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Background: SARS-Cov-2(covid-19) infection is associated with Systemic Hyercoagulability and Thrombo-Embolic Complications. Anticoagulants play a key role in their management. Despite anticoagulants we have observed five case of RBBB MI in our ICU which co-relates with the thrombotic complication. And hence, Efficacy of the anticoagulants is debatable and requires meticulous APTT monitoring. Efficacy of thrombolysis is also not clear. A current guideline gives more emphasis on PCI over thrombolysis in RBBB MI patients. BUT unfortunate turn of events into catastrophe happened in these cases due to non-feasibility of cathlab interventions in covid-19 pandemic scenario. Material and Methods: This is A case series of five patients that were COVID-19 positive admitted to the ICU and Developed RBBB MI during their ICU stay despite on anticoagulant therapy. Data was collected retrospectively from hospital indoor records. Positive case of COVID-19 was confirmed by RT-PCR assay of nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab specimen. Conclusion: Development of RBBB MI in covid-19 patients on anticoagulants co-relates with the thrombotic complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection and failure of the therapeutic management. PCI can be considered as a gold standard intervention compared to thrombolysis. BUT unfortunate turn of events into catastrophe happened in these cases due to non-feasibility of cathlab interventions in covid-19 pandemic scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: During this long COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and non invasive ventilation (NIV) are being widely used to treat of NIV in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are lacking, and for this reason it is extremely important to accurately determine the outcomes of this strategy. This study aimed to evaluate clinical data and outcomes of NIV in patients with COVID-19 ARDS. Material And Methods: This is retrospective observation study conducted at government hospital during April 2020 to July 2020. The study was approved by local ethical committee. We analyzed patients with the laboratory confirmed case of COVID-19 infection admitted in intensive care unit who require positive pressure ventilation and perfusion which are not able to maintain on simple O2 masks/nasal cannula/NRBM. Data related to clinical features and co-morbidities were recorded at admission and clinical laboratory data were recorded at start of NIV and respiratory parameter were recorded at the time of admission, start of NIV and at the time of weaning or shift to invasive ventilation. Result: Out of 119 patients 42 patients were successfully weaned off from non invasive ventilation while remaining were shifted to invasive mechanical ventilation. The patients who were shifted to invasive ventilation were all died. Low P/F ratio, high CRP, high D-dimer, high LDH and high ferritin levels were related to conversion to invasive ventilation and high mortality among the group. Conclusion: Although there is a role for non-invasive respiratory therapies in the context of COVID-19 ARF, more research is still needed to define the balance of benefits and risks to patients. Indirectly, non-invasive respiratory therapies may be of particular benefit in reducing the risks to healthcare workers by obviating the need for intubation, a potentially highly infectious procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The completeness of a trauma registry's data is essential for its valid use. This study aimed to evaluate the extent of missing data in a new multicentre trauma registry in India and to assess the association between data completeness and potential predictors of missing data, particularly mortality. Methods: The proportion of missing data for variables among all adults was determined from data collected from 19 April 2016 to 30 April 2017. In-hospital physiological data were defined as missing if any of initial systolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, or Glasgow Coma Scale were missing. Univariable logistic regression and multivariable logistic regression, using manual stepwise selection, were used to investigate the association between mortality (and other potential predictors) and missing physiological data. Results: Data on the 4466 trauma patients in the registry were analysed. Out of 59 variables, most (n = 51; 86.4%) were missing less than 20% of observations. There were 808 (18.1%) patients missing at least one of the first in-hospital physiological observations. Hospital death was associated with missing in-hospital physiological data (adjusted OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.02–2.01; p = 0.04). Other significant associations with missing data were: patient arrival time out of hours, hospital of care, 'other' place of injury, and specific injury mechanisms. Assault/homicide injury intent and occurrence of chest X-ray were associated with not missing any of first in-hospital physiological variables. Conclusion: Most variables were well collected. Hospital death, a proxy for more severe injury, was associated with missing first in-hospital physiological observations. This remains an important limitation for trauma registries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The use of ultrasound imaging before or during vascular cannulation greatly improves first-pass success and reduces complications, but this skill must then be combined with manual dexterity to perform the three dimensional (3D) procedure of placing a catheter into the deep veins while analyzing the 2D images. Hence this study is an attempt to still decrease the above mentioned limitation of guided deep vein cannulation by slight modification in the insertion technique. Aims and objectives: Aims to compare the ultrasound guided deep vein cannulation by conventional insertion technique(CIT) v/s ultrasound guided perpendicular insertion technique (PIT). Main comparison parameters here are number of attempts required, time taken for successful insertion, vessel counter puncture, arterial puncture and other known mechanical complications of deep venous cannulation. Material and method: Prospective, non randomized cross sectional study, done over 200 patients in two arms. Data-analysed by epi2k and state-9 software. Results: Total number of insertions were 64 by CIT v/s 136 by the PIT. Mean of number of attempts required were 1.918 with the CIT v/s 1.106 for the PIT method. Mean of time of cannulation was 78.62 + 18 sec with CIT while it was 66.98 + 12 sec for PIT and this was statistically significant(P = 0.041). Incidence of vessel counter-puncture was much lower in PIT as compared to CIT (6.1 % v/s 16.2%). 5.9% cannulation done by CIT had arterial puncture v/s 0.8% with the PIT. Not a single episode of any other mechanical complications with either of the method. Conclusion: USG guided perpendicular method is less time consuming, less number of attempts are required and there are less chances of arterial picture or vessel counter puncture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives of the study According to the latest world status report on road safety released by WHO, we are now the world leaders in road traffic accident rate & related mortality. Our study intends to find out the epidemiological factors, risk factors, use of safety measures, compliance with traffic laws, presenting injuries & ED intervention required, in patients with road traffic accidents. Materials & methods Our study is a cross sectional observational study in which data was obtained from 150 patients of road traffic accidents arriving at any time to emergency department. Collected data included information about basic details, basic crash characteristics, risk factors, use of safety measures, injuries sustained, ED intervention required & disposition. Results Approximately 77% of the patients belong to 11-50 yr age group. The most common time of RTA is between 6 am to 12 noon [36.67%]. However accidents requiring admission were more during night time [62.74%]. Innocent passengers & pedestrians contributed to 41% of the accident cases. Non compliance with traffic laws & safety measures like driving without license [20%], using mobile phones while driving [10%], not using headlights at night [26%], not using seatbelts [80%], not using helmets [91%], etc were found in a substantial number of cases. Intracranial bleed & skull fractures were significantly (31.2% v/s 0%) more in drivers without helmets than those with helmets. ED intervention required in decreasing order were dressing (38%), laceration repair (27.33%), splinting (24%), crash intubation (10%), ICD (2.66%). Conclusion: Well equipped secondary & tertiary level trauma centres, specially dedicated to management of trauma patients, with a proper triage plan, are necessary for proper management of trauma patients & better utilisation of resources. Our study shows that an ER physician should be trained in laceration repair, dressing, splint/slab application, fracture/dislocation reduction, ICD insertion, intubation, reading X-rays, performing FAST etc for better management of trauma patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/Purpose: The outbreak of methanol poisoning described in this paper occurred in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India in July 2009. Our intention is to share the experience of clinical features, laboratory investigations and their relation during this tragedy. Materials and Methods: Single center, retrospective study of clinical features and laboratory parameters of 178 cases of methanol toxicity treated at tertiary care hospital in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Results: Maximum patients (39.8%, n = 45) were received in 48 h; Mean age of presentation was 41.9 ± 10.2 years. Most of them were men (175 out of 178). On presentation, 83% patients had gastro-intestinal symptoms, 46% had neurological symptoms, 73% had visual symptoms and 32% had dyspnoea. 62% had blurred vision, 10.5% had blindness. Patients with visual symptoms had high mean level of methanol (120.12 ± 23.12 vs. 55.43 ± 29.24, P = 0.014). On fundus examination 52.8% (n = 62) had bilateral hyperaemia of discs, 8.4% (n = 12) had bilateral disc pallor and 4.5% had papilledema (n = 5). Patients with hyperaemia of discs, discs pallor or papilledema, had higher mean methanol level (121.1 ± 32.2 mg% v/s 70.1 ± 23.2 mg%, P = 0.032). Mean of pH values was 7.17 ± 0.22 and bicarbonate was 12.3 ± 7.3 mmol/L. Both pH and bicarbonate levels correlated well with mortality and serum methanol level. Mean serum methanol level was 87.1 mg/dL, and correlated significantly with the mortality (53.1 ± 41 mg/dL v/s 121 ± 92 mg/dL, P value < 0.05). Conclusion: GI symptoms, neurological symptoms and breathlessness are important clue to ED physician for diagnose methanol poisoning. Visual symptoms and fundus findings correlate well with the methanol level. Arterial Blood Gas derived pH and bicarbonate levels correlate significantly with the methanol level and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methanol poisoning is a rare but extremely hazardous form of intoxication, generally occurring after suicidal or accidental events. Methanol is a cheap and potent adulterant of illicit liquors. In India, we have witnessed number of mass emergencies due to adulterated alcohol consumption. Although Gujarat State had banned alcohol consumption since 1961, worse hooch tragedies have often taken place. The most severe consequences of methanol intoxication are blindness, a profound metabolic acidosis and various forms of neurological impairment; which occur characteristically after a latent period of several hours or days after ingestion. We present a unique case of acute methanol intoxication presented with, apart from metabolic acidosis and optic neuritis, involvement of central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. He had bilateral optic neuritis, delayed onset polyneuropathy with axonopathy, and radiculopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging findings were consistent with bilateral putaminal necrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There have been no published recommendations for the management of low-risk chest pain in emergency departments (EDs) across India. This is despite the fact that chest pain continues to be one of the most common presenting complaints in EDs. Risk stratification of patients utilizing an accelerated diagnostic protocol has been shown to decrease hospitalizations by approximately 40% with a low 30-day risk of major adverse cardiac events. The experts group of academic leaders from the Indian College of Cardiology and Academic College of Emergency Experts in India partnered with academic experts in emergency medicine and cardiology from leading institutions in the UK and USA collaborated to study the scientific evidence and make recommendations to guide emergency physicians working in EDs across India., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.