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1. Health sector spending and spending on HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, and development assistance for health: progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3

Author

Micah, A, Su, Y, Bachmeier, S, Chapin, A, Cogswell, I, Crosby, S, Cunningham, B, Harle, A, Maddison, E, Moitra, M, Sahu, M, Schneider, M, Simpson, K, Stutzman, H, Tsakalos, G, Zende, R, Zlavog, B, Abbafati, C, Abebo, Z, Abolhassani, H, Abrigo, M, Ahmed, M, Akinyemi, R, Alam, K, Ali, S, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Almasi, A, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, T, Andrei, C, Anjomshoa, M, Antonio, C, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aremu, O, Atnafu, D, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Ayanore, M, Azari, S, Babalola, T, Bagherzadeh, M, Baig, A, Bakhtiari, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, S, Barnighausen, T, Basu, S, Baune, B, Bayati, M, Berman, A, Bhageerathy, R, Bhardwaj, P, Bohluli, M, Busse, R, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Camera, L, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Catala-Lopez, F, Cevik, M, Chattu, V, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dianatinasab, M, Do, H, Doshmangir, L, El Tantawi, M, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Faraj, A, Farzadfar, F, Fischer, F, Foigt, N, Fullman, N, Gad, M, Ghafourifard, M, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Goharinezhad, S, Grada, A, Haghparast Bidgoli, H, Hamidi, S, Harb, H, Hasanpoor, E, Hay, S, Hendrie, D, Henry, N, Herteliu, C, Hole, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Huda, T, Humayun, A, Hwang, B, Ilesanmi, O, Iqbal, U, Irvani, S, Islam, S, Islam, M, Jahani, M, Jakovljevic, M, James, S, Javaheri, Z, Jonas, J, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Jurisson, M, Kalhor, R, Karami Matin, B, Karimi, S, Kayode, G, Kazemi Karyani, A, Kinfu, Y, Kisa, A, Kohler, S, Komaki, H, Kosen, S, Kotlo, A, Koyanagi, A, Kumar, G, Kusuma, D, Lansingh, V, Larsson, A, Lasrado, S, Lee, S, Lim, L, Lozano, R, Magdy Abd El Razek, H, Mahdavi, M, Maleki, S, Malekzadeh, R, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Martinez, G, Masoumi, S, Massenburg, B, Menezes, R, Mengesha, E, Meretoja, T, Meretoja, A, Mestrovic, T, Milevska Kostova, N, Miller, T, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohajer, B, Mohamadi, E, Mohammad Darwesh, A, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, A, Morrison, S, Mosser, J, Mousavi, S, Muriithi, M, Muthupandian, S, Myint, C, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, H, Nonvignon, J, Noubiap, J, Oh, I, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, J, Olusanya, B, Omar Bali, A, Onwujekwe, O, Otstavnov, S, Otstavnov, N, Owolabi, M, Padubidri, J, Palladino, R, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Postma, M, Prada, S, Pribadi, D, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Rahim, F, Ranabhat, C, Rao, S, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, D, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Rezapour, A, Sabour, S, Sahraian, M, Salman, O, Salomon, J, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santos, J, Santric Milicevic, M, Sao Jose, B, Savic, M, Schwendicke, F, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, S, Servan-Mori, E, Setayesh, H, Shaikh, M, Sheikh, A, Shibuya, K, Shrime, M, Simonetti, B, Singh, J, Singh, P, Skryabin, V, Soheili, A, Soltani, S, Stefan, S, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Topor-Madry, R, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, B, Travillian, R, Undurraga, E, Valdez, P, van Boven, J, Vasankari, T, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vos, T, Wolfe, C, Wu, J, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, Zaman, S, Zastrozhin, M, Zhang, Z, Zhao, Y, Murray, C, Dieleman, J, Micah A. E., Su Y., Bachmeier S. D., Chapin A., Cogswell I. E., Crosby S. W., Cunningham B., Harle A. C., Maddison E. R., Moitra M., Sahu M., Schneider M. T., Simpson K. E., Stutzman H. N., Tsakalos G., Zende R. R., Zlavog B. S., Abbafati C., Abebo Z. H., Abolhassani H., Abrigo M. R. M., Ahmed M. B., Akinyemi R. O., Alam K., Ali S., Alinia C., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Almasi A., Alvis-Guzman N., Ancuceanu R., Andrei T., Andrei C. L., Anjomshoa M., Antonio C. A. T., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Aremu O., Atnafu D. D., Ausloos M., Avila-Burgos L., Ayanore M. A., Azari S., Babalola T. K., Bagherzadeh M., Baig A. A., Bakhtiari A., Banach M., Banerjee S. K., Barnighausen T. W., Basu S., Baune B. T., Bayati M., Berman A. E., Bhageerathy R., Bhardwaj P., Bohluli M., Busse R., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Camera L. L. A., Castaneda-Orjuela C. A., Catala-Lopez F., Cevik M., Chattu V. K., Dandona L., Dandona R., Dianatinasab M., Do H. T., Doshmangir L., El Tantawi M., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilzadeh F., Faraj A., Farzadfar F., Fischer F., Foigt N. A., Fullman N., Gad M. M., Ghafourifard M., Ghashghaee A., Gholamian A., Goharinezhad S., Grada A., Haghparast Bidgoli H., Hamidi S., Harb H. L., Hasanpoor E., Hay S. I., Hendrie D., Henry N. J., Herteliu C., Hole M. K., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc S., Huda T. M., Humayun A., Hwang B. -F., Ilesanmi O. S., Iqbal U., Irvani S. S. N., Islam S. M. S., Islam M. M., Jahani M. A., Jakovljevic M., James S. L., Javaheri Z., Jonas J. B., Joukar F., Jozwiak J. J., Jurisson M., Kalhor R., Karami Matin B., Karimi S. E., Kayode G. A., Kazemi Karyani A., Kinfu Y., Kisa A., Kohler S., Komaki H., Kosen S., Kotlo A., Koyanagi A., Kumar G. A., Kusuma D., Lansingh V. C., Larsson A. O., Lasrado S., Lee S. W. H., Lim L. -L., Lozano R., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Mahdavi M. M., Maleki S., Malekzadeh R., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansournia M. A., Mantovani L. G., Martinez G., Masoumi S. Z., Massenburg B. B., Menezes R. G., Mengesha E. W., Meretoja T. J., Meretoja A., Mestrovic T., Milevska Kostova N., Miller T. R., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E. M., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohajer B., Mohamadi E., Mohammad Darwesh A., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed S., Mohebi F., Mokdad A. H., Morrison S. D., Mosser J. F., Mousavi S. M., Muriithi M. K., Muthupandian S., Myint C. -Y., Naderi M., Nagarajan A. J., Nguyen C. T., Nguyen H. L. T., Nonvignon J., Noubiap J. J., Oh I. -H., Olagunju A. T., Olusanya J. O., Olusanya B. O., Omar Bali A., Onwujekwe O. E., Otstavnov S. S., Otstavnov N., Owolabi M. O., Padubidri J. R., Palladino R., Panda-Jonas S., Pandey A., Postma M. J., Prada S. I., Pribadi D. R. A., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Rahim F., Ranabhat C. L., Rao S. J., Rathi P., Rawaf S., Rawaf D. L., Rawal L., Rawassizadeh R., Rezapour A., Sabour S., Sahraian M. A., Salman O. M., Salomon J. A., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Santos J. V., Santric Milicevic M. M., Sao Jose B. P., Savic M., Schwendicke F., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S. G., Servan-Mori E., Setayesh H., Shaikh M. A., Sheikh A., Shibuya K., Shrime M. G., Simonetti B., Singh J. A., Singh P., Skryabin V. Y., Soheili A., Soltani S., Stefan S. C., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Topor-Madry R., Tovani-Palone M. R., Tran B. X., Travillian R., Undurraga E. A., Valdez P. R., van Boven J. F. M., Vasankari T. J., Violante F. S., Vlassov V., Vos T., Wolfe C. D. A., Wu J., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Younis M. Z., Yu C., Zaidi Z., Zaman S. B., Zastrozhin M. S., Zhang Z. -J., Zhao Y., Murray C. J. L., Dieleman J. L., Micah, A, Su, Y, Bachmeier, S, Chapin, A, Cogswell, I, Crosby, S, Cunningham, B, Harle, A, Maddison, E, Moitra, M, Sahu, M, Schneider, M, Simpson, K, Stutzman, H, Tsakalos, G, Zende, R, Zlavog, B, Abbafati, C, Abebo, Z, Abolhassani, H, Abrigo, M, Ahmed, M, Akinyemi, R, Alam, K, Ali, S, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Almasi, A, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, T, Andrei, C, Anjomshoa, M, Antonio, C, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aremu, O, Atnafu, D, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Ayanore, M, Azari, S, Babalola, T, Bagherzadeh, M, Baig, A, Bakhtiari, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, S, Barnighausen, T, Basu, S, Baune, B, Bayati, M, Berman, A, Bhageerathy, R, Bhardwaj, P, Bohluli, M, Busse, R, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Camera, L, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Catala-Lopez, F, Cevik, M, Chattu, V, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dianatinasab, M, Do, H, Doshmangir, L, El Tantawi, M, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Faraj, A, Farzadfar, F, Fischer, F, Foigt, N, Fullman, N, Gad, M, Ghafourifard, M, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Goharinezhad, S, Grada, A, Haghparast Bidgoli, H, Hamidi, S, Harb, H, Hasanpoor, E, Hay, S, Hendrie, D, Henry, N, Herteliu, C, Hole, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Huda, T, Humayun, A, Hwang, B, Ilesanmi, O, Iqbal, U, Irvani, S, Islam, S, Islam, M, Jahani, M, Jakovljevic, M, James, S, Javaheri, Z, Jonas, J, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Jurisson, M, Kalhor, R, Karami Matin, B, Karimi, S, Kayode, G, Kazemi Karyani, A, Kinfu, Y, Kisa, A, Kohler, S, Komaki, H, Kosen, S, Kotlo, A, Koyanagi, A, Kumar, G, Kusuma, D, Lansingh, V, Larsson, A, Lasrado, S, Lee, S, Lim, L, Lozano, R, Magdy Abd El Razek, H, Mahdavi, M, Maleki, S, Malekzadeh, R, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Martinez, G, Masoumi, S, Massenburg, B, Menezes, R, Mengesha, E, Meretoja, T, Meretoja, A, Mestrovic, T, Milevska Kostova, N, Miller, T, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohajer, B, Mohamadi, E, Mohammad Darwesh, A, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, A, Morrison, S, Mosser, J, Mousavi, S, Muriithi, M, Muthupandian, S, Myint, C, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, H, Nonvignon, J, Noubiap, J, Oh, I, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, J, Olusanya, B, Omar Bali, A, Onwujekwe, O, Otstavnov, S, Otstavnov, N, Owolabi, M, Padubidri, J, Palladino, R, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Postma, M, Prada, S, Pribadi, D, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Rahim, F, Ranabhat, C, Rao, S, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, D, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Rezapour, A, Sabour, S, Sahraian, M, Salman, O, Salomon, J, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santos, J, Santric Milicevic, M, Sao Jose, B, Savic, M, Schwendicke, F, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, S, Servan-Mori, E, Setayesh, H, Shaikh, M, Sheikh, A, Shibuya, K, Shrime, M, Simonetti, B, Singh, J, Singh, P, Skryabin, V, Soheili, A, Soltani, S, Stefan, S, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Topor-Madry, R, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, B, Travillian, R, Undurraga, E, Valdez, P, van Boven, J, Vasankari, T, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vos, T, Wolfe, C, Wu, J, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, Zaman, S, Zastrozhin, M, Zhang, Z, Zhao, Y, Murray, C, Dieleman, J, Micah A. E., Su Y., Bachmeier S. D., Chapin A., Cogswell I. E., Crosby S. W., Cunningham B., Harle A. C., Maddison E. R., Moitra M., Sahu M., Schneider M. T., Simpson K. E., Stutzman H. N., Tsakalos G., Zende R. R., Zlavog B. S., Abbafati C., Abebo Z. H., Abolhassani H., Abrigo M. R. M., Ahmed M. B., Akinyemi R. O., Alam K., Ali S., Alinia C., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Almasi A., Alvis-Guzman N., Ancuceanu R., Andrei T., Andrei C. L., Anjomshoa M., Antonio C. A. T., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Aremu O., Atnafu D. D., Ausloos M., Avila-Burgos L., Ayanore M. A., Azari S., Babalola T. K., Bagherzadeh M., Baig A. A., Bakhtiari A., Banach M., Banerjee S. K., Barnighausen T. W., Basu S., Baune B. T., Bayati M., Berman A. E., Bhageerathy R., Bhardwaj P., Bohluli M., Busse R., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Camera L. L. A., Castaneda-Orjuela C. A., Catala-Lopez F., Cevik M., Chattu V. K., Dandona L., Dandona R., Dianatinasab M., Do H. T., Doshmangir L., El Tantawi M., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilzadeh F., Faraj A., Farzadfar F., Fischer F., Foigt N. A., Fullman N., Gad M. M., Ghafourifard M., Ghashghaee A., Gholamian A., Goharinezhad S., Grada A., Haghparast Bidgoli H., Hamidi S., Harb H. L., Hasanpoor E., Hay S. I., Hendrie D., Henry N. J., Herteliu C., Hole M. K., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc S., Huda T. M., Humayun A., Hwang B. -F., Ilesanmi O. S., Iqbal U., Irvani S. S. N., Islam S. M. S., Islam M. M., Jahani M. A., Jakovljevic M., James S. L., Javaheri Z., Jonas J. B., Joukar F., Jozwiak J. J., Jurisson M., Kalhor R., Karami Matin B., Karimi S. E., Kayode G. A., Kazemi Karyani A., Kinfu Y., Kisa A., Kohler S., Komaki H., Kosen S., Kotlo A., Koyanagi A., Kumar G. A., Kusuma D., Lansingh V. C., Larsson A. O., Lasrado S., Lee S. W. H., Lim L. -L., Lozano R., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Mahdavi M. M., Maleki S., Malekzadeh R., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansournia M. A., Mantovani L. G., Martinez G., Masoumi S. Z., Massenburg B. B., Menezes R. G., Mengesha E. W., Meretoja T. J., Meretoja A., Mestrovic T., Milevska Kostova N., Miller T. R., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E. M., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohajer B., Mohamadi E., Mohammad Darwesh A., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed S., Mohebi F., Mokdad A. H., Morrison S. D., Mosser J. F., Mousavi S. M., Muriithi M. K., Muthupandian S., Myint C. -Y., Naderi M., Nagarajan A. J., Nguyen C. T., Nguyen H. L. T., Nonvignon J., Noubiap J. J., Oh I. -H., Olagunju A. T., Olusanya J. O., Olusanya B. O., Omar Bali A., Onwujekwe O. E., Otstavnov S. S., Otstavnov N., Owolabi M. O., Padubidri J. R., Palladino R., Panda-Jonas S., Pandey A., Postma M. J., Prada S. I., Pribadi D. R. A., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Rahim F., Ranabhat C. L., Rao S. J., Rathi P., Rawaf S., Rawaf D. L., Rawal L., Rawassizadeh R., Rezapour A., Sabour S., Sahraian M. A., Salman O. M., Salomon J. A., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Santos J. V., Santric Milicevic M. M., Sao Jose B. P., Savic M., Schwendicke F., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S. G., Servan-Mori E., Setayesh H., Shaikh M. A., Sheikh A., Shibuya K., Shrime M. G., Simonetti B., Singh J. A., Singh P., Skryabin V. Y., Soheili A., Soltani S., Stefan S. C., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Topor-Madry R., Tovani-Palone M. R., Tran B. X., Travillian R., Undurraga E. A., Valdez P. R., van Boven J. F. M., Vasankari T. J., Violante F. S., Vlassov V., Vos T., Wolfe C. D. A., Wu J., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Younis M. Z., Yu C., Zaidi Z., Zaman S. B., Zastrozhin M. S., Zhang Z. -J., Zhao Y., Murray C. J. L., and Dieleman J. L.

Abstract

Background: Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 aims to “ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages”. While a substantial effort has been made to quantify progress towards SDG3, less research has focused on tracking spending towards this goal. We used spending estimates to measure progress in financing the priority areas of SDG3, examine the association between outcomes and financing, and identify where resource gains are most needed to achieve the SDG3 indicators for which data are available. Methods: We estimated domestic health spending, disaggregated by source (government, out-of-pocket, and prepaid private) from 1995 to 2017 for 195 countries and territories. For disease-specific health spending, we estimated spending for HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis for 135 low-income and middle-income countries, and malaria in 106 malaria-endemic countries, from 2000 to 2017. We also estimated development assistance for health (DAH) from 1990 to 2019, by source, disbursing development agency, recipient, and health focus area, including DAH for pandemic preparedness. Finally, we estimated future health spending for 195 countries and territories from 2018 until 2030. We report all spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2019 US$, unless otherwise stated. Findings: Since the development and implementation of the SDGs in 2015, global health spending has increased, reaching $7·9 trillion (95% uncertainty interval 7·8–8·0) in 2017 and is expected to increase to $11·0 trillion (10·7–11·2) by 2030. In 2017, in low-income and middle-income countries spending on HIV/AIDS was $20·2 billion (17·0–25·0) and on tuberculosis it was $10·9 billion (10·3–11·8), and in malaria-endemic countries spending on malaria was $5·1 billion (4·9–5·4). Development assistance for health was $40·6 billion in 2019 and HIV/AIDS has been the health focus area to receive the highest contribution since 2004. In 2019, $374 million of DAH was provided for pandemic preparedness, less than 1% of

Published
2020

2. A fuzzy mathematical programming approach to DEA models

Author

Azadeh, A., Ghaderi, S.F., Javaheri, Z., and Saberi, M.

Subjects
Data envelopment analysis -- Models, Fuzzy algorithms -- Methods, Fuzzy logic -- Methods, Fuzzy systems -- Methods, Electric power production -- Models, Fuzzy logic, Science and technology
Abstract

Evaluating the performance of activities or organizations by traditional Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) as efficiency frontier analysis models requires crisp input/output data. However, in real-world problems inputs and outputs are often imprecise. This study develops DEA models using imprecise data represented by fuzzy sets. An important outcome of assessing relative efficiencies within a group of Decision Making Units (DMUs) in fuzzy data envelopment analysis is to determine efficient DMUs. We find efficiency measures with fuzzy inputs and outputs via proposed model. An example using fuzzy data is presented for illustrative purposes. We apply this method in the application to the power generation sector of Iran. Keywords: Fuzzy logic, optimization, data envelopment analysis, power plant, INTRODUCTION Efficiency frontier analysis has been an important approach of evaluating firms' performance in private and public sectors. There have been many efficiency frontier analysis methods reported in the literature. [...]

Published
2008

3. Health sector spending and spending on HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, and development assistance for health: progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3

Author

Micah, A.E., Su, Y., Bachmeier, S.D, Chapin, A., Cogswell, I.E., Crosby, S.W., Cunningham, B., Harle, A.C., Maddison, E.R., Moitra, M., Sahu, M., Schneider, M.T., Simpson, K.E., Stutzman, H.N., Tsakalos, G., Zende, R.R., Zlavog, B.S., Abbafati, C., Abebo, Z.H., Abolhassani, H., Abrigo, M.R.M., Ahmed, M.B., Akinyemi, R.O., Alam, K., Ali, S., Alinia, C., Alipour, V., Aljunid, S.M., Almasi, A., Alvis-Guzman, N., Ancuceanu, R., Andrei, T., Andrei, C.L., Anjomshoa, M., Antonio, C.A.T., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Aremu, O., Atnafu, D.D., Ausloos, M., Avila-Burgos, L., Ayanore, M.A., Azari, S., Babalola, T.K., Bagherzadeh, M., Baig, A.A., Bakhtiari, A., Banach, M., Banerjee, S.K., Bärnighausen, T.W., Basu, S., Baune, B.T., Bayati, M., Berman, A.E., Bhageerathy, R., Bhardwaj, P., Bohluli, M., Busse, R., Cahuana-Hurtado, L., Cámera, L.L.A., Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A., Catalá-López, F., Cevik, M., Chattu, V.K., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Dianatinasab, M., Do, H.T., Doshmangir, L., El Tantawi, M., Eskandarieh, S., Esmaeilzadeh, F., Faraj, A., Farzadfar, F., Fischer, F., Foigt, N.A., Fullman, N., Gad, M.M., Ghafourifard, M., Ghashghaee, A., Gholamian, A., Goharinezhad, S., Grada, A., Haghparast Bidgoli, H., Hamidi, S., Harb, H.L., Hasanpoor, E., Hay, S.I., Hendrie, D., Henry, N.J., Herteliu, C., Hole, M.K., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, S., Huda, T.M., Humayun, A., Hwang, B-F, Ilesanmi, O.S., Iqbal, U., Irvani, S.S.N., Islam, S.M.S., Islam, M.M., Jahani, M.A., Jakovljevic, M., James, S.L., Javaheri, Z., Jonas, J.B., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J.J., Jürisson, M., Kalhor, R., Karami Matin, B., Karimi, S.E., Kayode, G.A., Kazemi Karyani, A., Kinfu, Y., Kisa, A., Kohler, S., Komaki, H., Kosen, S., Kotlo, A., Koyanagi, A., Kumar, G.A., Kusuma, D., Lansingh, V.C., Larsson, A.O., Lasrado, S., Lee, S.W.H., Lim, L-L, Lozano, R., Magdy Abd El Razek, H., Mahdavi, M.M., Maleki, S., Malekzadeh, R., Mansour-Ghanaei, F., Mansournia, M.A., Mantovani, L.G., Martinez, G., Masoumi, S.Z., Massenburg, B.B., Menezes, R.G., Mengesha, E.W., Meretoja, T.J, Meretoja, A., Mestrovic, T., Milevska Kostova, N., Miller, T.R., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, E.M., Moghadaszadeh, M., Mohajer, B., Mohamadi, E., Mohammad Darwesh, A., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mohammed, S., Mohebi, F., Mokdad, A.H., Morrison, S.D., Mosser, J.F., Mousavi, S.M., Muriithi, Moses K, Muthupandian, S., Myint, C-Y, Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A.J., Nguyen, C.T., Nguyen, H.L.T., Nonvignon, J., Noubiap, J.J., Oh, I-H, Olagunju, A.T., Olusanya, J.O., Olusanya, B.O., Omar Bali, A., Onwujekwe, O.E., Otstavnov, S.S., Otstavnov, N., Owolabi, M.O., Padubidri, J.R., Palladino, R., Panda-Jonas, S., Pandey, A., Postma, M.J., Prada, S.I., Pribadi, D.R.A., Rabiee, M., Rabiee, N., Rahim, F., Ranabhat, C.L., Rao, S.J., Rathi, P., Rawaf, S., Rawaf, D.L., Rawal, L., Rawassizadeh, R., Rezapour, A., Sabour, S., Sahraian, M.A., Salman, O.M., Salomon, J.A., Samy, A.M., Sanabria, J., Santos, J.V., Santric Milicevic, M.M., Sao Jose, B.P., Savic, M., Schwendicke, F., Senthilkumaran, S., Sepanlou, S.G., Serván-Mori, E., Setayesh, H., Shaikh, M.A., Sheikh, A., Shibuya, K., Shrime, M.G., Simonetti, B., Singh, J.A., Singh, P., Skryabin, V.Y., Soheili, A., Soltani, S., Ștefan, S.C., Tabarés-Seisdedos, R., Topor-Madry, R., Tovani-Palone, M.R., Tran, B.X., Travillian, R., Undurraga, E.A., Valdez, P.R., van Boven, J.F.M., Vasankari, T.J., Violante, F.S., Vlassov, V., Vos, T., Wolfe, C.D.A., Wu, J., Yaya, S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Younis, M.Z., Yu, C., Zaidi, Z., Zaman, S.B., Zastrozhin, M.S., Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, Y., Murray, C.J.L., Dieleman, J.L., Micah, A.E., Su, Y., Bachmeier, S.D, Chapin, A., Cogswell, I.E., Crosby, S.W., Cunningham, B., Harle, A.C., Maddison, E.R., Moitra, M., Sahu, M., Schneider, M.T., Simpson, K.E., Stutzman, H.N., Tsakalos, G., Zende, R.R., Zlavog, B.S., Abbafati, C., Abebo, Z.H., Abolhassani, H., Abrigo, M.R.M., Ahmed, M.B., Akinyemi, R.O., Alam, K., Ali, S., Alinia, C., Alipour, V., Aljunid, S.M., Almasi, A., Alvis-Guzman, N., Ancuceanu, R., Andrei, T., Andrei, C.L., Anjomshoa, M., Antonio, C.A.T., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Aremu, O., Atnafu, D.D., Ausloos, M., Avila-Burgos, L., Ayanore, M.A., Azari, S., Babalola, T.K., Bagherzadeh, M., Baig, A.A., Bakhtiari, A., Banach, M., Banerjee, S.K., Bärnighausen, T.W., Basu, S., Baune, B.T., Bayati, M., Berman, A.E., Bhageerathy, R., Bhardwaj, P., Bohluli, M., Busse, R., Cahuana-Hurtado, L., Cámera, L.L.A., Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A., Catalá-López, F., Cevik, M., Chattu, V.K., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Dianatinasab, M., Do, H.T., Doshmangir, L., El Tantawi, M., Eskandarieh, S., Esmaeilzadeh, F., Faraj, A., Farzadfar, F., Fischer, F., Foigt, N.A., Fullman, N., Gad, M.M., Ghafourifard, M., Ghashghaee, A., Gholamian, A., Goharinezhad, S., Grada, A., Haghparast Bidgoli, H., Hamidi, S., Harb, H.L., Hasanpoor, E., Hay, S.I., Hendrie, D., Henry, N.J., Herteliu, C., Hole, M.K., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, S., Huda, T.M., Humayun, A., Hwang, B-F, Ilesanmi, O.S., Iqbal, U., Irvani, S.S.N., Islam, S.M.S., Islam, M.M., Jahani, M.A., Jakovljevic, M., James, S.L., Javaheri, Z., Jonas, J.B., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J.J., Jürisson, M., Kalhor, R., Karami Matin, B., Karimi, S.E., Kayode, G.A., Kazemi Karyani, A., Kinfu, Y., Kisa, A., Kohler, S., Komaki, H., Kosen, S., Kotlo, A., Koyanagi, A., Kumar, G.A., Kusuma, D., Lansingh, V.C., Larsson, A.O., Lasrado, S., Lee, S.W.H., Lim, L-L, Lozano, R., Magdy Abd El Razek, H., Mahdavi, M.M., Maleki, S., Malekzadeh, R., Mansour-Ghanaei, F., Mansournia, M.A., Mantovani, L.G., Martinez, G., Masoumi, S.Z., Massenburg, B.B., Menezes, R.G., Mengesha, E.W., Meretoja, T.J, Meretoja, A., Mestrovic, T., Milevska Kostova, N., Miller, T.R., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, E.M., Moghadaszadeh, M., Mohajer, B., Mohamadi, E., Mohammad Darwesh, A., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mohammed, S., Mohebi, F., Mokdad, A.H., Morrison, S.D., Mosser, J.F., Mousavi, S.M., Muriithi, Moses K, Muthupandian, S., Myint, C-Y, Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A.J., Nguyen, C.T., Nguyen, H.L.T., Nonvignon, J., Noubiap, J.J., Oh, I-H, Olagunju, A.T., Olusanya, J.O., Olusanya, B.O., Omar Bali, A., Onwujekwe, O.E., Otstavnov, S.S., Otstavnov, N., Owolabi, M.O., Padubidri, J.R., Palladino, R., Panda-Jonas, S., Pandey, A., Postma, M.J., Prada, S.I., Pribadi, D.R.A., Rabiee, M., Rabiee, N., Rahim, F., Ranabhat, C.L., Rao, S.J., Rathi, P., Rawaf, S., Rawaf, D.L., Rawal, L., Rawassizadeh, R., Rezapour, A., Sabour, S., Sahraian, M.A., Salman, O.M., Salomon, J.A., Samy, A.M., Sanabria, J., Santos, J.V., Santric Milicevic, M.M., Sao Jose, B.P., Savic, M., Schwendicke, F., Senthilkumaran, S., Sepanlou, S.G., Serván-Mori, E., Setayesh, H., Shaikh, M.A., Sheikh, A., Shibuya, K., Shrime, M.G., Simonetti, B., Singh, J.A., Singh, P., Skryabin, V.Y., Soheili, A., Soltani, S., Ștefan, S.C., Tabarés-Seisdedos, R., Topor-Madry, R., Tovani-Palone, M.R., Tran, B.X., Travillian, R., Undurraga, E.A., Valdez, P.R., van Boven, J.F.M., Vasankari, T.J., Violante, F.S., Vlassov, V., Vos, T., Wolfe, C.D.A., Wu, J., Yaya, S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Younis, M.Z., Yu, C., Zaidi, Z., Zaman, S.B., Zastrozhin, M.S., Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, Y., Murray, C.J.L., and Dieleman, J.L.

Abstract

Background: Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 aims to “ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages”. While a substantial effort has been made to quantify progress towards SDG3, less research has focused on tracking spending towards this goal. We used spending estimates to measure progress in financing the priority areas of SDG3, examine the association between outcomes and financing, and identify where resource gains are most needed to achieve the SDG3 indicators for which data are available. Methods: We estimated domestic health spending, disaggregated by source (government, out-of-pocket, and prepaid private) from 1995 to 2017 for 195 countries and territories. For disease-specific health spending, we estimated spending for HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis for 135 low-income and middle-income countries, and malaria in 106 malaria-endemic countries, from 2000 to 2017. We also estimated development assistance for health (DAH) from 1990 to 2019, by source, disbursing development agency, recipient, and health focus area, including DAH for pandemic preparedness. Finally, we estimated future health spending for 195 countries and territories from 2018 until 2030. We report all spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2019 US$, unless otherwise stated. Findings: Since the development and implementation of the SDGs in 2015, global health spending has increased, reaching $7·9 trillion (95% uncertainty interval 7·8–8·0) in 2017 and is expected to increase to $11·0 trillion (10·7–11·2) by 2030. In 2017, in low-income and middle-income countries spending on HIV/AIDS was $20·2 billion (17·0–25·0) and on tuberculosis it was $10·9 billion (10·3–11·8), and in malaria-endemic countries spending on malaria was $5·1 billion (4·9–5·4). Development assistance for health was $40·6 billion in 2019 and HIV/AIDS has been the health focus area to receive the highest contribution since 2004. In 2019, $374 million of DAH was provided for pandemic preparedness, less than 1% of

Published
2020

4. Health sector spending and spending on HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, and development assistance for health: progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3

Author

Micah, AE, Su, Y, Bachmeier, SD, Chapin, A, Cogswell, IE, Crosby, SW, Cunningham, B, Harle, AC, Maddison, ER, Moitra, M, Sahu, M, Schneider, MT, Simpson, KE, Stutzman, HN, Tsakalos, G, Zende, RR, Zlavog, BS, Abbafati, C, Abebo, ZH, Abolhassani, H, Abrigo, MRM, Ahmed, MB, Akinyemi, RO, Alam, K, Ali, S, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Almasi, A, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, T, Andrei, CL, Anjomshoa, M, Antonio, CAT, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aremu, O, Atnafu, DD, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Ayanore, MA, Azari, S, Babalola, TK, Bagherzadeh, M, Baig, AA, Bakhtiari, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, SK, Barnighausen, TW, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Bayati, M, Berman, AE, Bhageerathy, R, Bhardwaj, P, Bohluli, M, Busse, R, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Camera, LLAA, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Catala-Lopez, F, Cevik, M, Chattu, VK, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dianatinasab, M, Hoa, TD, Doshmangir, L, El Tantawi, M, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Faraj, A, Farzadfar, F, Fischer, F, Foigt, NA, Fullman, N, Gad, MM, Ghafourifard, M, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Goharinezhad, S, Grada, A, Bidgoli, HH, Hamidi, S, Harb, HL, Hasanpoor, E, Hay, SI, Hendrie, D, Henry, NJ, Herteliu, C, Hole, MK, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Huda, TM, Humayun, A, Hwang, B-F, Ilesanmi, OS, Iqbal, U, Irvani, SS, Islam, SMS, Islam, MM, Jahani, MA, Jakovljevic, M, James, SL, Javaheri, Z, Jonas, JB, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Jurisson, M, Kalhor, R, Matin, BK, Karimi, SE, Kayode, GA, Karyani, AK, Kinfu, Y, Kisa, A, Kohler, S, Komaki, H, Kosen, S, Kotlo, A, Koyanagi, A, Kumar, GA, Kusuma, D, Lansingh, VC, Larsson, AO, Lasrado, S, Lee, SWH, Lim, L-L, Lozano, R, Abd El Razek, HM, Mahdavi, MM, Maleki, S, Malekzadeh, R, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansournia, MA, Mantovani, LG, Martinez, G, Masoumi, SZ, Massenburg, BB, Menezes, RG, Mengesha, EW, Meretoja, TJ, Meretoja, A, Mestrovic, T, Kostova, NM, Miller, TR, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohajer, B, Mohamadi, E, Darwesh, AM, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, AH, Morrison, SD, Mosser, JF, Mousavi, SM, Muriithi, MK, Muthupandian, S, Myint, C-Y, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, AJ, Cuong, TN, Huong, LTN, Nonvignon, J, Noubiap, JJ, Oh, I-H, Olagunju, AT, Olusanya, JO, Olusanya, BO, Bali, AO, Onwujekwe, OE, Otstavnov, SS, Otstavnov, N, Owolabi, MO, Padubidri, JR, Palladino, R, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Postma, MJ, Prada, SI, Pribadi, DRA, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Rahim, F, Ranabhat, CL, Rao, SJ, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, DL, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Rezapour, A, Sabour, S, Sahraian, MA, Salman, OM, Salomon, JA, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Santos, JV, Milicevic, MMS, Jose, BPS, Savic, M, Schwendicke, F, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Servan-Mori, E, Setayesh, H, Shaikh, MA, Sheikh, A, Shibuya, K, Shrime, MG, Simonetti, B, Singh, JA, Singh, P, Skryabin, VY, Soheili, A, Soltani, S, Stefan, SC, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Topor-Madry, R, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tran, BX, Travillian, R, Undurraga, EA, Valdez, PR, van Boven, JFM, Vasankari, TJ, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Vos, T, Wolfe, CDA, Wu, J, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Younis, MZ, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, Bin Zaman, S, Zastrozhin, MS, Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, Y, Murray, CJL, Dieleman, JL, Micah, AE, Su, Y, Bachmeier, SD, Chapin, A, Cogswell, IE, Crosby, SW, Cunningham, B, Harle, AC, Maddison, ER, Moitra, M, Sahu, M, Schneider, MT, Simpson, KE, Stutzman, HN, Tsakalos, G, Zende, RR, Zlavog, BS, Abbafati, C, Abebo, ZH, Abolhassani, H, Abrigo, MRM, Ahmed, MB, Akinyemi, RO, Alam, K, Ali, S, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Almasi, A, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, T, Andrei, CL, Anjomshoa, M, Antonio, CAT, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aremu, O, Atnafu, DD, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Ayanore, MA, Azari, S, Babalola, TK, Bagherzadeh, M, Baig, AA, Bakhtiari, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, SK, Barnighausen, TW, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Bayati, M, Berman, AE, Bhageerathy, R, Bhardwaj, P, Bohluli, M, Busse, R, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Camera, LLAA, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Catala-Lopez, F, Cevik, M, Chattu, VK, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dianatinasab, M, Hoa, TD, Doshmangir, L, El Tantawi, M, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Faraj, A, Farzadfar, F, Fischer, F, Foigt, NA, Fullman, N, Gad, MM, Ghafourifard, M, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Goharinezhad, S, Grada, A, Bidgoli, HH, Hamidi, S, Harb, HL, Hasanpoor, E, Hay, SI, Hendrie, D, Henry, NJ, Herteliu, C, Hole, MK, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Huda, TM, Humayun, A, Hwang, B-F, Ilesanmi, OS, Iqbal, U, Irvani, SS, Islam, SMS, Islam, MM, Jahani, MA, Jakovljevic, M, James, SL, Javaheri, Z, Jonas, JB, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Jurisson, M, Kalhor, R, Matin, BK, Karimi, SE, Kayode, GA, Karyani, AK, Kinfu, Y, Kisa, A, Kohler, S, Komaki, H, Kosen, S, Kotlo, A, Koyanagi, A, Kumar, GA, Kusuma, D, Lansingh, VC, Larsson, AO, Lasrado, S, Lee, SWH, Lim, L-L, Lozano, R, Abd El Razek, HM, Mahdavi, MM, Maleki, S, Malekzadeh, R, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansournia, MA, Mantovani, LG, Martinez, G, Masoumi, SZ, Massenburg, BB, Menezes, RG, Mengesha, EW, Meretoja, TJ, Meretoja, A, Mestrovic, T, Kostova, NM, Miller, TR, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohajer, B, Mohamadi, E, Darwesh, AM, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, AH, Morrison, SD, Mosser, JF, Mousavi, SM, Muriithi, MK, Muthupandian, S, Myint, C-Y, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, AJ, Cuong, TN, Huong, LTN, Nonvignon, J, Noubiap, JJ, Oh, I-H, Olagunju, AT, Olusanya, JO, Olusanya, BO, Bali, AO, Onwujekwe, OE, Otstavnov, SS, Otstavnov, N, Owolabi, MO, Padubidri, JR, Palladino, R, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Postma, MJ, Prada, SI, Pribadi, DRA, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Rahim, F, Ranabhat, CL, Rao, SJ, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, DL, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Rezapour, A, Sabour, S, Sahraian, MA, Salman, OM, Salomon, JA, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Santos, JV, Milicevic, MMS, Jose, BPS, Savic, M, Schwendicke, F, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Servan-Mori, E, Setayesh, H, Shaikh, MA, Sheikh, A, Shibuya, K, Shrime, MG, Simonetti, B, Singh, JA, Singh, P, Skryabin, VY, Soheili, A, Soltani, S, Stefan, SC, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Topor-Madry, R, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tran, BX, Travillian, R, Undurraga, EA, Valdez, PR, van Boven, JFM, Vasankari, TJ, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Vos, T, Wolfe, CDA, Wu, J, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Younis, MZ, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, Bin Zaman, S, Zastrozhin, MS, Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, Y, Murray, CJL, and Dieleman, JL

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 aims to "ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages". While a substantial effort has been made to quantify progress towards SDG3, less research has focused on tracking spending towards this goal. We used spending estimates to measure progress in financing the priority areas of SDG3, examine the association between outcomes and financing, and identify where resource gains are most needed to achieve the SDG3 indicators for which data are available. METHODS: We estimated domestic health spending, disaggregated by source (government, out-of-pocket, and prepaid private) from 1995 to 2017 for 195 countries and territories. For disease-specific health spending, we estimated spending for HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis for 135 low-income and middle-income countries, and malaria in 106 malaria-endemic countries, from 2000 to 2017. We also estimated development assistance for health (DAH) from 1990 to 2019, by source, disbursing development agency, recipient, and health focus area, including DAH for pandemic preparedness. Finally, we estimated future health spending for 195 countries and territories from 2018 until 2030. We report all spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2019 US$, unless otherwise stated. FINDINGS: Since the development and implementation of the SDGs in 2015, global health spending has increased, reaching $7·9 trillion (95% uncertainty interval 7·8-8·0) in 2017 and is expected to increase to $11·0 trillion (10·7-11·2) by 2030. In 2017, in low-income and middle-income countries spending on HIV/AIDS was $20·2 billion (17·0-25·0) and on tuberculosis it was $10·9 billion (10·3-11·8), and in malaria-endemic countries spending on malaria was $5·1 billion (4·9-5·4). Development assistance for health was $40·6 billion in 2019 and HIV/AIDS has been the health focus area to receive the highest contribution since 2004. In 2019, $374 million of DAH was provided for pandemic preparedness, less than 1% of

Published
2020

5. Health sector spending and spending on HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, and development assistance for health: progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3

Author

Priya Rathi, Ritesh G. Menezes, Edris Hasanpoor, Sanni Yaya, Mohsen Bayati, Maciej Banach, Raffaele Palladino, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Siamak Sabour, Theo Vos, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi, Shahin Soltani, Simona Cătălina Ștefan, Behzad Karami Matin, Cyrus Alinia, Tudorel Andrei, Mehdi Bohluli, Nikita Otstavnov, Yanfang Su, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Simon I. Hay, Mansour Ghafourifard, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Pushpendra Singh, Salman Rawaf, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Robert Ancuceanu, Samer Hamidi, Maarten J. Postma, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Ted R. Miller, Stanislav S. Otstavnov, Gbenga A. Kayode, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, João Vasco Santos, Savita Lasrado, Jonathan F. Mosser, Chaw Yin Myint, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Masoud Moghadaszadeh, Tanvir M. Huda, Fakher Rahim, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi, Yingxi Zhao, Aziz Sheikh, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Andrew T Olagunju, Atif Amin Baig, Ali H. Mokdad, Anders Larsson, Atte Meretoja, Bach Xuan Tran, Lal B. Rawal, Brandon Cunningham, Vahid Alipour, Sowmya J. Rao, Anamika Pandey, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Salime Goharinezhad, Angela E Micah, Leticia Avila-Burgos, Hayley N Stutzman, Farshad Farzadfar, M. Mofizul Islam, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Saqib Ali, Srikanta Banerjee, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Anirudh Kotlo, Ravensara S. Travillian, Aziz Rezapour, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Sergio I. Prada, Biagio Simonetti, Maitreyi Sahu, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Hoa Thi Do, Farahnaz Joukar, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Modhurima Moitra, In-Hwan Oh, Ayman Grada, Kenji Shibuya, Sojib Bin Zaman, Steven D Bachmeier, Hilda L Harb, Edson Serván-Mori, Bahram Mohajer, Van C. Lansingh, Ali Almasi, German Martinez, Till Bärnighausen, Reza Malekzadeh, Adam E. Berman, Matthew T. Schneider, Michael K. Hole, Reza Rawassizadeh, Bing-Fang Hwang, Bianca S. Zlavog, Mohammad Rabiee, Moses K. Muriithi, Anton C Harle, Mokhtar Mahdavi, Yohannes Kinfu, Olatunde Aremu, Cristiana Abbafati, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Joseph L Dieleman, Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Soewarta Kosen, Zeleke Hailemariam Abebo, Muge Cevik, Hassan Abolhassani, Farnam Mohebi, Job F M van Boven, Nataliya Foigt, Neda Milevska Kostova, Abdallah M. Samy, Roman Topor-Madry, Golsum Tsakalos, Benjamin B. Massenburg, Spencer L. James, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Miloje Savic, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Sawyer W Crosby, Ayesha Humayun, Hamidreza Setayesh, G Anil Kumar, Juan Sanabria, Jalal Arabloo, Milena M Santric Milicevic, Ai Koyanagi, Shokofeh Maleki, Junjie Wu, Nathaniel J Henry, Efat Mohamadi, Francesco Saverio Violante, Samad Azari, Delia Hendrie, Ahad Bakhtiari, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Adnan Kisa, Masood Ali Shaikh, Shafiu Mohammed, Justice Nonvignon, Firooz Esmaeilzadeh, Eduardo A. Undurraga, Khurshid Alam, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Mohamed M. Gad, Mikk Jürisson, Usman Iqbal, Chuanhua Yu, Luis Camera, Mohammad Ali Jahani, Abigail Chapin, Pascual R. Valdez, Reinhard Busse, Tomislav Mestrovic, Paul S. F. Yip, Christopher J L Murray, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Salah Eddin Karimi, Mustafa Z. Younis, Michael R.M. Abrigo, Rahul R. Zende, Mina Anjomshoa, Shane D. Morrison, Marcel Ausloos, Bruno Piassi Sao Jose, Zohre Javaheri, Saravanan Muthupandian, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Endalkachew Worku Mengesha, Lalit Dandona, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Omar Mukhtar Salman, Rakhi Dandona, Mojtaba Bagherzadeh, Mostafa Dianatinasab, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Nancy Fullman, Claudiu Herteliu, Andreea Mirica, Jasvinder A. Singh, Amin Soheili, Lee Ling Lim, Charles D.A. Wolfe, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Bolajoko O. Olusanya, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Tommi Vasankari, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Mehdi Naderi, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Bernhard T. Baune, Navid Rabiee, Mark G. Shrime, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Lorenzo G. Mantovani, Desta Debalkie Atnafu, Vasily Vlassov, Kyle E. Simpson, Sorin Hostiuc, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Ian E Cogswell, Tesleem Kayode Babalola, Sanjay Basu, Hassan Haghparast Bidgoli, Leila Doshmangir, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Maha El Tantawi, Obinna Onwujekwe, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Ahmed Omar Bali, Joshua A. Salomon, Hamidreza Komaki, David Laith Rawaf, Zoubida Zaidi, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Reshmi Bhageerathy, Emilie R Maddison, Naohiro Yonemoto, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Asadollah Gholamian, Ferrán Catalá-López, Stefan Kohler, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Anwar Faraj, Rafael Lozano, Rufus Akinyemi, Florian Fischer, Jost B. Jonas, Dian Kusuma, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Rohollah Kalhor, Falk Schwendicke, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Micah, A. E., Su, Y., Bachmeier, S. D., Chapin, A., Cogswell, I. E., Crosby, S. W., Cunningham, B., Harle, A. C., Maddison, E. R., Moitra, M., Sahu, M., Schneider, M. T., Simpson, K. E., Stutzman, H. N., Tsakalos, G., Zende, R. R., Zlavog, B. S., Abbafati, C., Abebo, Z. H., Abolhassani, H., Abrigo, M. R. M., Ahmed, M. B., Akinyemi, R. O., Alam, K., Ali, S., Alinia, C., Alipour, V., Aljunid, S. M., Almasi, A., Alvis-Guzman, N., Ancuceanu, R., Andrei, T., Andrei, C. L., Anjomshoa, M., Antonio, C. A. T., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Aremu, O., Atnafu, D. D., Ausloos, M., Avila-Burgos, L., Ayanore, M. A., Azari, S., Babalola, T. K., Bagherzadeh, M., Baig, A. A., Bakhtiari, A., Banach, M., Banerjee, S. K., Barnighausen, T. W., Basu, S., Baune, B. T., Bayati, M., Berman, A. E., Bhageerathy, R., Bhardwaj, P., Bohluli, M., Busse, R., Cahuana-Hurtado, L., Camera, L. L. A., Castaneda-Orjuela, C. A., Catala-Lopez, F., Cevik, M., Chattu, V. K., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Dianatinasab, M., Do, H. T., Doshmangir, L., El Tantawi, M., Eskandarieh, S., Esmaeilzadeh, F., Faraj, A., Farzadfar, F., Fischer, F., Foigt, N. A., Fullman, N., Gad, M. M., Ghafourifard, M., Ghashghaee, A., Gholamian, A., Goharinezhad, S., Grada, A., Haghparast Bidgoli, H., Hamidi, S., Harb, H. L., Hasanpoor, E., Hay, S. I., Hendrie, D., Henry, N. J., Herteliu, C., Hole, M. K., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, S., Huda, T. M., Humayun, A., Hwang, B. -F., Ilesanmi, O. S., Iqbal, U., Irvani, S. S. N., Islam, S. M. S., Islam, M. M., Jahani, M. A., Jakovljevic, M., James, S. L., Javaheri, Z., Jonas, J. B., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J. J., Jurisson, M., Kalhor, R., Karami Matin, B., Karimi, S. E., Kayode, G. A., Kazemi Karyani, A., Kinfu, Y., Kisa, A., Kohler, S., Komaki, H., Kosen, S., Kotlo, A., Koyanagi, A., Kumar, G. A., Kusuma, D., Lansingh, V. C., Larsson, A. O., Lasrado, S., Lee, S. W. H., Lim, L. -L., Lozano, R., Magdy Abd El Razek, H., Mahdavi, M. M., Maleki, S., Malekzadeh, R., Mansour-Ghanaei, F., Mansournia, M. A., Mantovani, L. G., Martinez, G., Masoumi, S. Z., Massenburg, B. B., Menezes, R. G., Mengesha, E. W., Meretoja, T. J., Meretoja, A., Mestrovic, T., Milevska Kostova, N., Miller, T. R., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, E. M., Moghadaszadeh, M., Mohajer, B., Mohamadi, E., Mohammad Darwesh, A., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mohammed, S., Mohebi, F., Mokdad, A. H., Morrison, S. D., Mosser, J. F., Mousavi, S. M., Muriithi, M. K., Muthupandian, S., Myint, C. -Y., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A. J., Nguyen, C. T., Nguyen, H. L. T., Nonvignon, J., Noubiap, J. J., Oh, I. -H., Olagunju, A. T., Olusanya, J. O., Olusanya, B. O., Omar Bali, A., Onwujekwe, O. E., Otstavnov, S. S., Otstavnov, N., Owolabi, M. O., Padubidri, J. R., Palladino, R., Panda-Jonas, S., Pandey, A., Postma, M. J., Prada, S. I., Pribadi, D. R. A., Rabiee, M., Rabiee, N., Rahim, F., Ranabhat, C. L., Rao, S. J., Rathi, P., Rawaf, S., Rawaf, D. L., Rawal, L., Rawassizadeh, R., Rezapour, A., Sabour, S., Sahraian, M. A., Salman, O. M., Salomon, J. A., Samy, A. M., Sanabria, J., Santos, J. V., Santric Milicevic, M. M., Sao Jose, B. P., Savic, M., Schwendicke, F., Senthilkumaran, S., Sepanlou, S. G., Servan-Mori, E., Setayesh, H., Shaikh, M. A., Sheikh, A., Shibuya, K., Shrime, M. G., Simonetti, B., Singh, J. A., Singh, P., Skryabin, V. Y., Soheili, A., Soltani, S., Stefan, S. C., Tabares-Seisdedos, R., Topor-Madry, R., Tovani-Palone, M. R., Tran, B. X., Travillian, R., Undurraga, E. A., Valdez, P. R., van Boven, J. F. M., Vasankari, T. J., Violante, F. S., Vlassov, V., Vos, T., Wolfe, C. D. A., Wu, J., Yaya, S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Younis, M. Z., Yu, C., Zaidi, Z., Zaman, S. B., Zastrozhin, M. S., Zhang, Z. -J., Zhao, Y., Murray, C. J. L., Dieleman, J. L., Global Burden of Disease Health Financing Collaborator Network, Violante FS, Micah, A, Su, Y, Bachmeier, S, Chapin, A, Cogswell, I, Crosby, S, Cunningham, B, Harle, A, Maddison, E, Moitra, M, Sahu, M, Schneider, M, Simpson, K, Stutzman, H, Tsakalos, G, Zende, R, Zlavog, B, Abbafati, C, Abebo, Z, Abolhassani, H, Abrigo, M, Ahmed, M, Akinyemi, R, Alam, K, Ali, S, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Almasi, A, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, T, Andrei, C, Anjomshoa, M, Antonio, C, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aremu, O, Atnafu, D, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Ayanore, M, Azari, S, Babalola, T, Bagherzadeh, M, Baig, A, Bakhtiari, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, S, Barnighausen, T, Basu, S, Baune, B, Bayati, M, Berman, A, Bhageerathy, R, Bhardwaj, P, Bohluli, M, Busse, R, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Camera, L, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Catala-Lopez, F, Cevik, M, Chattu, V, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dianatinasab, M, Do, H, Doshmangir, L, El Tantawi, M, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Faraj, A, Farzadfar, F, Fischer, F, Foigt, N, Fullman, N, Gad, M, Ghafourifard, M, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Goharinezhad, S, Grada, A, Haghparast Bidgoli, H, Hamidi, S, Harb, H, Hasanpoor, E, Hay, S, Hendrie, D, Henry, N, Herteliu, C, Hole, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Huda, T, Humayun, A, Hwang, B, Ilesanmi, O, Iqbal, U, Irvani, S, Islam, S, Islam, M, Jahani, M, Jakovljevic, M, James, S, Javaheri, Z, Jonas, J, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Jurisson, M, Kalhor, R, Karami Matin, B, Karimi, S, Kayode, G, Kazemi Karyani, A, Kinfu, Y, Kisa, A, Kohler, S, Komaki, H, Kosen, S, Kotlo, A, Koyanagi, A, Kumar, G, Kusuma, D, Lansingh, V, Larsson, A, Lasrado, S, Lee, S, Lim, L, Lozano, R, Magdy Abd El Razek, H, Mahdavi, M, Maleki, S, Malekzadeh, R, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Martinez, G, Masoumi, S, Massenburg, B, Menezes, R, Mengesha, E, Meretoja, T, Meretoja, A, Mestrovic, T, Milevska Kostova, N, Miller, T, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohajer, B, Mohamadi, E, Mohammad Darwesh, A, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, A, Morrison, S, Mosser, J, Mousavi, S, Muriithi, M, Muthupandian, S, Myint, C, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, H, Nonvignon, J, Noubiap, J, Oh, I, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, J, Olusanya, B, Omar Bali, A, Onwujekwe, O, Otstavnov, S, Otstavnov, N, Owolabi, M, Padubidri, J, Palladino, R, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Postma, M, Prada, S, Pribadi, D, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Rahim, F, Ranabhat, C, Rao, S, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, D, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Rezapour, A, Sabour, S, Sahraian, M, Salman, O, Salomon, J, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santos, J, Santric Milicevic, M, Sao Jose, B, Savic, M, Schwendicke, F, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, S, Servan-Mori, E, Setayesh, H, Shaikh, M, Sheikh, A, Shibuya, K, Shrime, M, Simonetti, B, Singh, J, Singh, P, Skryabin, V, Soheili, A, Soltani, S, Stefan, S, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Topor-Madry, R, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, B, Travillian, R, Undurraga, E, Valdez, P, van Boven, J, Vasankari, T, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vos, T, Wolfe, C, Wu, J, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, Zaman, S, Zastrozhin, M, Zhang, Z, Zhao, Y, Murray, C, Dieleman, J, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, HUS Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital Area, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, University of St Andrews. Infection and Global Health Division, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), and Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET)

Subjects
Economic growth, Financing, Government, Psychological intervention, HIV Infections, burden of disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, DISEASE, ALLOCATION, 0302 clinical medicine, RA0421, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Sustainable development, Global health, health economics, Healthcare Financing, HIV Infection, 030212 general & internal medicine, 10. No inequality, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, DALY, Healthy lives, 1. No poverty, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, 3rd-DAS, General Medicine, Sustainable Development, 3. Good health, tuberculosis, IMPOVERISHMENT, TERRITORIES, Financing, Human, Financing, Personal, Resource (biology), Tuberculosi, 195 COUNTRIES, Developing Countrie, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), General & Internal Medicine, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, medicine, Humans, Burden, HIV/AIDS, tubercolosis, malaria, Human resources, Developing Countries, Government, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Health economics, business.industry, DISABILITY, CATASTROPHE, Global Burden of Disease Health Financing Collaborator Network, GLOBAL BURDEN, medicine.disease, Malaria, SDG, health sector spending, development assistant for health, Health Expenditure, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, NA, Health Expenditures, business, EXPENDITURE
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 aims to "ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages". While a substantial effort has been made to quantify progress towards SDG3, less research has focused on tracking spending towards this goal. We used spending estimates to measure progress in financing the priority areas of SDG3, examine the association between outcomes and financing, and identify where resource gains are most needed to achieve the SDG3 indicators for which data are available. METHODS: We estimated domestic health spending, disaggregated by source (government, out-of-pocket, and prepaid private) from 1995 to 2017 for 195 countries and territories. For disease-specific health spending, we estimated spending for HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis for 135 low-income and middle-income countries, and malaria in 106 malaria-endemic countries, from 2000 to 2017. We also estimated development assistance for health (DAH) from 1990 to 2019, by source, disbursing development agency, recipient, and health focus area, including DAH for pandemic preparedness. Finally, we estimated future health spending for 195 countries and territories from 2018 until 2030. We report all spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2019 US$, unless otherwise stated. FINDINGS: Since the development and implementation of the SDGs in 2015, global health spending has increased, reaching $7·9 trillion (95% uncertainty interval 7·8-8·0) in 2017 and is expected to increase to $11·0 trillion (10·7-11·2) by 2030. In 2017, in low-income and middle-income countries spending on HIV/AIDS was $20·2 billion (17·0-25·0) and on tuberculosis it was $10·9 billion (10·3-11·8), and in malaria-endemic countries spending on malaria was $5·1 billion (4·9-5·4). Development assistance for health was $40·6 billion in 2019 and HIV/AIDS has been the health focus area to receive the highest contribution since 2004. In 2019, $374 million of DAH was provided for pandemic preparedness, less than 1% of DAH. Although spending has increased across HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria since 2015, spending has not increased in all countries, and outcomes in terms of prevalence, incidence, and per-capita spending have been mixed. The proportion of health spending from pooled sources is expected to increase from 81·6% (81·6-81·7) in 2015 to 83·1% (82·8-83·3) in 2030. INTERPRETATION: Health spending on SDG3 priority areas has increased, but not in all countries, and progress towards meeting the SDG3 targets has been mixed and has varied by country and by target. The evidence on the scale-up of spending and improvements in health outcomes suggest a nuanced relationship, such that increases in spending do not always results in improvements in outcomes. Although countries will probably need more resources to achieve SDG3, other constraints in the broader health system such as inefficient allocation of resources across interventions and populations, weak governance systems, human resource shortages, and drug shortages, will also need to be addressed. For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30608-5

Published
2020

6. Evaluation of Macular Neurovasculature and Choroidal Blood Flow Following Inferior Oblique Myectomy Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Author

Hashemi Javaheri Z, Sabermoghaddam AA, Abrishami M, Kiarudi MY, and Motamed Shariati M

Subjects
Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Young Adult, Child, Adolescent, Middle Aged, Strabismus surgery, Strabismus physiopathology, Visual Acuity physiology, Follow-Up Studies, Blood Flow Velocity physiology, Retinal Vessels diagnostic imaging, Child, Preschool, Tomography, Optical Coherence methods, Choroid blood supply, Oculomotor Muscles surgery, Oculomotor Muscles physiopathology, Oculomotor Muscles diagnostic imaging, Fluorescein Angiography methods, Macula Lutea blood supply, Macula Lutea diagnostic imaging, Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures methods, Regional Blood Flow physiology, Fundus Oculi
Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the short-term effects of inferior oblique myectomy on the retinal neurovasculature, choroidal thickness, and choroidal vascularity index at the macula., Methods: Patients older than 5 years who were candidates for inferior oblique muscle myectomy surgery participated in the study. Patients with any systemic or ocular disease that could affect the macular neurovasculature were not included in the study. After recording demographic data, including age and gender, and conducting a complete ophthalmic examination, macular optical coherence tomography (OCT), enhanced depth imaging OCT, and OCT angiography imaging (AngioVue software (V.2017.1.0.151; Optovue, Inc) were performed before (1 day to 1 week) and in the specific time intervals (1 week, 1 month, and 3 months) after the surgery for all participants., Results: Eighteen patients (13 male and 5 female) who underwent inferior oblique muscle myectomy, with a mean ± standard deviation age of 24.22 ± 18.14 years, were included in this study. The baseline mean ± standard deviation of subfoveal choroidal luminal area and subfoveal total choroidal area were 0.390 ± 0.03 and 0.539 ± 0.04 mm 2 , respectively. The changing pattern of the subfoveal choroidal vascularity index and subfoveal choroidal luminal area was statistically significant ( P = .013 and .035, respectively)., Conclusions: Inferior oblique myectomy can lead to changes in choroid hemodynamics in the short term. However, these changes seem to be temporary. [ J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus . 2024;61(4):235-244.] .

Published
2024
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7. Traumatic subconjunctival lens dislocation.

Author

Motamed Shariati M, Hosseini SM, and Hashemi Javaheri Z

Abstract

Traumatic crystallin lens dislocation is a common complication following open globe injuries. Wound repair, lensectomy, and prophylactic antibiotic administration are essentials in the management., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2023 The Authors. Clinical Case Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2023
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8. Maim, death cases following the installation of vascular access devices filed with specialized forensic medicine commissions of Tehran, Iran, 2013-2018, (A descriptive study).

Author

Najari F, Khoshnevis J, Javaheri Z, Najari D, and Mirzaei S

Abstract

Background: Implantation of vascular access devices is of great importance in critically ill patients or those vulnerable to clinical worsening. The aim of this study was to identify the complications of implantation of vascular access leading to complaints from patients, in the forensic medicine commissions of Tehran., Methods: The present descriptive-cross sectional study was performed on all cases that died from implantation of vascular access devices and complaints about permanent local complications caused by this procedure, filed with the forensic medicine commissions of Tehran in period of 2013-2018, based on selected variables, and the results were statistically analyzed using the chi-square and Fisher exact tests in SPSS Version 18. A p-value of <0.01 was considered statistically significant., Results: All alleged deaths were due to implantation of central venous port placed in a large vein in the neck, and most organ failure cases were attributed to anterior forearm deformity. The most common cause of death was acute cardiac death; internal bleeding was observed in 14% of them. Most complaints of death were filed against general surgery and anesthesia assistants, and most complaints about peripheral venipuncture were against trainee nurses. The present study findings were significantly different in terms of cannulation site, age, cause of death, type of local complication (p<0.01)., Conclusion: This study shows, as patients become more aware, complaints from physicians about implantation of vascular access, in the judicial authority are also on the rise. Therefore, in choosing these patients, Venice should be treated more carefully., Competing Interests: The authors declared no potential conflict of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.

Published
2022
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9. Quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer in Iran.

Author

Akhondi-Meybodi M, Akhondi-Meybodi S, Vakili M, and Javaheri Z

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, Colectomy, Colonic Neoplasms pathology, Female, Humans, Iran, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Rectal Neoplasms pathology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, Colonic Neoplasms therapy, Quality of Life, Rectal Neoplasms therapy
Abstract

Background and Study Aims: Colorectal cancer is a major health problem primarily affecting the quality of life (QoL) of both patient and family. With the advances in surgery and novel chemotherapeutic drugs and modalities, survival has increased and the QoL has improved. The aim of this study was to assess QoL in patients with colorectal cancer taking the situation in the Iranian city Yazd from 2006 to 2011 as an example., Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 120 patients who were diagnosed with colorectal cancer within the 5-year period of the study. Different aspects of the patients' lives were assessed using the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ)-C30 questionnaire, and the results were reported in average aligned score compared with the maximum score of 100., Result: The mean age of the patients was 60.31±15.71years (range 14-88years). Sixty-three patients were male and 57 female. Further, 85 patients (70.8%) suffered from colon cancer and 34 (28.3%) had rectal cancer. All patients had undergone partial or total colectomies as treatment followed by chemotherapy. The average QoL score was 77.37±8.7 in women and 76.64±8.7 in men. No significant relationship was found between the average QoL score and gender. The average QoL score was 77.28±8.86 for colon cancer and 76.5±8.47 for rectal cancer, which was not statistically significant. The maximum average QoL score was 77.89±8.79 for stage 2 of the disease and the minimum score for stage 3 (75.81±7.66), indicating no significant relationship between the average QoL score and stage of cancer (p=0.89)., Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that despite clinical efforts in the city of Yazd, the QoL of patients with colorectal cancer is still very poor in physical, social, clinical, and financial aspects., (Copyright © 2016 Pan-Arab Association of Gastroenterology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2016
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10. Comparison of criteria to truncate gastric emptying tests.

Author

Nichols KJ, Tronco GG, Tomas MB, Javaheri Z, and Palestro CJ

Subjects
Female, Gastroparesis diagnostic imaging, Gastroparesis physiopathology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Radionuclide Imaging standards, Reference Standards, Retrospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Time Factors, Gastric Emptying, Radionuclide Imaging methods
Abstract

Purpose: Standardized scintigraphic gastric emptying (GE) protocols to detect gastroparesis (GP) require collecting data for 4 h. This investigation was undertaken to compare seven methods to reduce the duration of the test., Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of GE data collected using a standardized protocol at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h for 602 patients being evaluated for GP. The reference standard was GP defined conventionally as percentage of gastric retention (GR) at 4 h (p4) of greater than 10%. For data up to 2 h the results were derived as follows: (a) confirming as being positive for GP if GR at 2 h was greater than 65%, negative for GP if GR at 2 h was less than 45%, and indeterminate otherwise; (b) by linear extrapolation; and (c) by monoexponential extrapolation. For data beyond 2 h, further evaluations were made and results were derived as follows: (a) confirming as being positive for GP if GR at 2.5 h was greater than 40%; (b) ascertainment of GR at 3 h; (c) by biphasic fit; and (d) by observation of maximum GR for normal patients at time points earlier than 4 h., Results: Thirty percent of all patients had GP. Eighty percent were determinate by Method 1; for these patients sensitivity to detect GP was similar (P=0.11) for Methods 1-3 (69-79%). For data beyond 2 h, sensitivity of the seven methods ranged from 64 to 92%, and the sensitivity of every method was significantly lower than that of the reference standard (P<0.001)., Conclusion: Considering that sensitivity to detect GP was significantly reduced for data collection limited to 3 h or less, it is not advisable to truncate GE studies earlier than 4 h.

Published
2013
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11. Oral fluid intake in children following tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.

Author

Carabott JA, Javaheri Z, Keilty K, and Manger G

Subjects
Child, Preschool, Clinical Nursing Research, Female, Humans, Male, Adenoidectomy nursing, Fluid Therapy standards, Pediatric Nursing standards, Tonsillectomy nursing
Abstract

In response to concerns raised by nursing staff about forcing children to drink following tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T & A), a study was conducted to test for adequacy of hydration. Seventy-four children admitted to The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, for T & A surgery were randomly assigned to two groups: the first forced to drink after surgery according to the hospital's nursing care plan, the second given control over fluid intake. A significant difference in fluid adequacy was found between the groups 6 hours after return from the recovery room but none at 8 hours. As a result, fluid management of children after T & A surgery has been changed so that they are encouraged rather than forced to drink.

Published
1992

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