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The genus Neosimnia P. Fisher, 1884, is reported for the first time from Indonesia in the form of several fossil species, recovered together from the Miocene deposits of Tasikmalaya, West Java. The species described closely resemble their current Atlantic counterparts, of which they exhibit all the modern characteristics. Nevertheless, they are undoubtedly new to science, as no living or fossil specimens of this genus are known from the Indian Ocean or the Western Pacific Region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to support the learning of novice students in Java programming, the web-based Java Programming Learning Assistant System (JPLAS) has been developed. JPLAS offers several types of exercise problems to foster code reading and writing skills at different levels. In JPLAS, the code writing problem (CWP) asks a student to write a source code that will pass the test code given in the assignment where the correctness is verified by running them on JUnit. In this paper, to reduce the teacher's workload during the marking process, we present the answer code validation program that verifies all the source codes from a large number of students for each assignment and reports the number of passing tests for each source code in the CSV file. Besides, to test a source code with various input data, we implement the test data generation algorithm that identifies the data type, generates new data, and replaces it for each test data in the test code. Furthermore, to verify the correctness of the implemented procedures in the source code, we introduce the intermediate state testing in the test code. For evaluations, we applied the proposal to source codes and test codes in a Java programming course in Okayama university, Japan, and confirmed the validity and effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cheminformatics is the research field that deals with information about chemical systems. This includes the chemical structure which is used in computational chemistry where quantum chemistry is too complex. The Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) was one of the first Open Science libraries in chemistry, co-founded in The Netherlands. The source code goes as far back as 1997 and has been maintained for more than 25 years. The CDK is used by many tools in drug discovery, computational toxicology, and bioinformatics. This project will develop improvements to the core library and update tools using the CDK to use the latest release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of databases is to allow for the persistence of data, no matter if they are of the SQL or NoSQL type. In SQL databases, data are structured in a set of tables in the relational database model, grouped in rows and columns. CRUD operations (create, read, update, and delete) are used to manage the information contained in relational databases. Several dialects of the SQL language exist, as well as frameworks for mapping Java classes (models) to a relational database. The question is what we should choose for our Java application, and why? A comparison of the most frequently used relational database management systems, mixed with the most frequently used frameworks should give us some guidance about when to use what. The evaluation is conducted based on the time taken for each CRUD operation to run, from thousands to hundreds of thousands of entries, using the possible combinations in the relational database system and the framework. Aiming to assess and improve the performance, the experiments included the possibility of warming-up the Java Virtual Machine before the execution of queries. Also, the research investigated the time spent using different methods of code to determine the critical regions (bottlenecks). Thus, the conclusions provide a comprehensive overview of the performances of Java applications accessing databases depending on the suite decisions considering the database type, the framework in use, and the type of operation, with clear comparisons between the alternatives, the key findings of the advantages and drawbacks of each of them, and supporting architects and developers in their technological decisions and improving the speed of their programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are of significance in tuning and buffering gene expression. Despite abundant analysis tools that have been developed in the last two decades, plant miRNA identification from next-generation sequencing (NGS) data remains challenging. Here, we show that we can train a convolutional neural network to accurately identify plant miRNAs from NGS data. Based on our methods, we also present a user-friendly pure Java-based software package called Small RNA-related Intelligent and Convenient Analysis Tools (SRICATs). SRICATs encompasses all the necessary steps for plant miRNA analysis. Our results indicate that SRICATs outperforms currently popular software tools on the test data from five plant species. For non-commercial users, SRICATs is freely available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/sricats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plukenetia volubilis L. has been documented as a new record for the first time in Java, Indonesia. The species is easily distinguished from the native species, P. corniculata Sm., by its exstipellate basilaminar-glands, long cylindrical column, and wingless fruit-lobes. Plukenetia volubilis is cultivated mainly in South America for its beneficial values as food and medicine and was recently introduced to Asia. However, its occurrence in Java has not been reported. We collected specimens from West Java (Depok City, Bandung Barat and Sumedang Regency) and East Java (Malang Regency). Morphological description, identification key, and photographs of the species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is situated within the discussion of mega-urbanization, a particular urbanization process that entails a large-scale agglomeration. In this paper, our focus is on urbanization in Java, Indonesia's most dynamic region. We add to the literature by investigating the change and prediction of the land use/land cover (LULC) of mega-urbanization in Java. This research uses a vector machine approach to support the classification of land cover change dynamics, cellular automata-Markov (CA Markov), and the Klassen typology technique. This paper indicates that major metropolitan areas are still expanding in terms of built-up areas, generating a larger urban agglomeration. However, attention should be also given to the urbanization process outside existing metropolis' boundaries given that more than half of the built-up land coverage in Java is located in non-metropolitan areas. In terms of future direction, the projection results for 2032 show that the Conservative scenario can reduce and slow down the increase in built-up land on the island of Java. On the other hand, the Spatial Plan (RTRW) scenario facilitates a rapid increase in the LULC of built-up land from 2019. The urban spatial dynamics in Java raises challenges for urban and regional planning as the process is taking place across multiple administrative authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the recent evolution of street-level, small-scale Muslim economies in Java, Indonesia, and the role they have been playing as cultural and material infrastructure for Islamic morality discourses in the wake of the pivotal Aksi Bela Islam 212 (Defend Islam Action 212) rally in Jakarta on 2 December 2016. These small-scale economies are instances of the devolution of halal consumerism in Indonesia, which flows in turn from changes in the landscape of political Islam. These street-level economies provide political Islam with the solidarity of a Muslim cooperative structure, commodifying symbols associated with the rally. Three case studies are presented in support of these arguments. The first is the 212 Cooperative, a chain of minimarts known as '212 Marts' designed as a Muslim alternative to the ubiquitous market forerunners such as Indomaret and Alfamart. Second, we describe an ecosystem of exchange that has evolved around new mosque-based programmes that have invigorated human traffic in and around mosques in Bandung and Yogyakarta. Our third case study is the small-scale lapak traders who follow particular celebrity preachers as they tour, and who operate after Friday prayers. These cases reveal the growing importance of low-end economies (involving low-priced commodities, consumers with relatively low buying capacity, and small-scale traders) in the development of halal consumerism in Indonesia and point to their role in perpetuating morality discourses associated with the 212 rally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we conduct a measurement study to comprehensively compare the accuracy impacts of multiple embedding options in cryptographic API completion tasks. Embedding is the process of automatically learning vector representations of program elements. Our measurement focuses on design choices of three important aspects, program analysis preprocessing, token-level embedding, and sequence-level embedding. Our findings show that program analysis is necessary even under advanced embedding. The results show 36.20% accuracy improvement, on average, when program analysis preprocessing is applied to transfer bytecode sequences into API dependence paths. With program analysis and the token-level embedding training, the embedding dep2vec improves the task accuracy from 55.80% to 92.04%. Moreover, only a slight accuracy advantage (0.55%, on average) is observed by training the expensive sequence-level embedding compared with the token-level embedding. Our experiments also suggest the differences made by the data. In the cross-app learning setup and a data scarcity scenario, sequence-level embedding is more necessary and results in a more obvious accuracy improvement (5.10%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers and tool developers working on dynamic analysis, software testing, automated program repair, verification, and validation, need large compiled, compilable, and executable code corpora to test their ideas. The publicly available corpora are relatively small, and/or non-compilable, and/or non-executable. Developing a compiled code corpus is a laborious activity demanding significant manual effort and human intervention. To facilitate large-scale program analysis research, we develop SourcererJBF, a Java Build Framework that can automatically build a large Java code corpus without project-specific instructions and human intervention. To generate a compiled code corpus, SourcererJBF creates an offline knowledge base by collecting external dependencies from the project directories and existing build scripts (if available). It constructs indices of those collected external dependencies that enable a fast search for resolving dependencies during the project compilation. As the output of the large-scale compilation, it produces JAigantic, a compilable Java corpus containing compiled projects, their bytecode, dependencies, normalized build script, and build command. We evaluated SourcererJBF's effectiveness, correctness, performance, and scalability in a large collection of Java projects. Our experimental results demonstrate that SourcererJBF is significantly effective and scalable in building large Java code corpus. Besides, it substantiates reasonable performance and correctness similar to projects' existing build systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1899 Dé-Lilah, pseudonym of Lucy van Renesse-Johnston (1862-1906), published a travel story in two parts, Mevrouw Klausine Klobben op Java (Mrs Klausine Klobben on Java). It was an account of an early tourist trip she had made in 1896. According to Van Renesse, she undertook her journey to do environmental research on Java as well as ethnographic research on the native and European inhabitants of the island. But that was just a pretext for a woman who travelled alone to climb volcanoes, visit shrines and talk to the various inhabitants of Java. She was able to do so because as a Eurasian woman, in addition to Dutch, she spoke fluent Malay. But contrary to her claims, it was never her intention to write a scientific travelogue. From the very beginning, she wanted to write a humorous travel story along the lines of the popular German author Julius Stinde (1841-1905). By taking his work as an example, she wrote a satirical story about travel on Java, at a time when tourism had hardly begun in the Netherlands East Indies.

Cheminformatics is the research field that deals with information about chemical systems. This includes the chemical structure which is used in computational chemistry where quantum chemistry is too complex. The Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) was one of the first Open Science libraries in chemistry, co-founded in The Netherlands. The source code goes as far back as 1997 and has been maintained for more than 25 years. The CDK is used by many tools in drug discovery, computational toxicology, and bioinformatics. This project will develop improvements to the core library and update tools using the CDK to use the latest release.

An executable Java software, netGen, for visualizing networks was developed in present study. An interactive network can be visualized from the specified text or csv data file by using netGen. netGen is useful to visualize both undirected and directed networks. Both netGen and demonstration data files are given.

Android is a popular choice for mobile operating systems. It was essentially designed for mobile touch-screen devices, such tablets and smartphones. Many programming languages are being used to design application for android operating systems. Android programming can be made incisive, cross-platform, and amusing with the help of Kotlin. Since the beginning, Java has been the main programming language for Android development and is still in high stipulation. Programming on a wider scale is made easier for android applications on Scala. It is a general-purpose, practical programming language. For creating rapid apps on any platform, Dart is a client-optimized programming language used for android application development. Here in this paper, we are going to scrutinize these languages based on several factors like implementation and effectiveness, cross-platform compatibility and android runtime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rosewoods are among the most valuable traded hardwoods, and there is a significant illegal trade. From 2017 onwards the international trade in all species of Dalbergia rosewood is regulated through the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. I focus on two species of rosewood that occur in parts of Indonesia, Dalbergia latifolia and D. sissoo, to assess the extent of the illegal trade and to analyse geographical and temporal patterns of wildlife crime. Based on 67 seizure reports from 2014 to 2022 I show that (a) 117 logs of D. sissoo and 4,285 logs of D. latifolia were confiscated, (b) seizures occurred on the islands of Sumatra (16 seizures; 1,190 logs), Java (43; 1,780 logs), and Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa and Timor (8; 1,408 logs), (c) while there was an increase in the number of seizures per year, there were no seasonal differences in seizure activities. For 10% of the logs there was supporting evidence that they were taken from State managed forests and 18% was taken from conservation areas, thus causing more damage than just the removal of individual trees. Seizures in Indonesia over this period equals 0.12 ± 0.04% of the legal rosewood export. The illegal trade is dominated by Indonesians rather than foreign nationals and the direction of trade is towards Java from where > 95% will be exported to China. While policies are in place concerning rosewood seizures and stockpiling (including auctioning or destruction) in practise it is unclear where seized rosewood ends up. When used with caution, analysis of seizure data offers a valuable means to gain insights in illicit activities that normally remain hidden from view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various static code analysis tools have been designed to automatically detect software faults and security vulnerabilities. This paper aims to 1) conduct an empirical evaluation to assess the performance of five free and state-of-the-art static analysis tools in detecting Java security vulnerabilities using a well-defined and repeatable approach; 2) report on the vulnerabilities that are best and worst detected by static Java analyzers. We used the Juliet benchmark test suite in a controlled experiment to assess the effectiveness of five widely used Java static analysis tools. The vulnerabilities were successfully detected by one, two, or three tools. Only one vulnerability has been detected by four tools. The tools missed 13% of the Java vulnerability categories appearing in our experiment. More critically, none of the five tools could identify all the vulnerabilities in our experiment. We conclude that, despite recent improvements in their methodologies, current state-of-the-art static analysis tools are still ineffective for identifying the security vulnerabilities occurring in a small-scale, artificial test suite.

A web service is a set of code of a server application that performs a specific task or service whenever it is invoked through a Remote Procedure Call (RPC) by a client application that is connected to the server over the Internet. Web services are one of the digital strategies that can be used by the government for curtailing academic certificate scandals being perpetrated by fraudulent individuals in various sectors of the economy. The traditional method of checking academic records and certificates manually is inefficient and prone to forgery by unscrupulous elements. Similarly, the e-transcript system being adopted by some organizations to authenticate the academic qualifications of individuals for possible admission or employment still involves a manual process. The objective of this work therefore is to show how web services for certificate verification of all tiers of the educational system in Nigeria can be maintained by one central body which is the Federal Ministry of Education in Nigeria to enable various end-users (such as educational institutions, commercial organizations, etc) use the web services to authenticate and process the academic records of individuals effortlessly. A simulated data of 20 SSCE results of students who completed their secondary school education at various institutions was used to illustrate the application of a web service. The web service program was written in Java. A client application which was also written in Java was used to query the web service through RPC to authenticate and process the certificate claims of a sample of five students for admission into a tertiary institution. Results showed that the web service excellently ascertained the eligible candidates for admission and those that were not. The web service technology is therefore highly recommended for use by the federal ministry of education in Nigeria to eradicate the academic certificate scandals amongst the citizenry.

This research examines the transition from Scratch to Java programming, highlighting high achievement among participants. The study includes 70 students and utilizes mixed methods, combining quantitative analysis and qualitative narratives. Findings demonstrate the effectiveness of Scratch Visual Teaching Aids (VTA) in developing educational games, understanding algorithm concepts, and improving programming projects. Students' attitudes towards Scratch VTA show increased interest, concentration, and enjoyment in learning. Quantitative analysis indicates positive tool capabilities (mean scores ranging from 3.25 to 3.46). Qualitative narratives reveal varying perceptions of the transition, with prior programming knowledge influencing the shift. Challenges include adapting to the learning session and mastering Java's syntax and concepts. This study enhances programming education practices, providing recommendations for educators during the Scratch-to-Java transition.

Basic needs are an aspect that cannot be separated from human life, and one of the important aspects of these basic needs is clothing which not only functions to protect the body but also plays a role in the world of fashion. To meet these fashion needs, tailoring services have a key role in providing clothes that suit consumer desires. While this need is important, customers often rely on conventional methods, such as word-of-mouth recommendations or seeking out a familiar tailor. Some tailors may have a sign in front of their house, but it is often difficult for potential customers to find and connect with them. Therefore, this research aims to implement a tailor service ordering application that is integrated with geolocation features and can make things easier for tailors and consumers. This application development uses the Java programming language and Android Studio as the framework and Firebase as the database. The result of this research is an application that allows customers to order tailor services via smartphone anywhere and anytime.

The church is a gathering place for Christians to carry out worship. The Sumbawa Redeemer Catholic Church is a church that originates from Sumbawa Besar Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province. This Catholic Church is the only church in Sumbawa Regency. The purpose of this research is to make the Application of the Catholic Church of the Redeemer of Sumbawa. using the waterfall design method and the ADDIE model. The data collection method was carried out using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) method, use cases and activity diagrams ere used as analysis and design tools. The programming languages used include Kotlin and Java, the software used includes the IDE Android Studio 4.0, MS. This research yielded results, namely a program that can be used to make it easier for people to find information about the Sumbawa Redeemer Catholic Church

An integrative Java software, visual3D 1.0, for 3D visualization of objects and chemical molecules was developed in present study. The software uses a XYZ or OBJ file to generate the 3D graphics represented by the file. Various parameters can be specified by users. In the generated 3D graphics window, users may rightor left-click mouse to zoom in or zoom out the 3D graphics, or mouse-drag the graphics to rotate the 3D graphics, or slide scrollbar to vertically or horizontally translate the 3D graphics. The 3D graphics can be saved as an image file (in PNG, JPG, or other formats) at its current appearance. Both visual3D 1.0 and demonstration data files were given.

A new species of Bistolida Cossmann, 1920 is described fromthe Miocene of theCibalong area, Tasikmalaya Regency of western Java, Indonesia. Morphological analyses of theshell dimensions, outline, extremities, aperture shape, and apertural teeth shows a combinationofcharacters that are typical of the genus Bistolida. Although the genus has not previouslybeenreported from Java, its presence in the Miocene fossil record is supported by the six specimens that are shown here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contemporary landscape of education is witnessing a paradigm shift toward innovative instructional methods, with the flipped learning approach gaining considerable attention. The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of the flipped learning approach on students' perception and acceptance throughout an entire semester in the 'Introduction to Programming with Java' course. The research utilized a research design with a quantitative approach, ultimately aiming to inform educational practice and advance our knowledge of innovative teaching methods in higher education. This study was conducted at a university with 174 students involved, divided into two groups: 87 students in the experimental group and 87 students in the control group. The data collected through the scales were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis techniques in statistical software. At the end of the measurements, the technology acceptance level and self-directed learning perceptions of engineering students who received education with flipped learning were high. The results suggest that educators should consider students' readiness for self-directed learning when implementing the flipped learning approach and focus on creating an environment that supports their autonomy and engagement. This research offers valuable guidance for instructors, curriculum designers, and educational policymakers seeking to enhance the effectiveness of flipped learning in higher education courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Encapsulation is a critical factor in object-oriented programming languages and design patterns. Nevertheless, programs written in languages like Java may encounter broken encapsulation due to the lack of sufficient supply for ownership and immutability. As a result, this paper introduces SlimeJava, an ownership system extension based on abstract syntax trees and annotation utilization of Java that aims to help programmers prevent representation exposure. We show the features of the proposal with a motivating example using the Memento pattern. We then discuss how the utilization of annotations realizes ownership and why it is effective in avoiding representation exposure issues by comparing it with existing approaches. In the end, a quantitative performance evaluation was conducted to prove that SlimeJava does not cause a substantial overhead in execution time compared to native Java. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is the country with the largest archipelago in the world, with a total of seventeen thousand islands. The term 'maritime nation' has actually been surging through stories of local wisdom (culture), but during the colonial period, the term lost its original significance and Indonesia came to be treated as if it were an agrarian country. This paper shows that Indonesian maritime society contains various inherited values of religiosity, including myths, legends, folklore, and oral traditions about marine cosmology. Folklore, myths, and legends have an important position in society, not only referring to cultural traditions but also containing religious or theological values that are closely related to the identity of the Indonesian nation. This paper studies the mythical figure of Nyi Roro Kidul who is considered the sea guardian. The legend surrounding the figure of Nyi Roro Kidul can serve as an important trope to develop a contextual Javanese eco-pneumatology [Holy Spirit] and help address some of the contemporary ecological issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the representation of space and belonging in Javanese literature, I will use Suparto Brata's novel Donyane wong culika (The World of the Untrustworthy, 2004) as a case study. Firstly, I will focus on how literary, linguistic and epistemological features shape and give meaning to Javanese spatiality and on how the references to Javanese customs, literary and cultural traditions, and the Javanese mind in the twentieth century may address and evoke feelings of belonging. Secondly, as the novel features historical events as a kind of backdrop, I will pay attention to what Le Juez and Richardson (2019) call the perceptions of associated loci and on how these loci articulate individual and collective memories of the 1965–66 events, a traumatic period in postcolonial Indonesian history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

K-Means is a "de facto" standard clustering algorithm due to its simplicity and efficiency. K-Means, though, strongly depends on the initialization of the centroids (seeding method) and often gets stuck in a local sub-optimal solution. K-Means, in fact, mainly acts as a local refiner of the centroids, and it is unable to move centroids all over the data space. Random Swap was defined to go beyond K-Means, and its modus operandi integrates K-Means in a global strategy of centroids management, which can often generate a clustering solution close to the global optimum. This paper proposes an approach which extends both K-Means and Random Swap and improves the clustering accuracy through an evolutionary technique and careful seeding. Two new algorithms are proposed: the Population-Based K-Means (PB-KM) and the Population-Based Random Swap (PB-RS). Both algorithms consist of two steps: first, a population of J candidate solutions is built, and then the candidate centroids are repeatedly recombined toward a final accurate solution. The paper motivates the design of PB-KM and PB-RS, outlines their current implementation in Java based on parallel streams, and demonstrates the achievable clustering accuracy using both synthetic and real-world datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the years, various software quality measurement models have been proposed and used in academia and the software industry to assess the quality of produced code and to obtain guidelines for its improvement. In this article, we describe the design and functionality of SQMetrics, a tool for calculating object-oriented quality metrics for projects written in Java. SQMetrics provides the convenience of measuring small code, mainly covering academic or research needs. In this context, the application can be used by students of software engineering courses to make measurements and comparisons in their projects and gradually increase their quality by improving the calculated metrics. Teachers, on the other hand, can use SQMetrics to evaluate students' Java projects and grade them in proportion to their quality. The contribution of the proposed tool is three-fold, as it has been: (a) tested for its completeness and functionality by comparing it with widely known similar tools, (b) evaluated for its usability and value as a learning aid by students, and (c) statistically tested for its value as a teachers' aid assisting in the evaluation of student projects. Our findings verify SQMetrics' effectiveness in helping software engineering students learn critical concepts and improve the quality of their code, as well as in helping teachers assess the quality of students' Java projects and make more informed grading decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Static analysis is a software testing technique that analyzes the code without executing it. It is widely used to detect vulnerabilities, errors, and other issues during software development. Many tools are available for static analysis of Java code, including SpotBugs. Methods that perform a security check must be declared private or final; otherwise, they can be compromised when a malicious subclass overrides the methods and omits the checks. In Java, security checks can be performed using the SecurityManager class. This paper addresses the aforementioned problem by building a new automated checker that raises an issue when this rule is violated. The checker is built under the SpotBugs static analysis tool. We evaluated our approach on both custom test cases and real-world software, and the results revealed that the checker successfully detected related bugs in both with optimal metrics values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study presented in this literature review aims to ascertain community perspectives on the rejection of mining in the Javanese karst regions, guided by the question, "Is the population in Javanese karst regions more ecocentric?" The methodology employed is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which includes 29 literature reviews following the preferred reporting items for SPAR-4-SLR. Sources for the literature review were retrieved from several databases, including Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and GARUDA. An analysis of the perspectives adopted by Javanese karst communities, as discussed in each article, reveals a majority adherence to ecocentrism (13 manuscripts), followed by anthropocentrism (9 manuscripts). This dichotomy highlights the sources of conflict, such as in the Pangandaran karst in West Java, or manifest conflicts, as in the Pati and Rembang karsts in Central Java. For anthropocentric communities, the supporting factors include the backing of village officials, economic necessities, traditional livelihoods, and the presence of pre-existing mines. In contrast, ecocentric communities base their arguments on reliance on the agricultural sector, environmental awareness or activism, support from pro-environment networks, and the presence of indigenous peoples. The recommendation put forward here is specifically directed at local governments that have yet to designate karst landscapes as protected areas within their jurisdictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]