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2. Effect of age at release on the post-release survival of head-started Spoon-billed Sandpipers

Author

Clements, J, Loktionov, EY, Yakushev, N, Clark, NA, Digby, R, Jarrett, N, Shepelev, I, Tomkovich, PS, Green, RE, Green, Rhys [0000-0001-8690-8914], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Animal Science and Zoology, Aquatic Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Headstarting, in which eggs are taken from the nests of wild birds, incubated artificially and the chicks reared in captivity before release to the wild, has been conducted since 2012 on the subarctic breeding grounds of the Critically-Endangered Spoon-billed Sandpiper Calidris pygmaea in an attempt to increase the production of fledged juveniles. We used resightings of individually-marked head-started juveniles after they had moved away from the natal release site to assess differences in post-release survival of birds released at the same site on the same date in relation to differences in the age at which they were released. There was an unexpected significant tendency for survival to decrease with increasing age at release, both for survival beyond the period immediately after release and also to one year old. This effect of age at release is likely to be causal because multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that potential confounding effects of year of release and hatching date did not have statistically significant effects when included in models along with age at release. The mechanism underlying the effect of age at release is unknown, but possible explanations include increased stress or risk of disease or injury of individuals kept captive for longer periods. Our results suggest that releasing all juveniles at the typical age at fledging of wild birds (ca. 17 days) would improve post-release survival substantially. Possible further research could include experiments in which groups of juveniles matched for hatching date and other covariates are released at different ages in the same year and correlative studies of the condition and health of captive juveniles in relation to previous avicultural interventions and the duration of time in captivity.

Published
2022

5. Report from the EPAA workshop: In vitro ADME in safety testing used by EPAA industry sectors

Author

Schroeder, K., Bremm, K.D., Alépée, N., Bessems, J.G.M., Blaauboer, B., Boehn, S.N., Burek, C., Coecke, S., Gombau, L., Hewitt, N.J., Heylings, J., Huwyler, J., Jaeger, M., Jagelavicius, M., Jarrett, N., Ketelslegers, H., Kocina, I., Koester, J., Kreysa, J., Note, R., Poth, A., Radtke, M., Rogiers, V., Scheel, J., Schulz, T., Steinkellner, H., Toeroek, M., Whelan, M., Winkler, P., and Diembeck, W.

Published
2011
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7. Understanding How Malaysian Women Appraise their Breast Cancer Symptoms: A Narrative Approach.

Author

Wan, Mamat WH, Lund, S., Jarrett, N., Mohd, Taib NA, and Duke, S.

Subjects
BREAST cancer, MEDICAL personnel, SOCIAL norms, EARLY detection of cancer, MALAYSIANS
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Awareness of breast cancer symptoms has made a positive impact on recognition and screening, however there is little research describing how women interpret their bodily changes. This study was conducted to explore how Malaysian women with breast cancer appraise their symptoms and how their interpretation of the symptoms had been shaped by the social norms, knowledge and previous experiences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 14 women with breast cancer were recruited using purposeful sampling. The participants took part in in-depth, one-time, face-to-face, and audio-recorded interviews. All the interviews were subsequently transcribed verbatim and analysed using structure and content of a narrative approach. RESULTS: Women interpreted their symptoms based on the physical presentation of the symptoms, previous experiences, and societal norms and beliefs. Some women immediately understood the potential meaning of their breast changes and sought medical opinion, while others waited from one week up to until one year to observe symptoms or normalised them in terms of previous and current experiences. The use of narrative enabled these women to recapitulate particular experiences that had special meaning in order to make sense of their action. CONCLUSIONS: The way women interpreted their symptoms reflected their understanding on the significant meaning of the symptoms. Acknowledging this symptom appraisal information may assist healthcare professionals in providing appropriate information that can challenge misconceptions, myths, and negative beliefs about breast cancer to improve breast cancer awareness and early detection among the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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11. Blood biochemistry and haematology values of juvenile Eurasian cranes (Grus grus) raised in captivity for reintroduction

Author

O'Brien, Michelle F, Beckmann, Katie, Jarrett, N. S., Hilton , G. M., Cromie, R. L ., and Carmichael, N. G.

Subjects
sex differences, health screening, age differences
Abstract

The Eurasian crane (Grus grus) is currently held in over 50 zoological collections worldwide and present in the wild in a number of countries across Europe and Asia. Normal ranges have not previously been published for a number of haematological and biochemical parameters in the species and this study is the first to provide biochemical parameters in captive individuals of this species. Blood samples were collected from 90 juvenile Eurasian cranes with an average age of 70 days, across five consecutive years (2010-14), as part of health screening prior to reintroduction in the south-western UK. Haematology and biochemistry values were determined for 40 parameters. Statistical analyses were carried out to determine the effect of age, sex and year on these values. Mean values of many haematological and biochemical parameters differed between years: haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count, heterophil percentage and number, lymphocyte percentage and number, monocyte percentage and number, eosinophil percentage and number, basophil percentage, total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, sodium, potassium, total calcium, ionised calcium, phosphorous, calcium/phosphorous ratio, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, bile acids, creatinine kinase, cholesterol, and sodium/potassium ratio. Calcium/phosphorous ratio, uric acid, bile acids, creatinine kinase, cholesterol and triglycerides decreased with age, while red blood cell count, haemoglobin, haematocrit, basophil number, potassium, total calcium and phosphorus increased with age. Females had higher values of red blood cell count, haemoglobin, lymphocyte number, basophil number, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, and creatinine kinase than males. A comparison with previously published values of captive and wild cranes is presented: the young age of the birds in our study was likely to have led to some of the observed differences to previous studies.

Published
2017

14. Improving Stroke Caregiver Readiness for Transition From Inpatient Rehabilitation to Home

Author

Lydia Eisenbrandt, Kerry Rae Creasy, Barbara J. Lutz, Jarrett N. Brunny, Christa L. Cook, Mary Ellen Young, and Crystal Martz

Subjects
Adult, Male, Patient Transfer, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, Rehabilitation Centers, Grounded theory, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Patient safety, 0302 clinical medicine, Nursing, Patient-Centered Care, medicine, Humans, Family, Survivors, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Stroke, Qualitative Research, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Rehabilitation, Family caregivers, Stroke Rehabilitation, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Patient Discharge, Caregivers, Grounded Theory, Female, Medical emergency, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Psychology, Risk assessment, Gerontology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Inpatient rehabilitation, Research Article
Abstract

Purpose As the population ages, older adults are more often living with functional limitations from chronic illnesses, such as stroke, and require assistance. Because stroke occurs suddenly, many stroke family caregivers in the United States are unprepared to assume caregiving responsibilities post-discharge. Research is limited on how family members become ready to assume the caregiving role. In this study, we developed a theoretical model for improving stroke caregiver readiness and identifying gaps in caregiver preparation. Design and methods We interviewed 40 stroke family caregivers caring for 33 stroke survivors during inpatient rehabilitation and within 6 months post-discharge for this grounded theory study. Data were analyzed using dimensional analysis and constant comparative techniques. Results Caregivers identified critical areas where they felt unprepared to assume the caregiving role after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. Steps to improve preparation include (a) conducting a risk assessment of the patient and caregiver; (b) identifying and prioritizing gaps between the patient's needs and caregiver's commitment and capacity; and (c) developing a plan for improving caregiver readiness. Implications The model presented provides a family-centered approach for identifying needs and facilitating caregiver preparation. Given recent focus on improving care coordination, care transitions, and patient-centered care to help improve patient safety and reduce readmissions in this population, this research provides a new approach to enhance these outcomes among stroke survivors with family caregivers.

Published
2016

18. Informing future research priorities into the psychological and social problems faced by cancer survivors:a rapid review and synthesis of the literature

Author

Jarrett, N., Scott, I., Addington-Hall, J., Amir, Z., Brearley, S., Hodges, L., Richardson, A., Sharpe, M., Stamataki, Z., Stark, D., Siller, C., Ziegler, L., Foster, C., Jarrett, N., Scott, I., Addington-Hall, J., Amir, Z., Brearley, S., Hodges, L., Richardson, A., Sharpe, M., Stamataki, Z., Stark, D., Siller, C., Ziegler, L., and Foster, C.

Abstract

To establish what is known regarding the psychological and social problems faced by adult cancer survivors (people who are living with and beyond a diagnosis of cancer) and identify areas future research should address.

Published
2013

22. Knowledge, ignorance and priorities for research in key areas of cancer survivorship: findings from a scoping review

Author

Richardson, A., Addington-Hall, J., Amir, Z., Foster, C., Stark, D., Armes, J., Brearley, S. G., Hodges, L., Hook, J., Jarrett, N., Stamataki, Z., Scott, I., Walker, J., Ziegler, L., Sharpe, M., Richardson, A., Addington-Hall, J., Amir, Z., Foster, C., Stark, D., Armes, J., Brearley, S. G., Hodges, L., Hook, J., Jarrett, N., Stamataki, Z., Scott, I., Walker, J., Ziegler, L., and Sharpe, M.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Patients who have completed initial cancer treatment (cancer survivors) have been relatively neglected. We need data to help us better understand the needs of this group and to underpin evidence-based service development. METHODS: Scoping reviews of research published in the last two decades focussing on the problems faced by cancer survivors, and the effectiveness of interventions for these problems were undertaken. The aim was to identify what we know, what we do not know and opportunities where research could provide new information. We searched for, retrieved and rapidly appraised systematic reviews sourced from the most common electronic databases supplemented by more recently published individual studies. RESULTS: The research evidence is surprisingly limited. We have some knowledge of the prevalence and nature of depression, pain and fatigue in cancer survivors. We know much less about cognitive and physical impairment, employment, financial well-being and relationships. Even where we have evidence, it is mostly of only moderate quality, is most often only for breast cancer and focuses almost exclusively on the early phase of survivorship. We have good evidence for the effectiveness of drug treatments for pain and moderate evidence for fatigue and depression, but not for other symptoms. Interventions based on rehabilitative and self-management approaches remain in the early stages of evaluation. INTERPRETATION: There has been a substantial amount of research describing many of the problems experienced by the cancer survivors. This is strongest in the area of symptoms in the period soon after treatment. However, the quality of the evidence is often poor, and some topics have been little examined. We urgently need data on the natural evolution and scale of the problems of cancer survivors obtained from well-designed, large-scale cohort studies and the robust testing of interventions in clinical trials. Given the current financially constrained resea

Published
2011

23. The physical and practical problems experienced by cancer survivors:a rapid review and synthesis of the literature

Author

Brearley, S. G., Stamataki, Z., Addington-Hall, J., Foster, C., Hodges, L., Jarrett, N., Richardson, A., Scott, I., Sharpe, M., Stark, D., Siller, C., Ziegler, L., Amir, Z., Brearley, S. G., Stamataki, Z., Addington-Hall, J., Foster, C., Hodges, L., Jarrett, N., Richardson, A., Scott, I., Sharpe, M., Stark, D., Siller, C., Ziegler, L., and Amir, Z.

Abstract

Purpose: A rapid and comprehensive review to identify what is known and not known about the physical and practical problems faced by adult cancer survivors. Methods: A systematic literature review process was used. This focused on published reviews to enable a fast but rigorous identification of both the gaps and well-researched areas within survivorship. Results: The search identified 5121 reviews, of which 42 were screened and 9 met the quality and inclusion criteria. The majority of papers focused on physical well being (n = 6) with the remaining papers focusing on practical well being (employment and finance). The quality of the reviews varied (ranging from weak to good). Gaps identified include sexual function, lower-limb lymphoedema, peripheral neuropathy, bladder and GI problems, hormonal sequelae, older cancer survivors, work impact of cancer and context-specific unmet supportive care needs. The review found a lack of standardised nomenclature for survivorship and methodological limitations. Conclusions: Four main gaps in knowledge relating to the practical and physical problems associated with cancer survivorship have been identified. These are key symptoms, unmet supportive care needs, employment and older cancer survivors, and should be addressed by future research and systematic literature reviews. Work is also needed to address the nomenclature of survivorship and to improve the methodology of research into cancer survivors (including standardised measures, theoretical frameworks, longitudinal design, inclusion of older survivors and age-matched controls for comparison). The review highlighted the need for better research within the identified areas in order to improve the experiences of cancer survivors. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2011

24. The physical and practical problems experienced by cancer survivors : a rapid review and synthesis of the literature

Author

Brearley, S. G., Stamataki, Z., Addington-Hall, J., Foster, C., Hodges, L., Jarrett, N., Richardson, A., Scott, I., Sharpe, M., Stark, D., Siller, C., Ziegler, L., Amir, Z., Brearley, S. G., Stamataki, Z., Addington-Hall, J., Foster, C., Hodges, L., Jarrett, N., Richardson, A., Scott, I., Sharpe, M., Stark, D., Siller, C., Ziegler, L., and Amir, Z.

Abstract

Purpose: A rapid and comprehensive review to identify what is known and not known about the physical and practical problems faced by adult cancer survivors. Methods: A systematic literature review process was used. This focused on published reviews to enable a fast but rigorous identification of both the gaps and well-researched areas within survivorship. Results: The search identified 5121 reviews, of which 42 were screened and 9 met the quality and inclusion criteria. The majority of papers focused on physical well being (n = 6) with the remaining papers focusing on practical well being (employment and finance). The quality of the reviews varied (ranging from weak to good). Gaps identified include sexual function, lower-limb lymphoedema, peripheral neuropathy, bladder and GI problems, hormonal sequelae, older cancer survivors, work impact of cancer and context-specific unmet supportive care needs. The review found a lack of standardised nomenclature for survivorship and methodological limitations. Conclusions: Four main gaps in knowledge relating to the practical and physical problems associated with cancer survivorship have been identified. These are key symptoms, unmet supportive care needs, employment and older cancer survivors, and should be addressed by future research and systematic literature reviews. Work is also needed to address the nomenclature of survivorship and to improve the methodology of research into cancer survivors (including standardised measures, theoretical frameworks, longitudinal design, inclusion of older survivors and age-matched controls for comparison). The review highlighted the need for better research within the identified areas in order to improve the experiences of cancer survivors. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2011

25. Environmental flows from dams; the Water Framework Directive

Author

Acreman, M., Aldrick, J., Binnie, C., Black, A., Cowx, I., Dawson, H., Dunbar, M., Extence, C., Hannaford, J., Harby, A., Holmes, N., Jarrett, N., Old, G., Peirson, G., Webb, J., Wood, P., Acreman, M., Aldrick, J., Binnie, C., Black, A., Cowx, I., Dawson, H., Dunbar, M., Extence, C., Hannaford, J., Harby, A., Holmes, N., Jarrett, N., Old, G., Peirson, G., Webb, J., and Wood, P.

Abstract

The Water Framework Directive (WFD) provides a template for sustainable water management across Europe. The WFD requires the development of procedures to ensure the appropriate mitigation of anthropogenic impacts on river ecosystems resulting from water abstraction and impoundments. It is widely acknowledged that alterations to the flow regime impacts on riverine ecosystems. As a result hydromorphology, which includes the hydrological regime, is embedded within the WFD as a supporting element to achieve Good Ecological Status (GES). Environmental flow releases from impoundments, such as reservoir dams, will need to be implemented to mitigate impacts caused by their construction and operation. This paper outlines the process involved in the analysis of available scientific information and the development of guidance criteria for the setting of environmental flow release regimes for UK rivers. The paper describes two methods for implementation of the WFD for rivers subject to impoundments developed by round table expert knowledge and discussions, supported by available data. First, a method for preliminary assessment of a water body to determine if it is likely to fail to achieve Good Ecological Status because of changes to the flow regime (indexed by simple flow regime statistics) in systems where appropriate biological assessment methods are limited or currently unavailable. Second, a method for defining an environmental flow regime release based on the requirements of riverine ecological communities and indicator organisms for basic elements (building blocks) of the natural flow regime.

Published
2009

30. Knowledge, ignorance and priorities for research in key areas of cancer survivorship: findings from a scoping review

Author

Richardson, A, primary, Addington-Hall, J, additional, Amir, Z, additional, Foster, C, additional, Stark, D, additional, Armes, J, additional, Brearley, S G, additional, Hodges, L, additional, Hook, J, additional, Jarrett, N, additional, Stamataki, Z, additional, Scott, I, additional, Walker, J, additional, Ziegler, L, additional, and Sharpe, M, additional

Published
2011
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50. Referrals for bereavement counselling in primary care: a qualitative study.

Author

Wiles R, Jarrett N, Payne S, Field D, Wiles, Rose, Jarrett, Nikki, Payne, Sheila, and Field, David

Abstract

The growth in the provision of counselling services in British primary care offers an opportunity for general practitioners (GPs) to refer patients to counsellors following bereavement. This study explores the factors that influence GPs referral decisions. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 50 GPs from two cities in southern UK. The study found that GPs draw on notions of abnormal bereavement in making referral decisions. Indicators of bereavement problems related to: the nature of the death; level of social support; and reaction to the death. GPs views about the types of patients likely to benefit from counselling were further criteria employed in referral decisions. The study indicated that consideration of these factors may discriminate against certain types of patients being referred. Further education in the range of psychological theories of bereavement may assist GPs in understanding their bereaved patients' experiences and in developing their skills in recognising abnormal reactions and making appropriate referrals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002
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