of the rock materials that constitute an aquifer through stress tests or laboratory tests presents inherent complications. An alternative tool that has significant advantages is the study of the groundwater-level response as a result of the pore-pressure variation caused by the internal structure deformation of the aquifer induced by barometric pressure and solid Earth tide. The purpose of this study was to estimate the values of the physical/hydraulic properties of the geological materials that constitute the Guadalupe Valley Aquifer based on the analysis of the groundwater-level response to barometric pressure and solid Earth tide. Representative values of specific storage (1.27 × 10−6 to 2.78 × 10−6 m−1), porosity (14–34%), storage coefficient (3.10 × 10−5 to 10.45 × 10−5), transmissivity (6.67 × 10−7 to 1.29 × 10−4 m2∙s−1), and hydraulic conductivity (2.30 × 10−3 to 2.97 × 10−1 m∙d−1) were estimated. The values obtained are consistent with the type of geological materials identified in the vicinity of the analyzed wells and values reported in previous studies. This analysis represents helpful information that can be considered a framework to design and assess management strategies for groundwater resources in the overexploited Guadalupe Valley Aquifer.

It has been shown that detailed and continuous riverine discharge and nutrient input data are fundamental to the successful simulation of biogeochemical processes in the ocean using numerical models. Currently, no discharge data for the river mouths on the Mexican side of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) is available. In the present study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to simulate the daily discharge of five major rivers that flow directly into the GoM. Two periods were used in the analysis: 1997 to 2013 for the Grijalva basin and 1989 to 2013 for the Usumacinta, Papaloapan, Coatzacoalcos, and Panuco basins. The model was successfully calibrated for monthly time steps using an automatized technique for the five watersheds. The sensitivity analysis of the calibration process showed that for most of the watersheds, the model was sensitive to groundwater and soil moisture parametrizations.

In Mexico, 16 rivers directly discharge into the Gulf of Mexico. The Mexican rivers and those coming from the United States generate large regions in which phytoplanktonic primary production possesses a seasonal component that is linked to these nutrient-rich freshwater inputs. In the present study, new flow and daily nutrient data were obtained for the largest Mexican rivers. These data were integrated as forcing factors in a configuration of the hydrodynamic Coastal and Regional Ocean COmmunity model coupled to an N2PZD2 biogeochemical model. To correctly represent biological processes in coastal regions, a biological bottom condition was implemented in the biogeochemical model. With this condition, it was possible to represent remineralization on the continental shelf of the Gulf of Mexico. We present a 21 year simulation using two different configurations. The first included river forcing, and the second did not consider their influence. The results were validated with satellite images of the surface concentration of chlorophyll and compared with data from previous studies. The coupled model was able to realistically reproduce the seasonal dynamics of primary production in the Gulf of Mexico based on the concentration and distribution of chlorophyll, both at the surface and in the water column. Finally, the physical processes that influence the dynamics of primary production in the deep region and continental shelf of the gulf were defined. In the deep region, primary production was dominated by vertical mixing induced by the passage of cold fronts during winter and mesoscale structures. On the continental shelf, such dynamics were dominated by coastal upwelling and fluvial nutrient contributions.

Introduction Isthmin 2 (ISM2) is a protein which expression in humans is almost specific to the placenta. There is no previous report in the literature that investigated this protein in preeclampsia or choriocarcinoma. Methods We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional study that included women with preeclampsia, gestational hypertension and normotensive pregnancy. We measured serum concentrations of ISM2 protein and performed immunohistochemistry in placenta tissues. We also performed immunohistochemistry of ISM2 in samples from choriocarcinoma and compare with lung, prostate, colon, gastric and breast cancers. Results A total of 81 patients were included, 30 with preeclampsia, 21 with gestational hypertension and 30 controls. The ISM2 protein was found to be decreased in patients with preeclampsia compared to the control group (P = 0.036). These results were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. We also found that ISM2 protein was overexpressed in choriocarcinoma. Discussion Taken together, our results suggest an angiogenic function for ISM2. Its serum level decreased in our patients with preeclampsia could be reflecting that it is involved in the pathogenesis of the disease; on the other hand its high expression in choriocarcinoma, indicates that ISM2 may play an active role in the angiogenesis of this and other cancers., Pregnancy; Obstetrics and gynecology; Reproductive system; Evidence-based medicine; Laboratory medicine; Biomarkers; ISM2, Preeclampsia, Choriocarcinoma, Angiogenic protein

Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de los bioestimulantes Biobrás 16 y QuitoMax sobre el desarrollo morfológico, el rendimiento y los hongos fitopatógenos del cultivo de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), variedad Delicias-364, se realizó un estudio en la Finca "Los Almeidas” en el municipio Aguada de Pasajeros, provincia Cienfuegos, durante la campaña de primavera 2015-2016. Se realizaron dos aplicaciones de los bioestimulantes de crecimiento Biobrás 16 a dosis de 0,025 y 0,050 Lha-1 y QuitoMax a 0,050 y 0,100 Lha-1, en las fases vegetativa y reproductiva del cultivo en un suelo Ferralítico Rojo Típico (IIA). Se evaluaron indicadores morfológicos como: altura de la planta, número de flores y vainas por planta, longitud de las vainas, granos por vaina, peso de 100 granos, además rendimientos, incidencia de hongos fitopatógenos y la viabilidad económica de las aplicaciones. El mejor resultado se obtuvo con el tratamiento de Biobrás 16 a 0,050 Lha-1. Todos los tratamientos mostraron efectividad económica y el mejor resultó el Biobrás 16 a 0,050 Lha-1.

Objective Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, regulate important biological processes as gene expression and it was suggested that these phenomena play important roles in the carcinogenesis and tumor biology. The aim of this review is to provide the current state of knowledge about epigenetic alterations, focusing mainly on DNA methylation, reported in odontogenic tumors. Design Literatures were searched based in the combination of the following keywords: odontogenic tumors, epigenetics, DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNA, microRNA, DNA methyltransferases. Electronic databases (Medline/PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) were screened. Results The analysis of epigenetic alterations in different tumors has rapidly increased; however, limited information is available about epigenetic mechanisms involved in the formation of odontogenic tumors. DNA methylation is the most studied epigenetic modification in these tumors and the participation of non-coding RNA’s in odontogenic tumors has been recently addressed. Differential expression of DNA methyltransferases, altered DNA methylation patterns and aberrant expression of non-coding RNA’s were reported in odontogenic tumors. Conclusions Current studies suggest epigenetics as an emerging mechanism, possibly implicated in etiopathogenesis of odontogenic tumors. Deeper understanding of the epigenetic abnormalities in these tumors could show potential applications as biomarkers or therapeutic possibilities in the future.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous cell population with potent immunosuppressive functions. They play major roles in cancer and many of the pathologic conditions associated with inflammation. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are untranslated functional RNA molecules. The lncRNAs are involved in the control of a wide variety of cellular processes and are dysregulated in different diseases. They can participate in the modulation of immune function and activity of inflammatory cells, including MDSCs. This mini review focuses on the emerging role of lncRNAs in MDSC activity. We summarize how lncRNAs modulate the generation, recruitment, and immunosuppressive functions of MDSCs and the underlying mechanisms.

A predator insect larvae and eggs of Musca domestica L. (housefly) reported in the municipality Passenger Aguada, Cienfuegos. The present investigation was carried out with the objective to evaluate some aspects of the ecology and the biology of Asyndetus sp. as effective biorregulator on the populations of domestic fly inAgricultural units. It was determined the duration and the dimensions of the development states: egg, larva, pustule and adult of the insect, where 100 individuals were evaluated, as well as, the influence on the environmental conditions on the populations of Asyndetus sp. the bioregulator action of the development the populations of domestic fly in their natural media and the flight capacity of the adults of the predator. The results reveal that Asyndetus sp. carries out the predator action on the larva states and adult. The results reveal that Asyndetus sp. performs the depredations in the states larval and adult fly with a duration of 7 and 17 days for larval and adult states, respectively. The biorregulator activity is effective, so, it constitutes an efficient and stable depredator reaching up to 11 predators for prey relationships. The establishment of Asyndetus sp. allowed save for the elaboration center “The Galleon” 3600 CUC annually for no use of chemical control for the domestic fly, helping the protection to the environment and the health of the workers of the unit.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that compromises the integrity of the periodontium. Despite extensive research involving periodontitis, the detailed mechanisms underlying periodontal inflammation remain unclear. However, new important expression regulators have been emerging, such as non-coding RNAs, which are important determinants in the molecular control of the inflammatory process. Taking into consideration the vital role of non-coding RNAs, we determined for the first time the expression profiles of different long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are implicated in inflammation. In this study, we take periodontal samples of healthy subjects, patients with gingivitis and with periodontitis. In both disease groups, the lncRNA OIP5-AS1 expression levels were lower than levels in healthy subjects (P < 0.05). This study reveals new insights into the relative levels of OIP5-AS1 lncRNA in healthy, gingivitis and periodontal tissue, which may have important applications as a potential biomarker with protagonist activity in the development and manifestation of destructive periodontitis.

We determined mRNA expression of genes of endothelin-1 (ET-1), and of the transforming growth factor beta ligands (TGFβ1, TGFβ2 and TGFβ3), their receptors (TβRI and TβRII) and their pseudoreceptor BAMBI in the heart of broilers raised under cold temperature conditions and affected by pulmonary hypertension. Gene expression was determined by RT-qPCR in right myocardial ventricle samples from 4-week-old chickens (n = 48) raised either under normal (control) or cold temperature conditions (22 °C versus 14 °C). We do not find differences among healthy birds, birds with cardiac failure and ascitic birds in the mRNA levels of TGFβ2, TGFβ3 and BAMBI. In the control group, ET-1 mRNA level was increased in the ascitic birds as compared with healthy birds and birds with cardiac failure (p 0.05) whereas in the cold treated group, no increase was observed (p 0.05); yet, ascitic birds in the cold group showed lower mean than ascitic birds in the control group (p 0.05). TβRII mRNA expression was higher in ascitic than in healthy birds (p 0.05) in both control and cold treated groups; however, in the ascitic birds of the cold treated group TβRII expression was lower than in ascitic birds from the control group (p 0.05). Thus, the higher ET-1 and TβRII levels observed in ascitic birds seem to be attenuated by cold.

A two-dimensional algorithm for underground water flow simulation was modified and adapted to the geohydrologic conditions of the Guadalupe valley located in the state of Baja California in northern Mexico. In order to solve the numerical model using the balance equation, the central finite differences with spatial and temporal constant increments method were used. Such model considers a heterogeneous and transient unconfined aquifer. Modeling and calibration processes are presented using the data of water table levels provided by the water level data loggers installed in a monitoring network and precipitation data from climatic stations of both seasons: 2009-2010 and 2010-2011. It was possible to locate, correlate and model specific rainfall-recharge events with the aim of obtaining an estimation of how these events are directly reflected on the water table level of the aquifer and how it reacts against simulated extraordinary events.

We used nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction to determine the distribution of cytomegalovirus gB genotype in 30 Mexican children undergoing bone marrow transplantation. The genotypes were: gB1, 9/30 (30%); gB2, 8/30 (27%); gB3, 4/30 (13%), and gB4, 1/30 (3%); mixed genotypes were identified in 8/30 patients (27%). We conclude that the predominant genotypes identified were gB2 and gB1. The gB5 genotype was not detected, and a high proportion of mixed genotype was found.