19 results on '"Jarpa M"'
Search Results
2. Lactancia materna como factor protector de sobrepeso y obesidad en preescolares
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Jarpa M, Catalina, Cerda L, Jaime, Terrazas M, Claudia, and Cano C, Carmen
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Sobrepeso ,Malnutrition ,Breastfeeding ,lactancia materna ,malnutrición ,Obesity ,Overweight ,obesidad - Abstract
Introducción: El sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil han aumentado de forma importante en la población pediátrica chilena. Objetivo: Comprobar los beneficios de la lactancia materna en la prevención de la malnutrición por exceso en preescolares chilenos. Pacientes y Método: Estudio caso-control efectuado el año 2011 en pacientes pediátricos controlados en un centro privado de Chile (Centro Médico San Joaquín; Pontificia Universidad Católica). Se consignó sexo, edad, peso y talla, diagnóstico nutricional, tipo de alimentación durante los primeros 6 meses de vida, nivel socioeconómico, educación y obesidad de los padres, horas frente al televisor y asistencia a jardín infantil. Resultados: Se incluyeron 209 pacientes: el 53,1% eran de sexo masculino y el 60,3% recibieron lactancia materna predominante durante los primeros 6 meses de vida. Entre los 2 años y los 3 años y 11 meses, el 51,7% era eutrófico, el 29,7% presentó sobrepeso y un 18,6% obesidad. La odds ratio cruda de exposición a alimentación con lactancia materna versus fórmula láctea predominante durante los primeros 6 meses de vida en pacientes con malnutrición por exceso versus eutróficos fue de 0,442 (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 0,204-0,961). Conclusiones: Se verificó que la lactancia materna predominante los primeros 6 meses de vida actuó como factor protector contra malnutrición por exceso en niños preescolares chilenos tratados en este centro médico privado. Introduction: The rates of overweight and obesity among children have significantly increased in Chile. Objective: To assess the benefits of breastfeeding in preventing malnutrition by excessive intake of foods in Chilean pre-school children. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in 2011 on pediatric patients treated in a private Chilean healthcare center (San Joaquin Medical Center, Catholic University). Gender, age, weight, height, nutritional diagnosis, type of feeding during the first 6 months of life, socioeconomic status, parental education and obesity, television viewing, and kindergarten attendance were analyzed. Results: A total of 209 patients were included in the study, 53.1% of whom were male, and 60.3% were predominantly breastfed for the first 6 months of life. More than half (51.7%) were eutrophic, 29.7% were overweight, and 18.6% obese. The patients were between the ages of 2 and 3 years 11 months. The crude Odds Ratio of breast-feeding versus formula during the first 6 months of life in patients with normal weight versus overweight children was 0.442 (95% CI 0.204-0.961). Conclusions: It was found that predominantly breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life acted as a protective factor against malnutrition by excessive intake of foods in Chilean pre-school children treated in this private medical center.
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- 2015
3. Resección de metástasis pulmonares
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Paulina Díaz V, Andrés Marambio G, Jorge Salguero A, Gonzalo Cardemil H, Rodrigo Díaz P, Mauricio Díaz B, Catalina Jarpa M, Juan Pablo Marambio G, and Gonzalo Fernández R
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Lung ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,business.industry ,Metástasis pulmonares ,metastasectomía ,medicine ,Surgery ,macromolecular substances ,Surgical treatment ,business - Abstract
El tratamiento quirúrgico de las metástasis pulmonares (MP) constituye una terapia usada para varios tipos de cánceres metastásicos. Sin embargo, el tipo de cirugía y sus resultados es controversial, por lo que hemos decidido estudiarla. Objetivo: Describir clínicamente una serie de pacientes con MP sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico, sus resultados y seguimiento a largo plazo. Material y Método: Se revisaron retrospectivamente las fichas de pacientes con el diagnóstico de MP, de cualquier origen, operados en nuestro hospital entre los años 2002 y 2008. Se analizaron las características clínicas, tratamiento, morbimortalidad y resultados. Resultados: Durante este período se operaron 24 pacientes por MP. El promedio de edad fue 52,8 ± 16,6 años. La mayoría de los pacientes tenía un cáncer renal como tumor primario. La forma habitual de presentación fueron múltiples nodulos bilaterales. El abordaje quirúrgico más frecuente fue por videotoracoscopía (40,9%) asociado a una resección en cuña de las lesiones (81,8%). En el 83,4% no hubo complicaciones post operatorias. El 76,4% de los pacientes recidivó, en promedio a los 16,7 ±12 meses y el 68,7% fue reintervenido para una nueva resección. La probabilidad de sobrevivir más de 3 y 5 años post me-tastasectomía fue de 57% y 36% respectivamente. Conclusiones: En esta serie las MP fueron principalmente secundarias a cáncer renal. La videotoracoscopía es una cirugía emergente y segura en el tratamiento de las MP, siendo la principal forma de abordaje quirúrgico en nuestros pacientes. A pesar del elevado porcentaje de reintervenciones, la sobrevida es comparable al resto de las series publicadas.
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- 2010
4. Resección de metástasis pulmonares
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CARDEMIL H, GONZALO, MARAMBIO G, ANDRÉS, SALGUERO A, JORGE, FERNÁNDEZ R, GONZALO, DÍAZ B, MAURICIO, JARPA M, CATALINA, DÍAZ V, PAULINA, DÍAZ P, RODRIGO, and MARAMBIO G, JUAN P
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Metástasis pulmonares ,metastasectomía ,metastasectomy ,Lung metastases - Abstract
El tratamiento quirúrgico de las metástasis pulmonares (MP) constituye una terapia usada para varios tipos de cánceres metastásicos. Sin embargo, el tipo de cirugía y sus resultados es controversial, por lo que hemos decidido estudiarla. Objetivo: Describir clínicamente una serie de pacientes con MP sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico, sus resultados y seguimiento a largo plazo. Material y Método: Se revisaron retrospectivamente las fichas de pacientes con el diagnóstico de MP, de cualquier origen, operados en nuestro hospital entre los años 2002 y 2008. Se analizaron las características clínicas, tratamiento, morbimortalidad y resultados. Resultados: Durante este período se operaron 24 pacientes por MP. El promedio de edad fue 52,8 ± 16,6 años. La mayoría de los pacientes tenía un cáncer renal como tumor primario. La forma habitual de presentación fueron múltiples nodulos bilaterales. El abordaje quirúrgico más frecuente fue por videotoracoscopía (40,9%) asociado a una resección en cuña de las lesiones (81,8%). En el 83,4% no hubo complicaciones post operatorias. El 76,4% de los pacientes recidivó, en promedio a los 16,7 ±12 meses y el 68,7% fue reintervenido para una nueva resección. La probabilidad de sobrevivir más de 3 y 5 años post me-tastasectomía fue de 57% y 36% respectivamente. Conclusiones: En esta serie las MP fueron principalmente secundarias a cáncer renal. La videotoracoscopía es una cirugía emergente y segura en el tratamiento de las MP, siendo la principal forma de abordaje quirúrgico en nuestros pacientes. A pesar del elevado porcentaje de reintervenciones, la sobrevida es comparable al resto de las series publicadas. Surgical treatment of lung metastases (LM) is a therapy used for several types of metastatic cancers. However, the type of surgery and its outcome is controversial. Aim: To describe a series of patients with LM undergoing surgical treatment, their results and long-term follow up. Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all the medical records of patients with the diagnosis of LM, of whatever origin, operated at our hospital between the years 2002 and 2008. We analyzed their clinical characteristics, treatment, morbidity, mortality and results. Results: During this period 24 patients with LM were operated. The mean age was 52.8 ± 16.6 years. Most patients had kidney cáncer as primary tumour. The usual clinical presentation was multiple bilateral nodules. The surgical approach was in general a video-thoracoscopy (40.9%) associated with a wedge resection of the lesions (81.8%). In 83.4% of cases, there were no post-operative complications. Seventy six percent of the patients relapse, in an average of 16.7 ± 12 months and 68.7% were reoperated for a new resection. The probability of surviving more than 3 and 5 years post metastasectomy was 57% and 36% respectively. Conclusions: In this series the LM were mostly secondary to renal cáncer. The video-thoracoscopy is an emergent and safe technique in the treatment of LM, being the main type of surgical approach in our patients. Despite the high percentage of reoperations, the survival rate is comparable to the rest of the published series.
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- 2010
5. Lactancia materna como factor protector de sobrepeso y obesidad en preescolares
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Jarpa, M. Catalina, primary, Cerda, L. Jaime, additional, Terrazas, M. Claudia, additional, and Cano, C. Carmen, additional
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- 2015
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6. Estrés escolar: técnicas alternativas para su manejo
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Barros Prieto, M. Josefina, Fleischmann Chadwick, M. Elena, Guzmán Zenteno, Mercedes, Hernández Arce, Claudia, Ladevig Jarpa, M. Katalina, Marraccini Díaz, Paulina, Orrego Valenzuela, Consuelo, Pistono Salgado, Magdalena, Rivera Peña, Angelina, Julio López, Jaime, and Escuela de Psicopedagogía
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Reforma Educacional ,Manejo del Estrés ,Escolares ,Chile ,Metodología de Enseñanza - Abstract
Tesis (Psicopedagogía) Nuestro . país atraviesa por un período de cambios lo que, indudablemente, incluye el área de la educación. Estamos cursando la implementación de la Reforma Educacional, lo cual produce, entre otras, modificaciones en las antiguas metodologías utilizadas como medio de enseñanza. En este sentido las técnicas y la transformación de la educación en un proceso más personal, vivencia! y experimental que necesitan de algunos puntos de estudio_ Es por esta razón que creemos de vital relevancia revisar algunos aspectos fundamentales en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje destacando la razón de la tensión y ansiedad en los niños al enfrentarse a dicho proceso_ En el mundo moderno, cada vez se hace más necesario desarrollar habilidades de adaptación debido al aumento de exigencias a las que estamos expuestos, causadas en parte por la globalización.. y exuberante explosión de la información, además de las nuevas y diversas tecnologías que aumentan la cantidad de estímulos los que bombardean nuestros sentidos sin permitirnos seleccionar su contenido. El nuevo milenio implica demandas de adaptación en áreas como la social, educativa y tecnológica, lo que se acrecentará aún más en las nuevas generaciones. Todo lo mencionado anteriormente está contribuyendo a que cada día la educación sea más exigente y competitiva, que los · alumnos se encuentren cada vez más vulnerables a los medios de comunicación, produciendo un aumento del estrés al que deben someterse para seguir el ritmo impuesto por el sistema. El resultado de lo mencionado anteriormente, se ve reflejado en un creciente aumento de la agresividad infantil y adolescente mostrada en la prensa y las propias familias en cuestión. Hoy, podemos ver sucesos inéditos de violencia escolar ocurridos tanto en el ámbito de salas de clases, en los colegios y fuera de ellos. La calidad de vida que están llevando nuestros escolares es algo que nosotras como psicopedagogas no podemos ignorar. Sentimos la necesidad, no tan sólo remitirnos a las estrategias tradicionales de reeducación, sino que también debemos estar interesadas en que el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje sea lo más armónico y significativo posible para el alumno y profesor, desde su parte humana, sensible y pedagógica. Es por esto que estamos en la búsqueda de ampliar las técnicas pedagógicas tradicionales y encontrar nuevas soluciones para mejorar la calidad del proceso en sí, focalizándonos en forma particular en estrategias que reduzcan la ansiedad y tensión que produce en muchos casos la recepción y emisión de los contenidos tanto para el alumno como para el profesor. De acuerdo a los datos contenidos en el compendio estadístico 1999, del Instituto Nacional de Estadística, la población infantil chilena, presenta un 30% de patologías que se asocian al ámbito de la salud mental. Esto significa que, alrededor de 40.000 personas entre los 5 y 14 años, padecen de algún problema que implica enfermedad mental. En relación a estadísticas específicas sobre estrés, ansiedad o angustia, el último Censo nacional no lo consideró. Sin embargo, estimaciones de los servicios de psiquiatría y neurología infantil de los hospitales regionales, además de los de la Región Metropolitana, indican que sobre el 20% de la población escolar padecería síntomas evidentes de las dificultades recién señaladas.
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- 2001
7. Within-farm spread of infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar farms in Chile
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Mardones, FO, primary, Jansen, PA, additional, Valdes-Donoso, P, additional, Jarpa, M, additional, Lyngstad, TM, additional, Jimenez, D, additional, Carpenter, TE, additional, and Perez, AM, additional
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- 2013
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8. Co-infection patterns of infectious salmon anaemia and sea lice in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in southern Chile (2007-2009)
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Valdes-Donoso, P, primary, Mardones, F O, additional, Jarpa, M, additional, Ulloa, M, additional, Carpenter, T E, additional, and Perez, A M, additional
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- 2013
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9. Resección de metástasis pulmonares
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CARDEMIL H, GONZALO, primary, MARAMBIO G, ANDRÉS, additional, SALGUERO A, JORGE, additional, FERNÁNDEZ R, GONZALO, additional, DÍAZ B, MAURICIO, additional, JARPA M, CATALINA, additional, DÍAZ V, PAULINA, additional, DÍAZ P, RODRIGO, additional, and MARAMBIO G, JUAN P, additional
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- 2010
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10. Monitoring endocrine activity in kraft mill effluent treated by aerobic moving bed bioreactor system
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Chamorro, S., primary, Pozo, G., primary, Jarpa, M., primary, Hernandez, V., primary, Becerra, J., primary, and Vidal, G., primary
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- 2010
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11. Aerobic moving bed bioreactor performance: a comparative study of removal efficiencies of kraft mill effluents from Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus globulus as raw material
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Villamar, C. A., primary, Jarpa, M., additional, Decap, J., additional, and Vidal, G., additional
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- 2009
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12. Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) isolated from the ISA disease outbreaks in Chile diverged from ISAV isolates from Norway around 1996 and was disseminated around 2005, based on surface glycoprotein gene sequences
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Lisperger Angelica, Mansilla Soledad, Gherardelli Valentina, Kibenge Molly JT, Godoy Marcos G, Wang Yingwei, Kibenge Frederick SB, Jarpa Miguel, Larroquete Geraldine, Avendaño Fernando, Lara Marcela, and Gallardo Alicia
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Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) virus (ISAV) is a pathogen of marine-farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar); a disease first diagnosed in Norway in 1984. For over 25 years ISAV has caused major disease outbreaks in the Northern hemisphere, and remains an emerging fish pathogen because of the asymptomatic infections in marine wild fish and the potential for emergence of new epidemic strains. ISAV belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae, together with influenza viruses but is sufficiently different to be assigned to its own genus, Isavirus. The Isavirus genome consists of eight single-stranded RNA species, and the virions have two surface glycoproteins; fusion (F) protein encoded on segment 5 and haemagglutinin-esterase (HE) protein encoded on segment 6. However, comparision between different ISAV isolates is complicated because there is presently no universally accepted nomenclature system for designation of genetic relatedness between ISAV isolates. The first outbreak of ISA in marine-farmed Atlantic salmon in the Southern hemisphere occurred in Chile starting in June 2007. In order to describe the molecular characteristics of the virus so as to understand its origins, how ISAV isolates are maintained and spread, and their virulence characteristics, we conducted a study where the viral sequences were directly amplified, cloned and sequenced from tissue samples collected from several ISA-affected fish on the different fish farms with confirmed or suspected ISA outbreaks in Chile. This paper describes the genetic characterization of a large number of ISAV strains associated with extensive outbreaks in Chile starting in June 2007, and their phylogenetic relationships with selected European and North American isolates that are representative of the genetic diversity of ISAV. Results RT-PCR for ISAV F and HE glycoprotein genes was performed directly on tissue samples collected from ISA-affected fish on different farms among 14 fish companies in Chile during the ISA outbreaks that started in June 2007. The genes of the F and HE glycoproteins were cloned and sequenced for 51 and 78 new isolates, respectively. An extensive comparative analysis of ISAV F and HE sequence data, including reference isolates sampled from Norway, Faroe Islands, Scotland, USA, and Canada was performed. Based on phylogenetic analysis of concatenated ISAV F and HE genes of 103 individual isolates, the isolates from the ISA outbreaks in Chile grouped in their own cluster of 7 distinct strains within Genotype I (European genotype) of ISAV, with the closest relatedness to Norwegian ISAVs isolated in 1997. The phylogenetic software program, BACKTRACK, estimated the Chile isolates diverged from Norway isolates about 1996 and, therefore, had been present in Chile for some time before the recent outbreaks. Analysis of the deduced F protein sequence showed 43 of 51 Chile isolates with an 11-amino acid insert between 265N and 266Q, with 100% sequence identity with Genotype I ISAV RNA segment 2. Twenty four different HE-HPRs, including HPR0, were detected, with HPR7b making up 79.7%. This is considered a manifestation of ISAV quasispecies HE protein sequence diversity. Conclusion Taken together, these findings suggest that the ISA outbreaks were caused by virus that was already present in Chile that mutated to new strains. This is the first comprehensive report tracing ISAV from Europe to South America.
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- 2009
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13. First detection, isolation and molecular characterization of infectious salmon anaemia virus associated with clinical disease in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Chile
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Calbucura Marlene, Lisperguer Angelica, Grothusen Horts, Yason Carmencita V, Groman David B, Kibenge Molly JT, Aedo Alejandra, Godoy Marcos G, Avendaño Fernando, Imilán Marcelo, Jarpa Miguel, and Kibenge Frederick SB
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Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) is a viral disease of marine-farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) caused by ISA virus (ISAV), which belongs to the genus Isavirus, family Orthomyxoviridae. The virus is considered to be carried by marine wild fish and for over 25 years has caused major disease outbreaks in marine-farmed Atlantic salmon in the Northern hemisphere. In the Southern hemisphere, ISAV was first detected in Chile in 1999 in marine-farmed Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). In contrast to the classical presentation of ISA in Atlantic salmon, the presence of ISAV in Chile until now has only been associated with a clinical condition called Icterus Syndrome in Coho salmon and virus isolation has not always been possible. During the winter of 2007, unexplained mortalities were registered in market-size Atlantic salmon in a grow-out site located in Chiloé in Region X of Chile. We report here the diagnostic findings of the first significant clinical outbreak of ISA in marine-farmed Atlantic salmon in Chile and the first characterization of the ISAV isolated from the affected fish. Results In mid-June 2007, an Atlantic salmon marine farm site located in central Chiloé Island in Region X of Chile registered a sudden increase in mortality following recovery from an outbreak of Pisciricketsiosis, which rose to a cumulative mortality of 13.6% by harvest time. Based on the clinical signs and lesions in the affected fish, and laboratory tests performed on the fish tissues, a confirmatory diagnosis of ISA was made; the first time ISA in its classical presentation and for the first time affecting farmed Atlantic salmon in Chile. Rapid sequencing of the virus-specific RT-PCR products amplified from the fish tissues identified the virus to belong to the European genotype (Genotype I) of the highly polymorphic region (HPR) group HPR 7b, but with an 11-amino acid insert in the fusion glycoprotein, and ability to cause cytopathic effects (CPE) in CHSE-214 cell line, characteristics which make it distinct from common European Genotype ISAV isolates from Europe and North America. Conclusion In conclusion, the present work constitutes the first report of a case of ISA in farmed Atlantic salmon in Chile. The clinical signs and lesions are consistent with the classical descriptions of the disease in marine-farmed Atlantic salmon in the Northern hemisphere. The outbreak was caused by ISAV of European genotype (or Genotype I) of HPR 7b but distinct from common European Genotype ISAV isolates.
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- 2008
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14. Sublethal Effects of Chlorine-Free Kraft Mill Effluents on Daphnia magna.
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Chamorro S, López D, Brito P, Jarpa M, Piña B, and Vidal G
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- Animals, Biological Assay, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Daphnia drug effects, Daphnia growth & development, Feeding Behavior drug effects, Wastewater toxicity
- Abstract
The implementation of elemental chlorine-free (ECF) bleaching methods has drastically reduced the aquatic toxicity of Kraft mill effluents during the last decade. However, the residual toxicity of Kraft mill effluents is still a potential concern for the environment, even when subjected to secondary wastewater treatment. The aim of this study is characterize potential sublethal effects of ECF Kraft mill effluents using Daphnia magna as model species. D. magna exposed towards increasing concentration of ECF Kraft mill effluent showed a significant, dose-dependent reduction in feeding. Conversely, post-feeding assay, life history, and allometric growth analyses showed stimulatory, rather than inhibitory effects in exposed animals at low concentrations, while high concentrations of ECF Kraft mill effluents reduced their reproductive output. These results suggest a hormetic effect in which moderate concentrations of the effluent had a stimulatory effect with higher concentrations causing inhibition in some variables.
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- 2016
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15. Removal of stigmasterol from Kraft mill effluent by aerobic biological treatment with steroidal metabolite detection.
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Chamorro S, Vergara JP, Jarpa M, Hernandez V, Becerra J, and Vidal G
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- Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis, Bioreactors, Chile, Endocrine Disruptors analysis, Industrial Waste analysis, Paper, Pinus, Steroids analysis, Steroids chemistry, Bacteria, Aerobic chemistry, Biodegradation, Environmental, Lignin analysis, Lignin chemistry, Stigmasterol analysis, Stigmasterol chemistry, Waste Disposal, Fluid methods
- Abstract
Stigmasterol is a phytosterol contained in Kraft mill effluent that is able to increase over 100% after aerobic biological treatment. This compound can act as an endocrine disrupter as its structure is similar to that of cholesterol. The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal of stigmasterol from Kraft mill effluents treated by a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) with steroidal metabolite detection. The MBBR was operated for 145 days, with a hydraulic retention time of 2 days. Stigmasterol and steroidal metabolites were detected by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector during MBBR operation. The results show that the MBBR removed 87.4% of biological oxygen demand (BOD5), 61.5% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 24.5% of phenol and 31.5% of lignin, expressed in average values. The MBBR system successfully removed 100% of the stigmasterol contained in the influent (33 µg L(-1)) after 5 weeks of operation. In that case, the organic load rate was 0.343 kg COD m(-3) d(-1). Furthermore, different steroidal compounds (e.g., testosterone propionate, stigmast-4-en-3-one, 5α-pregnan-12-one-20α-hydroxy, 5α-pregnane-3,11,20-trione and 3α-hydroxy-5α-androstane-11,17-dione were detected in the Kraft mill effluent as potential products of phytosterol biotransformation.
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- 2016
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16. [Breastfeeding as a protective factor against overweight and obesity among pre-school children].
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Jarpa MC, Cerda LJ, Terrazas MC, and Cano CC
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- Body Weight, Case-Control Studies, Child, Preschool, Chile, Female, Humans, Male, Obesity epidemiology, Overweight epidemiology, Protective Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Breast Feeding, Child Nutrition Disorders prevention & control, Obesity prevention & control, Overweight prevention & control
- Abstract
Introduction: The rates of overweight and obesity among children have significantly increased in Chile., Objective: To assess the benefits of breastfeeding in preventing malnutrition by excessive intake of foods in Chilean pre-school children., Methods: A case-control study was conducted in 2011 on pediatric patients treated in a private Chilean healthcare center (San Joaquin Medical Center, Catholic University). Gender, age, weight, height, nutritional diagnosis, type of feeding during the first 6 months of life, socioeconomic status, parental education and obesity, television viewing, and kindergarten attendance were analyzed., Results: A total of 209 patients were included in the study, 53.1% of whom were male, and 60.3% were predominantly breastfed for the first 6 months of life. More than half (51.7%) were eutrophic, 29.7% were overweight, and 18.6% obese. The patients were between the ages of 2 and 3 years 11 months. The crude Odds Ratio of breast-feeding versus formula during the first 6 months of life in patients with normal weight versus overweight children was 0.442 (95% CI 0.204-0.961)., Conclusions: It was found that predominantly breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life acted as a protective factor against malnutrition by excessive intake of foods in Chilean pre-school children treated in this private medical center., (Copyright © 2015. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U.)
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- 2015
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17. Polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis from paper mill wastewater treated by a moving bed biofilm reactor.
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Jarpa M, Pozo G, Baeza R, Martínez M, and Vidal G
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- Waste Disposal, Fluid, Biofilms, Bioreactors microbiology, Industrial Waste, Paper, Polyhydroxyalkanoates biosynthesis
- Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis in paper mill wastewater treated by a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) was evaluated. A MBBR was operated during 300 d. The increasing effect of the Organic Load Rate (OLR) from 0.13 kg BOD(5)/m(3)·d to 2.99 kg BOD(5)/m(3)·d and the influence of two relationship of BOD(5:) N: P (100: 5: 1 and 100: 1: 0.3) on the PHA biosynthesis were evaluated. With an OLR of 0.13 kg BOD(5)/m(3)·d, the maximum organic matter removal measure as Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD(5)) was 98.7% for a BOD(5:) N: P relationship of 100: 5: 1. Meanwhile for BOD(5): N: P relationship of 100: 1: 0.3, the maximum efficiency was 87.2% (OLR: 2.99 kg BOD(5)/m(3)·d). The behaviour of the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and total phenolic compound removal efficiencies were below 65.0% and 41.0%, respectively. PHA biosynthesis was measured as a percentage of cells that accumulate PHA, where the maximum percentage was 85.1% and 78.7% when MBBR was operated under a BOD(5): N: P relationship of 100: 5: 1 and 100: 1: 0.3, respectively. Finally, the PHA yields in this study were estimated to range between 0.11 to 0.72 mg PHA/mg VSS and 0.06 to 0.15 mg PHA/mg COD.
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- 2012
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18. Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) isolated from the ISA disease outbreaks in Chile diverged from ISAV isolates from Norway around 1996 and was disseminated around 2005, based on surface glycoprotein gene sequences.
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Kibenge FS, Godoy MG, Wang Y, Kibenge MJ, Gherardelli V, Mansilla S, Lisperger A, Jarpa M, Larroquete G, Avendaño F, Lara M, and Gallardo A
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- Animals, Chile epidemiology, Cluster Analysis, Fish Diseases epidemiology, Isavirus genetics, Isavirus isolation & purification, Molecular Epidemiology, Molecular Sequence Data, Norway, Orthomyxoviridae Infections epidemiology, Orthomyxoviridae Infections virology, Phylogeny, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Disease Outbreaks, Fish Diseases virology, Isavirus classification, Membrane Glycoproteins genetics, Orthomyxoviridae Infections veterinary, Salmo salar virology, Viral Structural Proteins genetics
- Abstract
Background: Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) virus (ISAV) is a pathogen of marine-farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar); a disease first diagnosed in Norway in 1984. For over 25 years ISAV has caused major disease outbreaks in the Northern hemisphere, and remains an emerging fish pathogen because of the asymptomatic infections in marine wild fish and the potential for emergence of new epidemic strains. ISAV belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae, together with influenza viruses but is sufficiently different to be assigned to its own genus, Isavirus. The Isavirus genome consists of eight single-stranded RNA species, and the virions have two surface glycoproteins; fusion (F) protein encoded on segment 5 and haemagglutinin-esterase (HE) protein encoded on segment 6. However, comparison between different ISAV isolates is complicated because there is presently no universally accepted nomenclature system for designation of genetic relatedness between ISAV isolates. The first outbreak of ISA in marine-farmed Atlantic salmon in the Southern hemisphere occurred in Chile starting in June 2007. In order to describe the molecular characteristics of the virus so as to understand its origins, how ISAV isolates are maintained and spread, and their virulence characteristics, we conducted a study where the viral sequences were directly amplified, cloned and sequenced from tissue samples collected from several ISA-affected fish on the different fish farms with confirmed or suspected ISA outbreaks in Chile. This paper describes the genetic characterization of a large number of ISAV strains associated with extensive outbreaks in Chile starting in June 2007, and their phylogenetic relationships with selected European and North American isolates that are representative of the genetic diversity of ISAV., Results: RT-PCR for ISAV F and HE glycoprotein genes was performed directly on tissue samples collected from ISA-affected fish on different farms among 14 fish companies in Chile during the ISA outbreaks that started in June 2007. The genes of the F and HE glycoproteins were cloned and sequenced for 51 and 78 new isolates, respectively. An extensive comparative analysis of ISAV F and HE sequence data, including reference isolates sampled from Norway, Faroe Islands, Scotland, USA, and Canada was performed. Based on phylogenetic analysis of concatenated ISAV F and HE genes of 103 individual isolates, the isolates from the ISA outbreaks in Chile grouped in their own cluster of 7 distinct strains within Genotype I (European genotype) of ISAV, with the closest relatedness to Norwegian ISAVs isolated in 1997. The phylogenetic software program, BACKTRACK, estimated the Chile isolates diverged from Norway isolates about 1996 and, therefore, had been present in Chile for some time before the recent outbreaks. Analysis of the deduced F protein sequence showed 43 of 51 Chile isolates with an 11-amino acid insert between 265N and 266Q, with 100% sequence identity with Genotype I ISAV RNA segment 2. Twenty four different HE-HPRs, including HPR0, were detected, with HPR7b making up 79.7%. This is considered a manifestation of ISAV quasispecies HE protein sequence diversity., Conclusion: Taken together, these findings suggest that the ISA outbreaks were caused by virus that was already present in Chile that mutated to new strains. This is the first comprehensive report tracing ISAV from Europe to South America.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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19. First detection, isolation and molecular characterization of infectious salmon anaemia virus associated with clinical disease in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Chile.
- Author
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Godoy MG, Aedo A, Kibenge MJ, Groman DB, Yason CV, Grothusen H, Lisperguer A, Calbucura M, Avendaño F, Imilán M, Jarpa M, and Kibenge FS
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Antibodies, Viral metabolism, Antigens, Viral metabolism, Chile, Fish Diseases mortality, Fish Diseases pathology, Molecular Sequence Data, Orthomyxoviridae Infections mortality, Orthomyxoviridae Infections pathology, Orthomyxoviridae Infections virology, Polymorphism, Genetic, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sequence Alignment, Viral Fusion Proteins chemistry, Viral Fusion Proteins genetics, Fish Diseases virology, Fisheries, Isavirus genetics, Isavirus isolation & purification, Orthomyxoviridae Infections veterinary, Salmo salar virology
- Abstract
Background: Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) is a viral disease of marine-farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) caused by ISA virus (ISAV), which belongs to the genus Isavirus, family Orthomyxoviridae. The virus is considered to be carried by marine wild fish and for over 25 years has caused major disease outbreaks in marine-farmed Atlantic salmon in the Northern hemisphere. In the Southern hemisphere, ISAV was first detected in Chile in 1999 in marine-farmed Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). In contrast to the classical presentation of ISA in Atlantic salmon, the presence of ISAV in Chile until now has only been associated with a clinical condition called Icterus Syndrome in Coho salmon and virus isolation has not always been possible. During the winter of 2007, unexplained mortalities were registered in market-size Atlantic salmon in a grow-out site located in Chiloé in Region X of Chile. We report here the diagnostic findings of the first significant clinical outbreak of ISA in marine-farmed Atlantic salmon in Chile and the first characterization of the ISAV isolated from the affected fish., Results: In mid-June 2007, an Atlantic salmon marine farm site located in central Chiloé Island in Region X of Chile registered a sudden increase in mortality following recovery from an outbreak of Pisciricketsiosis, which rose to a cumulative mortality of 13.6% by harvest time. Based on the clinical signs and lesions in the affected fish, and laboratory tests performed on the fish tissues, a confirmatory diagnosis of ISA was made; the first time ISA in its classical presentation and for the first time affecting farmed Atlantic salmon in Chile. Rapid sequencing of the virus-specific RT-PCR products amplified from the fish tissues identified the virus to belong to the European genotype (Genotype I) of the highly polymorphic region (HPR) group HPR 7b, but with an 11-amino acid insert in the fusion glycoprotein, and ability to cause cytopathic effects (CPE) in CHSE-214 cell line, characteristics which make it distinct from common European Genotype ISAV isolates from Europe and North America., Conclusion: In conclusion, the present work constitutes the first report of a case of ISA in farmed Atlantic salmon in Chile. The clinical signs and lesions are consistent with the classical descriptions of the disease in marine-farmed Atlantic salmon in the Northern hemisphere. The outbreak was caused by ISAV of European genotype (or Genotype I) of HPR 7b but distinct from common European Genotype ISAV isolates.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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