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AIMS: To determine whether mothers of children with congenital toxoplasmosis have chorioretinal lesions consistent with toxoplasmosis. METHODS: Prospective cohort study. Ophthalmologists in our study have examined 173 children with congenital toxoplasmosis in a hospital outpatient setting. These children were referred to us by their primary care physicians. One hundred and thirty mothers of these children had retina examinations of both eyes at least once. Main outcome measure was lesion(s) consistent with ocular toxoplasmosis. RESULTS: Of 130 mothers examined between 1991-2005, 10 (7.7%, 95% Confidence Interval 3.8%, 13.7%) had chorioretinal lesions which likely represent resolved toxoplasmic chorioretinitis. Most of these were small peripheral chorioretinal lesions. None reactivated between 1991-2005. CONCLUSIONS: Chorioretinal lesions consistent with quiescent ocular toxoplasmosis occur in mothers of children with congenital toxoplasmosis in the United States.

To determine the efficacy of a tissue adhesive (2-octyl cyanoacrylate with parabens; Liquid Bandage, JohnsonJohnson, Skillman, New Jersey) in sealing clear corneal cataract wounds.Laboratory investigation.Seven human donor globes were prepared for Miyake video microscopy. A 3.0-mm clear corneal incision was created. A transscleral cannula was inserted and connected to a bottle of saline. The bottle height was varied to alter intraocular pressure. Droplets of India ink were placed on the wound. Main outcome measure was any influx of India ink into the anterior chamber as viewed through the Miyake system with intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuation or with manual pressure. If India ink was present in the eye, it was irrigated out, and the experiment was repeated with IOP fluctuation and manual pressure after the application of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate to the wound.One eye demonstrated the presence of India ink inside the eye on IOP reduction to5 mm Hg. Three eyes demonstrated the presence of India ink inside the eye with manual pressure. Three eyes did not leak with manual pressure or IOP variation. All seven eyes without glue leaked with exaggerated manual pressure at the wound edge. Of the seven eyes with tissue adhesive, none demonstrated influx of India ink with IOP variation or manual wound manipulation.Our laboratory model demonstrates that 2-octyl cyanoacrylate prevents the influx of ocular surface fluid independent of IOP and manual wound manipulation. Further investigations in clinical models are necessary to determine the future use of this adhesive barrier substance.

Since excavation process is very complex, it can be optimized in many ways, using different factors. In this paper excavation process optimization for backhoe excavator is presented. Results that are presented covers two scopes. First, relation between excavating force and tool angle of attack. Second is optimization of the bucket path. Reassuming, optimal trajectory, taking under consideration filling the bucket and minimal excavating force has been found.

Purpose To determine the feasibility and side effect profile of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate with parabens (Liquid Bandage) as an adjunct wound sealant and barrier against the inflow of ocular surface fluid after clear corneal cataract surgery. Design Prospective interventional case series. Participants Fifty-one eyes of 51 patients undergoing clear corneal cataract surgery. Methods Fifty-one eyes of 51 patients who underwent cataract surgery by one surgeon (RSK) were enrolled. A 2.75-mm clear corneal, triplanar, temporal incision was used in each case, followed by routine phacoemulsification. At the conclusion of each case, the wound was dried with a cellulose sponge. A modified microsponge with 1 to 2 drops of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate with parabens was then applied in a smooth layer to the wound. All wounds were rechecked for leakage with a cellulose sponge applied at the wound lip. The following criteria were evaluated on the first 2 postoperative visits: (1) visual acuity; (2) patient complaints; (3) wound integrity; (4) presence of tissue adhesive; and (5) any adverse events, including abnormal increase in local tissue reaction to the adhesive. Main Outcome Measures Side effect profile and clinical course of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate with parabens applied to clear corneal wounds. Results All 51 eyes demonstrated intraoperative watertight wound closure after the application of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate with parabens. Forty-five eyes (88%) had tissue adhesive still completely covering the wound on postoperative day 1. Two eyes (4%) had tissue adhesive over portions of their wound, and 4 eyes (8%) had no adhesive noted on their wound. All wounds were watertight on all postoperative visits. Thirty-one of 51 patients (61%) complained of mild transient foreign body sensation on postoperative day 1. Twenty-six patients (51%) had trace diffuse bulbar conjunctival hyperemia. Five patients had trace focal conjunctival hyperemia adjacent to the wound. Nine patients (18%) had remnants of the adhesive remaining on the second postoperative visit. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the ease of use and applicability and low side effect profile of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate with parabens as a temporary wound barrier in clear corneal cataract surgery.