182 results on '"Jaroslaw Aronowski"'
Search Results
2. Enhanced Cerebroprotection of Xenon-Loaded Liposomes in Combination with rtPA Thrombolysis for Embolic Ischemic Stroke
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Tao Peng, Keith Booher, Melanie R. Moody, Xing Yin, Jaroslaw Aronowski, David D. McPherson, Sean I. Savitz, Hyunggun Kim, and Shao-Ling Huang
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xenon ,liposome ,tissue plasminogen activator ,cerebroprotective ,embolic ischemic stroke ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Xenon (Xe) has shown great potential as a stroke treatment due to its exceptional ability to protect brain tissue without inducing side effects. We have previously developed Xe-loaded liposomes for the ultrasound-activated delivery of Xe into the cerebral region and demonstrated their therapeutic efficacy. At present, the sole FDA-approved thrombolytic agent for stroke treatment is recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA). In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential of combining Xe-liposomes with an intravenous rtPA treatment in a clinically relevant embolic rat stroke model. We evaluated the combinational effect using an in vitro clot lysis model and an in vivo embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (eMCAO) rat model. The treatment groups received intravenous administration of Xe-liposomes (20 mg/kg) at 2 h post-stroke onset, followed by the administration of rtPA (10 mg/kg) at either 2 or 4 h after the onset. Three days after the stroke, behavioral tests were conducted, and brain sections were collected for triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) and TUNEL staining. Infarct size was determined as normalized infarct volume (%). Both in vitro and in vivo clot lysis experiments demonstrated that Xe-liposomes in combination with rtPA resulted in effective clot lysis comparable to the treatment with free rtPA alone. Animals treated with Xe-liposomes in combination with rtPA showed reduced TUNEL-positive cells and demonstrated improved neurological recovery. Importantly, Xe-liposomes in combination with late rtPA treatment reduced rtPA-induced hemorrhage, attributing to the reduction of MMP9 immunoreactivity. This study demonstrates that the combined therapy of Xe-liposomes and rtPA provides enhanced therapeutic efficacy, leading to decreased neuronal cell death and a potential to mitigate hemorrhagic side effects associated with late rtPA treatment.
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- 2023
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3. Peripheral blood monocytes as a therapeutic target for marrow stromal cells in stroke patients
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Nikunj Satani, Kaushik Parsha, Courtney Davis, Adrian Gee, Scott D. Olson, Jaroslaw Aronowski, and Sean I. Savitz
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monocytes ,mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) ,stromal cells ,stroke ,secretome ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
BackgroundSystemic administration of marrow stromal cells (MSCs) leads to the release of a broad range of factors mediating recovery in rodent stroke models. The release of these factors could depend on the various cell types within the peripheral blood as they contact systemically administered MSCs. In this study, we assessed the immunomodulatory interactions of MSCs with peripheral blood derived monocytes (Mϕ) collected from acute stroke patients.MethodsPeripheral blood from stroke patients was collected at 5–7 days (N = 5) after symptom onset and from age-matched healthy controls (N = 5) using mononuclear cell preparation (CPT) tubes. After processing, plasma and other cellular fractions were removed, and Mϕ were isolated from the mononuclear fraction using CD14 microbeads. Mϕ were then either cultured alone or co-cultured with MSCs in a trans-well cell-culture system. Secretomes were analyzed after 24 h of co-cultures using a MAGPIX reader.ResultsOur results show that there is a higher release of IFN-γ and IL-10 from monocytes isolated from peripheral blood at day 5–7 after stroke compared with monocytes from healthy controls. In trans-well co-cultures of MSCs and monocytes isolated from stroke patients, we found statistically significant increased levels of IL-4 and MCP-1, and decreased levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Addition of MSCs to monocytes increased the secretions of Fractalkine, IL-6, and MCP-1, while the secretions of TNF-α decreased, as compared to the secretions from monocytes alone. When MSCs were added to monocytes from stroke patients, they decreased the levels of IL-1β, and increased the levels of IL-10 significantly more as compared to when they were added to monocytes from control patients.ConclusionThe systemic circulation of stroke patients may differentially interact with MSCs to release soluble factors integral to their paracrine mechanisms of benefit. Our study finds that the effect of MSCs on Mϕ is different on those derived from stroke patients blood as compared to healthy controls. These findings suggest immunomodulation of peripheral immune cells as a therapeutic target for MSCs in patients with acute stroke.
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- 2022
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4. Longitudinal neuroimaging evaluation of the corticospinal tract in patients with stroke treated with autologous bone marrow cells
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Muhammad E. Haque, Khader M. Hasan, Sarah George, Clark Sitton, Seth Boren, Octavio D. Arevalo, Farhaan Vahidy, Xu Zhang, Charles S. Cox Jr., Susan Alderman, Jaroslaw Aronowski, James C. Grotta, and Sean I. Savitz
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cell therapy ,corticospinal tract ,diffusion tensor imaging ,ischemic stroke ,serial neuroimaging study ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
Abstract Bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs) attenuate secondary degeneration and enhance recovery in stroke animal models. In a nonrandomized clinical trial, we imaged 37 patients with stroke: 17 patients treated with MNCs (treated) and 20 patients who received standard of care (nontreated) at 1, 3, and 12 months onset of stroke on 3.0T MRI system. Three‐dimensional anatomical and diffusion tensor images were obtained. The integrity of the corticospinal tract was assessed by measuring absolute and relative fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in the rostral pons (RP), posterior limb of the internal capsule, and corona radiata by drawing regions of interest. Infarct volume and stroke severity, which was assessed via the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS), were higher in the MNC group compared with the nontreated patients, which is a major limitation. Overall, the relative FA (rFA) of the nontreated patients exhibited continued reduction and an increase in relative MD (rMD) from 1 to 12 months, whereas despite larger infarcts and higher severity, treated patients displayed an increase in rFA from 3 to 12 months and no change in rMD. Contrary to the nontreated group, the treated patients' rFA was also significantly correlated (P
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- 2021
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5. Young Astrocytic Mitochondria Attenuate the Elevated Level of CCL11 in the Aged Mice, Contributing to Cognitive Function Improvement
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Ryosuke Tashiro, Dan Ozaki, Jesus Bautista-Garrido, Guanghua Sun, Lidiya Obertas, Alexis S. Mobley, Gab Seok Kim, Jaroslaw Aronowski, and Joo Eun Jung
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aging ,cognition ,hippocampus ,astrocytes ,mitochondria ,CCL11 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Aging drives cognitive decline, and mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of age-induced neurodegeneration. Recently, we demonstrated that astrocytes secrete functional mitochondria (Mt), which help adjacent cells to resist damage and promote repair after neurological injuries. However, the relationship between age-dependent changes in astrocytic Mt function and cognitive decline remains poorly understood. Here, we established that aged astrocytes secret less functional Mt compared to young astrocytes. We found the aging factor C-C motif chemokine 11 (CCL11) is elevated in the hippocampus of aged mice, and that its level is reduced upon systemic administration of young Mt, in vivo. Aged mice receiving young Mt, but not aged Mt improved cognitive function and hippocampal integrity. Using a CCL11-induced aging-like model in vitro, we found that astrocytic Mt protect hippocampal neurons and enhance a regenerative environment through upregulating synaptogenesis-related gene expression and anti-oxidants that were suppressed by CCL11. Moreover, the inhibition of CCL11-specific receptor C-C chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) boosted the expression of synaptogenesis-related genes in the cultured hippocampal neurons and restored the neurite outgrowth. This study suggests that young astrocytic Mt can preserve cognitive function in the CCL11-mediated aging brain by promoting neuronal survival and neuroplasticity in the hippocampus.
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- 2023
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6. A Combination of Atorvastatin and Aspirin Enhances the Pro-Regenerative Interactions of Marrow Stromal Cells and Stroke-Derived Monocytes In Vitro
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Nikunj Satani, Xu Zhang, Kaavya Giridhar, Natalia Wewior, Chunyan Cai, Jaroslaw Aronowski, and Sean I. Savitz
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statins ,aspirin ,combination therapy ,mesenchymal stromal cells ,cell therapy ,ischemic stroke ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Background and Purpose: Marrow stromal cells (MSCs) are being tested in clinical trials for stroke patients. MSCs appear to promote recovery through secretomes that promote modulation of immune cells, including myeloid phagocytes. Many stroke patients have comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes for which they are prescribed medications that might affect the function of MSCs and monocytes (Mo) when they are administered in stroke patients. We studied the effects of the two most commonly prescribed stroke medications, statin and statin plus aspirin, on the secretomes of MSCs and their modulation of Mo derived from stroke patients.Methods: Human MSCs, Mo and their co-cultures were exposed to atorvastatin or atorvastatin plus aspirin followed by secretome analysis at 24 h. Monocytes were isolated from healthy controls as well as stroke patients with NIHSS ranging from 11 to 20. Secretome composition was measured using multiplex immunoassay. We used MTT assay to measure proliferation of monocytes. The mixed model was used to analyze experimental data. p-values less than 0.05 were considered significant.Results: Atorvastatin and aspirin combination increased the release of IL-1RA from stroke Mo. In MSCs, atorvastatin and aspirin combination reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and IFN-γ. Atorvastatin alone reduced the release of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 from co-cultures of stroke monocytes and MSCs. Combination of atorvastatin and aspirin had additive effect on reducing the secretion of IL-6 from co-cultures of stroke Mo and MSCs.Conclusion: Atorvastatin, alone and in combination with aspirin can promote anti-inflammatory effect by modulating the secretome profile of Mo and MSCs. Our results suggest that stroke trials involving the use of intravenous MSCs should consider the effect of aspirin and atorvastatin, both of which are administered to the majority of hospitalized ischemic stroke patients.
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- 2021
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7. Contribution of TRPC Channels in Neuronal Excitotoxicity Associated With Neurodegenerative Disease and Ischemic Stroke
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Jaepyo Jeon, Fan Bu, Guanghua Sun, Jin-Bin Tian, Shun-Ming Ting, Jun Li, Jaroslaw Aronowski, Lutz Birnbaumer, Marc Freichel, and Michael X. Zhu
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neurological disease ,TRPC4 knockout ,calcium ,neuroprotection ,neurodegeneration ,neuronal death ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The seven canonical members of transient receptor potential (TRPC) proteins form cation channels that evoke membrane depolarization and intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) rise, which are not only important for regulating cell function but their deregulation can also lead to cell damage. Recent studies have implicated complex roles of TRPC channels in neurodegenerative diseases including ischemic stroke. Brain ischemia reduces oxygen and glucose supply to neurons, i.e., Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation (OGD), resulting in [Ca2+]i elevation, ion dyshomeostasis, and excitotoxicity, which are also common in many forms of neurodegenerative diseases. Although ionotropic glutamate receptors, e.g., N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, are well established to play roles in excitotoxicity, the contribution of metabotropic glutamate receptors and their downstream effectors, i.e., TRPC channels, should not be neglected. Here, we summarize the current findings about contributions of TRPC channels in neurodegenerative diseases, with a focus on OGD-induced neuronal death and rodent models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. TRPC channels play both detrimental and protective roles to neurodegeneration depending on the TRPC subtype and specific pathological conditions involved. When illustrated the mechanisms by which TRPC channels are involved in neuronal survival or death seem differ greatly, implicating diverse and complex regulation. We provide our own data showing that TRPC1/C4/C5, especially TRPC4, may be generally detrimental in OGD and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. We propose that although TRPC channels significantly contribute to ischemic neuronal death, detailed mechanisms and specific roles of TRPC subtypes in brain injury at different stages of ischemia/reperfusion and in different brain regions need to be carefully and systematically investigated.
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- 2021
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8. Medications for Hypertension Change the Secretome Profile from Marrow Stromal Cells and Peripheral Blood Monocytes
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Nikunj Satani, Kaavya Giridhar, Chunyan Cai, Natalia Wewior, Dominique D. Norris, Jaroslaw Aronowski, and Sean I. Savitz
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Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 - Abstract
Marrow stromal cells (MSCs) are in different stages of clinical trials for stroke patients. MSCs are proposed to promote recovery through the release of secretomes that modulate the function of beneficial immune cells. The majority of stroke patients have comorbidities including hypertension, for which they are prescribed antihypertensive medications that might affect the function of MSCs, when they are administered in stroke patients. Here, we studied the effects of common antihypertensive medications on the secretomes of human MSCs and their modulation of human monocytes (Mo) derived from stroke patients. MTT assay was used to assess the proliferation of MSCs after they were exposed to increased levels of antihypertensive medications. MSCs were exposed to the following medications: atenolol, captopril, and losartan. Monocytes were isolated from stroke patients with NIHSS ranging from 11 to 20 and from healthy controls. MSC-Mo cocultures were established, and a secretome profile was analyzed using the Magpix Multiplex cytokine array from Luminex technology. The linear mixed-effect model was used for statistical analysis. All analyses were performed using SAS 9.4, and p values less than 0.05 were considered significant. At clinically relevant levels, there was no change in MSC proliferation after exposure to atenolol, captopril, or losartan. Atenolol increased IL-1RA in stroke-Mo and decreased IL-8 secretion from MSCs indicating an anti-inflammatory effect of atenolol on secretomes of these cells. Captopril increased IL-8 from stroke-Mo and increased IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 secretions from MSCs. Captopril also increased IL-6 secretion from cocultures of stroke-Mo and MSCs indicating a strong proinflammatory effect on MSCs and their interaction with Mo. Atenolol increased the secretion of IL-8 and MCP-1 while captopril increased the secretion of IL-6 and MCP-1 from MSCs. Losartan decreased the release of IL-6 from MSCs. Losartan reduced MCP-1 and TNF-α from stroke-Mo and reduced IL-8 from cocultures of stroke-Mo and MSCs. Our results show that antihypertensive medications such as atenolol, captopril, and losartan, at concentrations comparable to doses prescribed for patients hospitalized for acute stroke, modulate the secretome profile of MSCs and their modulatory effects on target immune cells. Our results suggest that stroke trials involving the use of intravenous MSCs should consider the effect of these antihypertensive drugs administered to stroke patients.
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- 2020
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9. Neutrophil polarization by IL-27 as a therapeutic target for intracerebral hemorrhage
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Xiurong Zhao, Shun-Ming Ting, Chin-Hsuan Liu, Guanghua Sun, Marian Kruzel, Meaghan Roy-O’Reilly, and Jaroslaw Aronowski
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Science - Abstract
Neutrophils are important modulators of tissue damage after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but how this function is regulated is not clear. Here, the authors show interleukin-27 promotes the tissue-protecting functions of neutrophils via, at least partly, the induction of lactoferrin to present a potential therapy for ICH.
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- 2017
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10. Serial Metabolic Evaluation of Perihematomal Tissues in the Intracerebral Hemorrhage Pig Model
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Muhammad E. Haque, Refaat E. Gabr, Sarah D. George, Xiurong Zhao, Seth B. Boren, Xu Zhang, Shun-Ming Ting, Gunghua Sun, Khader M. Hasan, Sean Savitz, and Jaroslaw Aronowski
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intracerebral hemorrhage ,pig ICH model ,perihematomal edema ,magnetic resonance spectroscopy ,serial neuroimaging study ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
PurposePerihematomal edema (PHE) occurs in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and is often used as surrogate of secondary brain injury. PHE resolves over time, but little is known about the functional integrity of the tissues that recover from edema. In a pig ICH model, we aimed to assess metabolic integrity of perihematoma tissues by using non-invasive magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).Materials and MethodsFourteen male Yorkshire pigs with an average age of 8 weeks were intracerebrally injected with autologous blood to produce ICH. Proton MRS data were obtained at 1, 7, and 14 days after ICH using a whole-body 3.0T MRI system. Point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS)-localized 2D chemical shift imaging (CSI) was acquired. The concentration of N-Acetylaspartate (NAA), Choline (Cho), and Creatine (Cr) were measured within the area of PHE, tissues adjacent to the injury with no or negligible edema (ATNE), and contralesional brain tissue. A linear mixed model was used to analyze the evolution of metabolites in perihematomal tissues, with p-value < 0.05 indicating statistical significance.ResultsThe perihematoma volume gradually decreased from 2.38 ± 1.23 ml to 0.41 ± 0.780 ml (p < 0.001) over 2 weeks. Significant (p < 0.001) reductions in NAA, Cr, and Cho concentrations were found in the PHE and ATNE regions compared to the contralesional hemisphere at day 1 and 7 after ICH. All three metabolites were significantly (p < 0.001) restored in the PHE tissue on day 14, but remained persistently low in the ATNE area, and unaltered in the contralesional voxel.ConclusionThis study highlights the potential of MRS to probe salvageable tissues within the perihematoma in the sub-acute phase of ICH. Altered metabolites within the PHE and ATNE regions in addition to edema and hematoma volumes were explored as possible markers for tissue recovery. Perihematomal tissue with PHE demonstrated a more reversible injury compared to the tissue adjacent to the injury without edema, suggesting a potentially beneficial role of edema.
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- 2019
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11. Unique Contribution of Haptoglobin and Haptoglobin Genotype in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
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Spiros L. Blackburn, Peeyush T. Kumar, Devin McBride, Hussein A. Zeineddine, Jenna Leclerc, H. Alex Choi, Pramod K. Dash, James Grotta, Jaroslaw Aronowski, Jessica C. Cardenas, and Sylvain Doré
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cerebral vasospasm ,genetic biomarker ,heme ,microthrombosis ,neuroinflammation ,personalized medicine ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
Survivors of cerebral aneurysm rupture are at risk for significant morbidity and neurological deficits. Much of this is related to the effects of blood in the subarachnoid space which induces an inflammatory cascade with numerous downstream consequences. Recent clinical trials have not been able to reduce the toxic effects of free hemoglobin or improve clinical outcome. One reason for this may be the inability to identify patients at high risk for neurologic decline. Recently, haptoglobin genotype has been identified as a pertinent factor in diabetes, sickle cell, and cardiovascular disease, with the Hp 2-2 genotype contributing to increased complications. Haptoglobin is a protein synthesized by the liver that binds free hemoglobin following red blood cell lysis, and in doing so, prevents hemoglobin induced toxicity and facilitates clearance. Clinical studies in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage indicate that Hp 2-2 patients may be a high-risk group for hemorrhage related complications and poor outcome. We review the relevance of haptoglobin in subarachnoid hemorrhage and discuss the effects of genotype and expression levels on the known mechanisms of early brain injury (EBI) and cerebral ischemia after aneurysm rupture. A better understanding of haptoglobin and its role in preventing hemoglobin related toxicity should lead to novel therapeutic avenues.
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- 2018
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12. Sex Differences in Adipose Tissue CD8+ T Cells and Regulatory T Cells in Middle-Aged Mice
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Hilda Ahnstedt, Meaghan Roy-O’Reilly, Monica S. Spychala, Alexis S. Mobley, Javiera Bravo-Alegria, Anjali Chauhan, Jaroslaw Aronowski, Sean P. Marrelli, and Louise D. McCullough
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sex differences ,aging ,inflammation ,CD8+ T cells ,adipose tissue ,regulatory T cells ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease has increased among middle-aged women in the United States, yet has declined in middle-aged men. In experimental stroke, middle-aged females have larger strokes and greater inflammation than age-matched males or younger females. The mechanism underlying this shift from an “ischemia-protected” to an “ischemia-sensitive” phenotype in aging females is unknown. One potential factor is an age-related increase in systemic factors that induce inflammation. Increased abdominal fat deposition is seen in women during middle age. Adipose tissue plays a key role in obesity-induced systemic inflammation, including increased pro-inflammatory cytokines. We hypothesized that age and sex differences in adipose immune cells promote an augmented pro-inflammatory milieu in middle-aged females driven by a balance shift between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory T cells. Abdominal adipose tissue immune cells from young (3–4 months) and middle-aged (15–16 months) male and female C57BL/6J mice were analyzed by flow cytometry. Plasma triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were determined with colorimetric assays. Middle-aged mice had higher adipose tissue mass compared to young mice. Lipid profiling showed no sex differences in TG and LDL, but middle-aged females had lower HDL (0.84 ± 0.07 μg/μl) than middle-aged males (1.35 ± 0.06 μg/μl). Flow cytometry data demonstrated an age-associated increase in adipose tissue CD8+ T cells that was augmented by female sex, with middle-aged females having a higher percentage of CD8+ cells (34.4 ± 3.2% of CD3+ T cells) than middle-aged males (24.4 ± 2.2%). This increase in CD8+ T-cell proportion was adipose tissue-specific, as this change was not observed in blood. Middle-aged females had higher numbers of activated (CD69+) CD8+ T cells than males. In addition, female CD8+ T cells produced higher levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and granzyme B ex vivo, and females had higher adipose levels of IFN-γ, RANTES and MIP-1β than middle-aged males. In parallel, females had lower levels of regulatory T cells (Tregs), an anti-inflammatory T-cell subtype, compared to age-matched males. In conclusion, middle-aged females have a detrimental combination of elevated pro-inflammatory T cells and decreased anti-inflammatory Tregs in adipose tissue, which may promote a pro-inflammatory milieu and contribute to increased cardiovascular disease burden in aging females.
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- 2018
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13. Phagocytosis Assay of Microglia for Dead Neurons in Primary Rat Brain Cell Cultures
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Xiurong Zhao, Liyan Zhang, Shun-Ming Ting, and Jaroslaw Aronowski
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Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Clearance of dead brain tissue including the dead neurons through phagocytosis is an endogenous function of microglia in the brain, which is critical for inflammation resolution after ischemic stroke or head trauma. By regulating the function or polarization status of microglia, we may control their phagocytosis efficacy and therefore the cleanup process for the dead brain tissue. We cultured rat cortical neurons and microglia from the same litter of embryos. The cultured neurons are subjected to irradiation for inducing neuronal apoptosis. After labeling with propidium iodide (PI), the dead neurons (DNs) are exposed to the cultured microglia for phagocytosis assay. By counting the number of DNs in each microglia, we calculate the phagocytosis index to quantify the phagocytosis efficacy of microglia toward DNs. The protocol is divided into 4 sections: A) culturing rat cortical neurons from pre-natal rat embryos, B) preparing dead neurons as phagocytosis target, C) culturing rat brain microglia, D) quantifying phagocytosis index of microglia toward the dead neurons.
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- 2016
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14. Cryopreservation of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells Alters Their Viability and Subpopulation Composition but Not Their Treatment Effects in a Rodent Stroke Model
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Bing Yang, Kaushik Parsha, Krystal Schaar, Nikunj Satani, Xiaopei Xi, Jaroslaw Aronowski, and Sean I. Savitz
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Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 - Abstract
The systemic administration of autologous bone marrow (BM) derived mononuclear cells (MNCs) is under investigation as a novel therapeutic modality for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Autologous applications raise the possibility that MNCs could potentially be stored as a banked source. There have been no studies that investigate the effects of cryopreservation of BM-MNCs on their functional abilities in stroke models. In the present study, C57BL/6 mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) for 60 minutes and then divided into two treatment groups: fresh MNCs versus cryopreserved MNCs. BM-MNCs were collected at 22 hours after MCAo and were stored in liquid nitrogen for 12 months in cryopreserved MNCs group. BM-MNCs cellular viability, composition, and phenotype of the various subpopulations of mice BM-MNCs were evaluated by flow cytometry, and the behavioral recovery of stroke animals was tested with freshly harvested MNCs versus cryopreserved MNCs by corner test and ladder rung test. We found that long-term cryopreservation negatively impacts the cellular viability of bone marrow MNCs. Cryopreservation also alters the cellular composition of various subpopulations within the MNCs. However, despite the changes observed in cryopreserved cells, both fresh and frozen MNCs have similar beneficial effect on behavioral and histological outcomes.
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- 2016
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15. Wheel-Running Modestly Promotes Functional Recovery after a Unilateral Cortical Lesion in Rats
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Xiurong Zhao, Jaroslaw Aronowski, Shi-Jie Liu, Timothy Schallert, Jie Zhang, Roger Strong, Zhi-Shuo Ou, Theresa Nguyen, and James C. Grotta
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Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Background: We aimed to determine whether early or delayed wheel-running (W) after a cortical lesion in rats influences functional recovery and protein expression involving synaptic plasticity.
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- 2005
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16. Nitric oxide facilitates delivery and mediates improved outcome of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells in a rodent stroke model.
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Mallikarjunarao Kasam, Bing Yang, Roger Strong, Krystal Schaar, Vivek Misra, Xiaopei Xi, James C Grotta, Jaroslaw Aronowski, and Sean I Savitz
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNC) represent an investigational treatment for stroke. The objective of this study was to determine the relevance of vasoactive mediators, generated in response to MNC injection, as factors regulating cerebral perfusion (CP), the biodistribution of MNC, and outcome in stroke.Long Evans rats underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. MNC were extracted from the bone marrow at 22 hrs and injected via the internal carotid artery or the femoral vein 2 hours later. CP was measured with MRI or continuous laser Doppler flowmetry. Serum samples were collected to measure vasoactive mediators. Animals were treated with the Nitric Oxide (NO) inhibitor, L-NAME, to establish the relevance of NO-signaling to the effect of MNC. Lesion size, MNC biodistribution, and neurological deficits were assessed.CP transiently increased in the peri-infarct region within 30 min after injecting MNC compared to saline or fibroblast control. This CP increase corresponded temporarily to serum NO elevation and was abolished by L-NAME. Pre-treatment with L-NAME reduced brain penetration of MNC and prevented MNC from reducing infarct lesion size and neurological deficits.NO generation in response to MNC may represent a mechanism underlying how MNC enter the brain, reduce lesion size, and improve outcome in ischemic stroke.
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- 2012
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17. Longitudinal Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study: A Seed-Based Connectivity Biomarker in Patients with Ischemic and Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke.
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Seth B. Boren, Sean I. Savitz, Timothy M. Ellmore, Octavio D. Arevalo, Jaroslaw Aronowski, Christin Silos, Sarah George, and Muhammad E. Haque
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- 2023
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18. The Stroke Preclinical Assessment Network: Rationale, Design, Feasibility, and Stage 1 Results
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Patrick D. Lyden, Francesca Bosetti, Márcio A. Diniz, André Rogatko, James I. Koenig, Jessica Lamb, Karisma A. Nagarkatti, Ryan P. Cabeen, David C. Hess, Pradip K. Kamat, Mohammad B. Khan, Kristofer Wood, Krishnan Dhandapani, Ali S. Arbab, Enrique C. Leira, Anil K. Chauhan, Nirav Dhanesha, Rakesh B. Patel, Mariia Kumskova, Daniel Thedens, Andreia Morais, Takahiko Imai, Tao Qin, Cenk Ayata, Ligia S.B. Boisserand, Alison L. Herman, Hannah E. Beatty, Sofia E. Velazquez, Sebastian Diaz-Perez, Basavaraju G. Sanganahalli, Jelena M. Mihailovic, Fahmeed Hyder, Lauren H. Sansing, Raymond C. Koehler, Steven Lannon, Yanrong Shi, Senthilkumar S. Karuppagounder, Adnan Bibic, Kazi Akhter, Jaroslaw Aronowski, Louise D. McCullough, Anjali Chauhan, Andrew Goh, Shahneela Siddiqui, Kevin Sheth, Charles Matouk, Charles Dela Cruz, Jiangbing Zhou, Valina L. Dawson, Ted M. Dawson, Jian Liang, Peter C.M. van Zijl, Steven R. Zeiler, W. Taylor Kimberly, Taylan Erdogan, Lili Yu, Joseph Mandeville, and Jonah Patrick Weigand Whittier
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Male ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Brain ,Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ,Article ,Brain Ischemia ,Stroke ,Mice ,Animals ,Feasibility Studies ,Humans ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Aged - Abstract
Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion initiate cellular events in brain that lead to neurological disability. Investigating these cellular events provides ample targets for developing new treatments. Despite considerable work, no such therapy has translated into successful stroke treatment. Among other issues—such as incomplete mechanistic knowledge and faulty clinical trial design—a key contributor to prior translational failures may be insufficient scientific rigor during preclinical assessment: nonblinded outcome assessment; missing randomization; inappropriate sample sizes; and preclinical assessments in young male animals that ignore relevant biological variables, such as age, sex, and relevant comorbid diseases. Promising results are rarely replicated in multiple laboratories. We sought to address some of these issues with rigorous assessment of candidate treatments across 6 independent research laboratories. The Stroke Preclinical Assessment Network (SPAN) implements state-of-the-art experimental design to test the hypothesis that rigorous preclinical assessment can successfully reduce or eliminate common sources of bias in choosing treatments for evaluation in clinical studies. SPAN is a randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded, multilaboratory trial using a multi-arm multi-stage protocol to select one or more putative stroke treatments with an implied high likelihood of success in human clinical stroke trials. The first stage of SPAN implemented procedural standardization and experimental rigor. All participating research laboratories performed middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery adhering to a common protocol and rapidly enrolled 913 mice in the first of 4 planned stages with excellent protocol adherence, remarkable data completion and low rates of subject loss. SPAN stage 1 successfully implemented treatment masking, randomization, prerandomization inclusion/exclusion criteria, and blinded assessment to exclude bias. Our data suggest that a large, multilaboratory, preclinical assessment effort to reduce known sources of bias is feasible and practical. Subsequent SPAN stages will evaluate candidate treatments for potential success in future stroke clinical trials using aged animals and animals with comorbid conditions.
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- 2022
19. Embracing Heterogeneity in The Multicenter Stroke Preclinical Assessment Network (SPAN) Trial
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Andreia Morais, Joseph J. Locascio, Lauren H. Sansing, Jessica Lamb, Karisma Nagarkatti, Takahiko Imai, Klaus van Leyen, Jaroslaw Aronowski, James I. Koenig, Francesca Bosetti, Patrick Lyden, Cenk Ayata, Patrick D. Lyden, David C. Hess, Pradip K. Kamat, Mohammad Badruzzaman Khan, Krishnan Dhandapani, Ali S. Arbab, Shahneela Siddiqui, Cameron Smith, Mohammad Nisar, Enrique C. Leira, Anil K. Chauhan, Nirav Dhanesha, Rakesh B. Patel, Mariia Kumskova, Daniel Thedens, Kai Wang, Tao Qin, Xuyan Jin, Taylan Denis Erdogan, Lili Yu, Joseph B. Mandeville, William Taylor Kimberly, Jonah Patrick Weigand Whittier, Eng Lo, Ken Arai, Klaus Van Leyen, Fahmeed Hyder, Jelena M. Mihailovic, Basavaraju G. Sanganahalli, Sebastian Diaz-Perez, Sofia E. Velazquez, Hannah E. Beatty, Conor Johnson, Alison L. Herman, Ligia S. B. Boisserand, Emma Immakavar, Raymond C. Koehler, Ted Dawson, Valina Dawson, Yanrong Shi, Brooklyn Avery, Steven Lannon, Adnan Bibic, Kazi Akhter, Senthilkumar S. Karuppagounder, Louise D. McCullough, Lidiya Obertas, Andrew Goh, Shuning Huang, and Anjali Chauhan
- Subjects
Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
The Stroke Preclinical Assessment Network (SPAN) is a multicenter preclinical trial platform using rodent models of transient focal cerebral ischemia to address translational failure in experimental stroke. In addition to centralized randomization and blinding and large samples, SPAN aimed to introduce heterogeneity to simulate the heterogeneity embodied in clinical trials for robust conclusions. Here, we report the heterogeneity introduced by allowing the 6 SPAN laboratories to vary most of the biological and experimental model variables and the impact of this heterogeneity on middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) performance. We included the modified intention-to-treat population of the control mouse cohort of the first SPAN trial (n=421) and examined the biological and procedural independent variables and their covariance. We then determined their impact on the dependent variables cerebral blood flow drop during MCAo, time to achieve MCAo, and total anesthesia duration using multivariable analyses. We found heterogeneity in biological and procedural independent variables introduced mainly by the site. Consequently, all dependent variables also showed heterogeneity among the sites. Multivariable analyses with the site as a random effect variable revealed filament choice as an independent predictor of cerebral blood flow drop after MCAo. Comorbidity, sex, use of laser Doppler flow to monitor cerebral blood flow, days after trial onset, and maintaining anesthesia throughout the MCAo emerged as independent predictors of time to MCAo. Total anesthesia duration was predicted by most independent variables. We present with high granularity the heterogeneity introduced by the biological and model selections by the testing sites in the first trial of cerebroprotection in rodent transient filament MCAo by SPAN. Rather than trying to homogenize all variables across all sites, we embraced the heterogeneity to better approximate clinical trials. Awareness of the heterogeneity, its sources, and how it impacts the study performance may further improve the study design and statistical modeling for future multicenter preclinical trials.
- Published
- 2023
20. Cathepsin L and acute ischemic stroke: A mini-review
- Author
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Linda Ma, Silin Wu, Aaron M. Gusdon, Hua Chen, Heng Hu, Atzhiry S. Paz, Jaroslaw Aronowski, Jude P. Savarraj, Ryan S. Kitagawa, Huimahn A. Choi, and Xuefang S. Ren
- Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a serious cerebrovascular event that results in cell death, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, tissue degradation, and inflammation, often leading to permanent disability or death. As the incidence of ischemic stroke continues to rise globally, it is crucial to examine the mechanisms of the various proteins and molecules contributing to worsened patient outcome and recovery. Cathepsin L, a cysteine protease known for degrading tissues in lysosomes and elsewhere, may play a role in brain tissue loss and inflammation after stroke. Studies have suggested that cathepsin L appears in the ischemic core shortly after stroke is induced. Using immunohistochemical staining, mass spectrometry, and other assays, the increase of cathepsin L in the brain was correlated with extracellular matrix and perlecan degradation after ischemic stroke. Additionally, injection of a cathepsin L inhibitor significantly reduced brain infarct size and improved functional scores. More research is needed to elucidate cathepsin L's role in post-stroke inflammation and brain damage, in order to further explore the factors contributing to worsened patient outcome after ischemic stroke and work toward finding better therapeutic interventions.
- Published
- 2022
21. 473 Role of Neutrophils and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice
- Author
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Hussein A. Zeineddine, Pedram Honarpisheh, Sungha Hong, Ari Dienel, Peeyush Thankamanipandit, Spiros L. Blackburn, Jaroslaw Aronowski, and Devin Mcbride
- Subjects
Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) - Published
- 2023
22. Longitudinal Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study: A Seed-Based Connectivity Biomarker in Patients with Ischemic and Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke
- Author
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Seth B. Boren, Sean I. Savitz, Timothy M. Ellmore, Octavio D. Arevalo, Jaroslaw Aronowski, Christin Silos, Sarah George, and Muhammad E. Haque
- Subjects
General Neuroscience - Published
- 2022
23. Longitudinal neuroimaging evaluation of the corticospinal tract in patients with stroke treated with autologous bone marrow cells
- Author
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Charles S. Cox, Susan Alderman, Xu Zhang, James C. Grotta, Sean I Savitz, Clark Sitton, Khader M. Hasan, Farhaan S Vahidy, Octavio Arevalo, Muhammad E Haque, Sarah D George, Seth B Boren, and Jaroslaw Aronowski
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,corticospinal tract ,Medicine (General) ,Internal capsule ,Pyramidal Tracts ,Urology ,Bone Marrow Cells ,Neuroimaging ,Human Clinical Articles ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,R5-920 ,Human Clinical Article ,Corona radiata ,Fractional anisotropy ,ischemic stroke ,Humans ,Medicine ,cardiovascular diseases ,Stroke ,Bone Marrow Transplantation ,QH573-671 ,business.industry ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,diffusion tensor imaging ,Pons ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Corticospinal tract ,Bone marrow ,cell therapy ,business ,Cytology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,serial neuroimaging study ,Developmental Biology ,Diffusion MRI - Abstract
Bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs) attenuate secondary degeneration and enhance recovery in stroke animal models. In a nonrandomized clinical trial, we imaged 37 patients with stroke: 17 patients treated with MNCs (treated) and 20 patients who received standard of care (nontreated) at 1, 3, and 12 months onset of stroke on 3.0T MRI system. Three‐dimensional anatomical and diffusion tensor images were obtained. The integrity of the corticospinal tract was assessed by measuring absolute and relative fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in the rostral pons (RP), posterior limb of the internal capsule, and corona radiata by drawing regions of interest. Infarct volume and stroke severity, which was assessed via the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS), were higher in the MNC group compared with the nontreated patients, which is a major limitation. Overall, the relative FA (rFA) of the nontreated patients exhibited continued reduction and an increase in relative MD (rMD) from 1 to 12 months, whereas despite larger infarcts and higher severity, treated patients displayed an increase in rFA from 3 to 12 months and no change in rMD. Contrary to the nontreated group, the treated patients' rFA was also significantly correlated (P, Autologous bone‐marrow mononuclear cells were intravenously administered in patients with acute ischemic stroke as procedure outline in panel (A). The nontreated patients were recruited separately. Both groups were imaged three times over year and neuroimaging biomarkers were developed. Integrity of the ipsilesional and contralesional cortical spinal tracts (CST) were evaluated via diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), in the rostral pons (RP), posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC), and corona radiata (CR) as illustrated in panel (B). The relative fractional anisotropy (rFA), an imaging marker of white matter integrity, was serially quantified in these three regions in each group as shown in panel (C1), (C2), and (C3). Despite larger infarct size and severity of the treated group, the rFA either increased or stabilized as compared to the nontreated patients.
- Published
- 2021
24. α7-Acetylcholine Receptor Signaling Reduces Neuroinflammation After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice
- Author
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H. Alex Choi, Peeyush Kumar T, Spiros Blackburn, Kanako Matsumura, Jude P.J. Savarraj, Remya A Veettil, Ari Dienel, Jaroslaw Aronowski, Pramod K. Dash, and Devin W. McBride
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Pharmacology ,Agonist ,Subarachnoid hemorrhage ,business.industry ,medicine.drug_class ,Inflammation ,medicine.disease ,Systemic inflammation ,03 medical and health sciences ,Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nicotinic agonist ,medicine ,Galantamine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Neuroinflammation ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) causes a robust inflammatory response which leads worse brain injury and poor outcomes. We investigated if stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine α7 receptors (α7-AChR) (receptors shown to have anti-inflammatory effects) would reduce inflammation and improve outcomes. To investigate the level of peripheral inflammation after aSAH, inflammatory markers were measured in plasma samples collected in a cohort of aSAH patients. To study the effect of α7-AChR stimulation, SAH was induced in adult mice which were then treated with a α7-AChR agonist, galantamine, or vehicle. A battery of motor and cognitive tests were performed 24 h after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Mice were euthanized and tissue collected for analysis of markers of inflammation or activation of α7-AChR-mediated transduction cascades. A separate cohort of mice was allowed to survive for 28 days to assess long-term neurological deficits and histological outcome. Microglia cell culture subjected to hemoglobin toxicity was used to assess the effects of α7-AChR agonism. Analysis of eighty-two patient plasma samples confirmed enhanced systemic inflammation after aSAH. α7-AChR agonism reduced neuroinflammation at 24 h after SAH in male and female mice, which was associated with improved outcomes. This coincided with JAK2/STAT3 and IRAK-M activity modulations and a robust improvement in neurological/cognitive status that was effectively reversed by interfering with various components of these signaling pathways. Pharmacologic inhibition partially reversed the α7-AChR agonist’s benefits, supporting α7-AChR as a target of the agonist’s therapeutic effect. The cell culture experiment showed that α7-AChR agonism is directly beneficial to microglia. Our results demonstrate that activation of α7-AChR represents an attractive target for treatment of SAH. Our findings suggest that α7-AChR agonists, and specifically galantamine, might provide therapeutic benefit to aSAH patients.
- Published
- 2021
25. Lactoferrin and hematoma detoxification after intracerebral hemorrhage
- Author
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Jaroslaw Aronowski, Xiurong Zhao, and Marian L. Kruzel
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Neutrophils ,Ferric Compounds ,Biochemistry ,Gastroenterology ,Mini review ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Hematoma ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,cardiovascular diseases ,Molecular Biology ,Cerebral Hemorrhage ,030304 developmental biology ,Intracerebral hemorrhage ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Lactoferrin ,business.industry ,Cell Biology ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,medicine.disease ,nervous system diseases ,biology.protein ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
In this minireview we discuss the role of lactoferrin (LTF) in detoxifying hematoma after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Subsequent to ICH, neutrophils enter the ICH-affected brain, where they release various granule contents, including LTF. LTF is an iron-binding glycoprotein that binds Fe3+ with high affinity. Unlike other iron-binding proteins, LTF can retain Fe3+ at the low pH associated with inflamed tissue. LTF’s ability to sequester Fe3+ is of particular importance to ICH pathogenesis, because large quantities of free iron, which is pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory, are generated in the ICH-affected brain owing to blood hemolysis. LTF delivered to ICH-affected brain, either as a therapeutic agent or through infiltrated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (cells containing high levels of LTF), could limit the pathogenesis of ICH. LTF is a protein with a high isoelectric point (8.7), a property that enables it to bind to negatively-charged apoptotic cells or proteins. Here, LTF could act as a bridging molecule that couples the apoptotic cells to LTF receptors on the cellular membranes of microglia/macrophages to facilitate the efferocytosis/erythrophagocytosis of apoptotic cells and damaged red blood cells. Thus, by virtue of sequestrating iron and facilitating efferocytosis, LTF may contribute to hematoma detoxification and hematoma/inflammation resolution after ICH.
- Published
- 2021
26. Aging exacerbates neutrophil pathogenicity in ischemic stroke
- Author
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Monica S. Spychala, Hilda Ahnstedt, Louise D. McCullough, Jaroslaw Aronowski, Meaghan Roy-O'Reilly, Lauren H Sansing, and Yashasvee Munshi
- Subjects
Aging ,Neutrophils ,Ischemia ,Inflammation ,ischemia ,Neutrophil Activation ,neuroinflammation ,Brain Ischemia ,immunology ,Leukocyte Count ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,ischemic stroke ,Animals ,Humans ,Medicine ,Mortality ,Risk factor ,Stroke ,Neuroinflammation ,Retrospective Studies ,030304 developmental biology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,Reactive oxygen species ,Virulence ,business.industry ,Brain ,Cell Biology ,medicine.disease ,Pathogenicity ,Disease Models, Animal ,Neutrophil Infiltration ,chemistry ,Immunology ,Ischemic stroke ,Cytokines ,Disease Susceptibility ,Morbidity ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Research Paper - Abstract
Ischemic stroke is major cause of disability and mortality worldwide, and aging is strong risk factor for poor post-stroke outcome. Neutrophils traffic rapidly to the brain following ischemic stroke, and recent evidence has suggested that aging may alter neutrophil function after tissue injury. In this study, we hypothesize that aging enhances the pro-inflammatory function of neutrophils, directly contributing to the poorer outcomes seen in aging patients. We utilized demographic data and biological specimens from ischemic stroke patients and an experimental mouse model to determine the correlation between age, neutrophil function and stroke outcomes. In ischemic stroke patients, age was associated with increased mortality and morbidity and higher levels of neutrophil-activating cytokines. In mice, aged animals had higher stroke mortality and morbidity, higher levels of neutrophil-activating cytokines and enhanced generation of neutrophil reactive oxygen species compared to young mice. Finally, depletion of neutrophils via a specific monoclonal antibody after ischemic stroke led to long-term benefits in functional outcome in aged male and female animals, with no benefit observed in young. These results demonstrate that aging is associated with augmented neutrophil pathogenicity in ischemic stroke, and that neutrophil-targeted therapies may confer greater benefit in aged subjects.
- Published
- 2020
27. Contributors
- Author
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Harold P. Adams, Opeolu Adeoye, Gregory W. Albers, Andrei V. Alexandrov, Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, Hongyu An, Craig S. Anderson, Josef Anrather, Hugo J. Aparicio, Ken Arai, Jaroslaw Aronowski, Kunakorn Atchaneeyasakul, Heinrich Audebert, Roland N. Auer, Issam A. Awad, Hakan Ay, Selva Baltan, Ramani Balu, Mandana Behbahani, Oscar R. Benavente, Eric M. Bershad, Jimmy V. Berthaud, Spiros L. Blackburn, Leo H. Bonati, Julian Bösel, Marie Germaine Bousser, Joseph P. Broderick, Martin M. Brown, Wendy Brown, John C.M. Brust, Cheryl Bushnell, Patrícia Canhão, Louis R. Caplan, Julián Carrión-Penagos, Mar Castellanos, Michelle R. Caunca, Hugues Chabriat, Angel Chamorro, Jieli Chen, Jun Chen, Michael Chopp, Greg Christorforids, E. Sander Connolly, Steven C. Cramer, Brett L. Cucchiara, Alexandra L. Czap, Mark J. Dannenbaum, Patricia H. Davis, Ted M. Dawson, Valina L. Dawson, Arthur L. Day, T. Michael De Silva, Diana Aguiar de Sousa, Victor J. Del Brutto, Gregory J. del Zoppo, Colin P. Derdeyn, Marco R. Di Tullio, Hans Christoph Diener, Michael N. Diringer, Bruce H. Dobkin, Imanuel Dzialowski, Mitchell S.V. Elkind, Jordan Elm, Valery L. Feigin, José Manuel Ferro, Thalia S. Field, Marlene Fischer, Myriam Fornage, Karen L. Furie, Lidia Garcia-Bonilla, Steven L. Giannotta, Y. Pierre Gobin, Mark P. Goldberg, Larry B. Goldstein, Nicole R. Gonzales, David M. Greer, James C. Grotta, Ruiming Guo, Jose Gutierrez, Peter Harmel, George Howard, Virginia J. Howard, Jee-Yeon Hwang, Costantino Iadecola, Reza Jahan, Glen C. Jickling, Anne Joutel, Scott E. Kasner, Mira Katan, Christopher P. Kellner, Muhib Khan, Chelsea S. Kidwell, Helen Kim, Jong S. Kim, Charles E. Kircher, Timo Krings, Rita V. Krishnamurthi, Tobias Kurth, Maarten G. Lansberg, Elad I. Levy, David S. Liebeskind, Sook-Lei Liew, David J. Lin, Benjamin Lisle, Eng H. Lo, Patrick D. Lyden, Takakuni Maki, Georgios A. Maragkos, Miklos Marosfoi, Louise D. McCullough, Jason M. Meckler, James Frederick Meschia, Steven R. Messé, J Mocco, Maxim Mokin, Michael A. Mooney, Lewis B. Morgenstern, Michael A. Moskowitz, Michael T. Mullen, Steffen Nägel, Maiken Nedergaard, Justin A. Neira, Sarah Newman, Patrick J. Nicholson, Bo Norrving, Martin O’Donnell, Dimitry Ofengeim, Jun Ogata, Christopher S. Ogilvy, Emanuele Orrù, Santiago Ortega-Gutiérrez, Matthew Maximillian Padrick, Kaushik Parsha, Mark Parsons, Neil V. Patel, Virendra I. Patel, Ludmila Pawlikowska, Adriana Pérez, Miguel A. Perez-Pinzon, John M. Picard, Sean P. Polster, William J. Powers, Volker Puetz, Jukka Putaala, Margarita Rabinovich, Bruce R. Ransom, Jorge A. Roa, Gary A. Rosenberg, Christina P. Rossitto, Tatjana Rundek, Jonathan J. Russin, Ralph L. Sacco, Apostolos Safouris, Edgar A. Samaniego, Lauren H. Sansing, Nikunj Satani, Ronald J. Sattenberg, Jeffrey L. Saver, Sean I. Savitz, Christian Schmidt, Sudha Seshadri, Vijay K. Sharma, Frank R. Sharp, Kevin N. Sheth, Omar K. Siddiqi, Aneesh B. Singhal, Christopher G. Sobey, Clemens J. Sommer, Robert F. Spetzler, Christopher J. Stapleton, Ben A. Strickland, Hua Su, José I. Suarez, Hiroo Takayama, Joseph Tarsia, Turgut Tatlisumak, Ajith J. Thomas, John W. Thompson, Georgios Tsivgoulis, Elizabeth Tournier-Lasserve, Gabriel Vidal, Ajay K. Wakhloo, Babette B. Weksler, Joshua Z. Willey, Max Wintermark, Lawrence K.S. Wong, Guohua Xi, Jinchong Xu, Shadi Yaghi, Takenori Yamaguchi, Tuo Yang, Masahiro Yasaka, Darin B. Zahuranec, Feng Zhang, John H. Zhang, Zhitong Zheng, R. Suzanne Zukin, and Richard M. Zweifler
- Published
- 2022
28. Mechanisms of Damage After Cerebral Hemorrhage
- Author
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Lauren H Sansing, Guohua Xi, Jaroslaw Aronowski, and John H. Zhang
- Subjects
business.industry ,Medicine ,business - Published
- 2022
29. ILC homeostasis phenotyping in various tissues, aging, and sex differences
- Author
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Alexis S Mobley, Jesus Bautista Garrido, Pedram Honarpisheh, John d’Aigle, Louise D McCullough, and Jaroslaw Aronowski
- Subjects
body regions ,skin and connective tissue diseases - Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells are the innate counterpart to CD4+ T cells that are mediated by the same transcription factors and produce similar cytokines. ILCs are being investigated in many different disease states, but the field current lacks foundational information on ILC representation whether it be in tissues, between males and females, or in aging as these are all vital components in disease etiology and severity. Our descriptive study used flow cytometry to characterize ILCs compared to the entire CD45+ (e.g., lymphocyte) and lineage negative (e.g., ILC) compartments to understand their homeostatic balance and plasticity. Moreover, we defined ILC2 expression and subsets based on their cytokine production and created several mathematical models to elucidate the correlation of extra- and intra-cellular ILC2 markers from least to most complex. ILC studies would benefit from more unbiased, holistic experiments including RNA-seq and mass spectroscopy to further define ILCs in steady state before adding more complex pathways like different disease states to enhance translational value and therapeutic targeting of these cells.
- Published
- 2021
30. Transplantation of astrocytic mitochondria modulates neuronal antioxidant defense and neuroplasticity and promotes functional recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage
- Author
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Ryosuke Tashiro, Jesus Bautista-Garrido, Dan Ozaki, Guanghua Sun, Lidiya Obertas, Alexis S Mobley, Gab Seok Kim, Jaroslaw Aronowski, and Joo Eun Jung
- Subjects
General Neuroscience ,Research Articles - Abstract
Astrocytes release functional mitochondria (Mt) that play regulatory and prosurvival functions on entering adjacent cells. We recently demonstrated that these released Mts could enter microglia to promote their reparative/prophagocytic phenotype that assists in hematoma cleanup and neurological recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, the relevance of astrocytic Mt transfer into neurons in protecting brain after ICH is unclear. Here, we found that ICH causes a robust increase in superoxide generation and elevated oxidative damage that coincides with loss of the mitochondrial enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD). The damaging effect of ICH was reversed by intravenous transplantation of astrocytic Mt, which on entering the brain (and neurons), restored Mn-SOD levels and reduced neurological deficits in male mice subjected to ICH. Using an in vitro ICH-like injury model in cultured neurons, we established that astrocytic Mt on entering neurons prevented reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative stress and neuronal death by restoring neuronal Mn-SOD levels while at the same time promoted neurite extension and upregulation of synaptogenesis-related gene expression. Furthermore, we found that Mt genome-encoded small peptide humanin, which is normally abundant in Mt, could simulate Mt-transfer effect on neuronal Mn-SOD expression, oxidative stress, and neuroplasticity under ICH-like injury. This study demonstrates that adoptive astrocytic Mt transfer enhances neuronal Mn-SOD-mediated antioxidative defense and neuroplasticity in the brain, which potentiate functional recovery following ICH. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Mitochondrial dysfunction and antioxidant defense play essential roles in brain damage after ICH. Astrocytes release functional Mt that enters adjacent cells to help brain homeostatic function. Here, we show that systemic transplantation of astrocytic Mt restores ICH-impaired neuronal antioxidative defense, enhances neurite outgrowth, and improves stroke recovery after ICH. Our study suggests that systemic transplantation of astrocytic Mt could be considered as a novel and potentially promising strategy for ICH treatment.
- Published
- 2021
31. Abstract 1122‐000191: White Matter Tract Integrity After Vascular Insult: Longitudinal Analysis of Hemorrhagic vs Ischemic Lesions
- Author
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David Rosenbaum‐HaLevi, Muhammad Haque, Clark Sitton, Jaroslaw Aronowski, and Sean I Savitz
- Subjects
cardiovascular diseases ,nervous system diseases - Abstract
This meeting abstract was removed due to the OA licensing requirements of this journal. The full abstract is listed here : https://www.svin.org/files/SVIN_2021_Abstracts_for_Web.pdf
- Published
- 2021
32. Intravenous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells for Acute Ischemic Stroke: Safety, Feasibility, and Effect Size from a Phase I Clinical Trial
- Author
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James C. Grotta, Farhaan S Vahidy, Mohammad H. Rahbar, Andrew D Barreto, Charles S. Cox, Sean I Savitz, Harinder S. Juneja, Muhammad E Haque, Hongjian Zhu, Dean A. Lee, Jose I. Suarez, Susan Alderman, Arvind B Bambhroliya, Imoigele P. Aisiku, Adrian P. Gee, Paul J Rowan, Jaroslaw Aronowski, Khader M. Hasan, and Mallikarjuna Rao Kassam
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Phases of clinical research ,Bone Marrow Cells ,Biology ,Brain Ischemia ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Adverse effect ,Stroke ,Aged ,Bone Marrow Transplantation ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Cell Biology ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,Diffusion Tensor Imaging ,Treatment Outcome ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Propensity score matching ,Leukocytes, Mononuclear ,Feasibility Studies ,Molecular Medicine ,Administration, Intravenous ,Female ,Bone marrow ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Cellular therapy is a promising investigational modality to enhance poststroke recovery. We conducted a single-arm, phase I clinical trial to determine the safety and feasibility of intravenous (IV) administration of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs) after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Patients with moderate severity of AIS underwent bone marrow harvest followed by IV reinfusion of MNCs within 24–72 hours of onset. A target dose of 10 million cells per kilogram was chosen based on preclinical data. Patients were followed up daily during hospitalization and at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months for incidence of adverse events using laboratory, clinical (12 months), and radiological (24 months) parameters. The trial was powered to detect severe adverse events (SAEs) with incidences of at least 10% and planned to enroll 30 patients. Primary outcomes were study-related SAEs and the proportion of patients successfully completing study intervention. A propensity score-based matched control group was used for the estimation of effect size (ES) for day-90 modified Rankin score (mRS). There were no study-related SAEs and, based on a futility analysis, enrolment was stopped after 25 patients. All patients successfully completed study intervention and most received the target dose. Secondary analysis estimated the ES to be a reduction of 1 point (95% confidence interval: 0.33–1.67) in median day-90 mRS for treated patients as compared with the matched control group. Bone marrow harvest and infusion of MNCs is safe and feasible in patients with AIS. The estimated ES is helpful in designing future randomized controlled trials. Stem Cells 2019;37:1481–1491
- Published
- 2019
33. Excitatory pathway engaging glutamate, calcineurin, and NFAT upregulates IL-4 in ischemic neurons to polarize microglia
- Author
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Jaroslaw Aronowski, Shun-Ming Ting, Xiurong Zhao, and Xueping Zheng
- Subjects
N-Methylaspartate ,Transcription, Genetic ,Calcineurin Inhibitors ,Excitotoxicity ,Glutamic Acid ,Brain damage ,medicine.disease_cause ,Tacrolimus ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Macrophage ,030304 developmental biology ,Cerebral Cortex ,Neurons ,0303 health sciences ,NFATC Transcription Factors ,Microglia ,business.industry ,Calcineurin ,Glutamate receptor ,NFAT ,Original Articles ,Cell Hypoxia ,Rats ,Up-Regulation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Neurology ,Excitatory postsynaptic potential ,Interleukin-4 ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Excitotoxicity and microglia/macrophage over-activation are the important pathogenic steps in brain damage caused by ischemic stroke. Recent studies from our group suggest that the neurons in ischemic penumbra generate an anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-4 (IL-4). This neuron-produced IL-4 could subsequently convert surrounding microglia/macrophages to a reparative (M2)-phenotype. The present study was designed to establish the mechanisms by which neurons under transient ischemic condition produce/secrete IL-4. We employed primary rat cortical neurons and a validated in vitro ischemic injury model involving transient oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD). We discovered that only sublethal OGD induces IL-4 production/secretion by neurons. We then showed that excitotoxic stimulus (an integral component of OGD-mediated damage) involving N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and not kainate receptor, triggers neuronal IL-4 production/release. Of note, oxidative stress or pro-apoptotic stimuli did not induce IL-4 production by neurons. Next, using the calcineurin inhibitor FK506, we implicated this phosphatase in activation of the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT; a transcription factor activated through calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation) and propose that this pathway is involved in transcriptional upregulation of the IL-4 synthesis in NMDA-treated neurons. Finally, using a transfer of culture medium from NMDA-conditioned neuron to microglia, we showed that the neuronal IL-4 can polarize microglia toward a restorative, phagocytic phenotype.
- Published
- 2019
34. Aging augments type 2 cytokine responses in ILC2s leading to reparative, M2-like microglia
- Author
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Alexis S Mobley, Ashley Hamlin, Jesus Bautista Garrido, Joo Eun Jung, Louise D McCullough, and Jaroslaw Aronowski
- Subjects
Immunology ,Immunology and Allergy - Abstract
Aging affects immunologic responses by a global suppression of the immune system, including dysregulation of cytokine mediators, leading to increased inflammation throughout all systems, termed inflammaging. However, understanding mechanisms of healthy aging can bypass this effect. Inflammaging also leads to poor outcomes during brain injury, making immune-targeting therapeutics tantamount to overall brain health and longevity. Two candidate immune cells microglia and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) may control immune responses in the aged brain Therefore, we hypothesized that ILC2s are the brains’ gatekeepers of microglia polarization to a reparative, M2-like phenotype under: (1) homeostatic conditions and (2) with aging. To address this, we used flow cytometry to quantify ILC2s between young and aged male and female C57Bl6/J mice, showing an age-related increase in aged males. Moreover, when we stimulated ILC2s, the data indicated an age-related increase in cytokine production in males. We also utilized conditioned media transfer experiments from stimulated young and aged ILC2s to quiescent microglia and assessed their morphologic, genomic, proteomic, and functional changes using microscopy, qRT-PCR, Western immunoblotting, and phagocytosis assays. We showed more complex microglia morphology (indicating microglial priming) and an increase in reparative mRNA, proteins, and phagocytic function in microglia, which was augmented by aged ILC2s. Taken together, we have defined the capacity of ILC2 soluble factors to polarize microglia to a reparative phenotype and maintain this in aging. Supported by the NIH NINDS F31NS118983
- Published
- 2022
35. A Combination of Atorvastatin and Aspirin Enhances the Pro-Regenerative Interactions of Marrow Stromal Cells and Stroke-Derived Monocytes In Vitro
- Author
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Natalia Wewior, Kaavya Giridhar, Nikunj Satani, Jaroslaw Aronowski, Chunyan Cai, Sean I Savitz, and Xu Zhang
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Statin ,Myeloid ,Combination therapy ,medicine.drug_class ,aspirin ,Atorvastatin ,RM1-950 ,Pharmacology ,statins ,combination therapy ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,ischemic stroke ,Pharmacology (medical) ,cardiovascular diseases ,Stroke ,Original Research ,Aspirin ,business.industry ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,cell therapy ,business ,mesenchymal stromal cells ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background and Purpose: Marrow stromal cells (MSCs) are being tested in clinical trials for stroke patients. MSCs appear to promote recovery through secretomes that promote modulation of immune cells, including myeloid phagocytes. Many stroke patients have comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes for which they are prescribed medications that might affect the function of MSCs and monocytes (Mo) when they are administered in stroke patients. We studied the effects of the two most commonly prescribed stroke medications, statin and statin plus aspirin, on the secretomes of MSCs and their modulation of Mo derived from stroke patients.Methods: Human MSCs, Mo and their co-cultures were exposed to atorvastatin or atorvastatin plus aspirin followed by secretome analysis at 24 h. Monocytes were isolated from healthy controls as well as stroke patients with NIHSS ranging from 11 to 20. Secretome composition was measured using multiplex immunoassay. We used MTT assay to measure proliferation of monocytes. The mixed model was used to analyze experimental data. p-values less than 0.05 were considered significant.Results: Atorvastatin and aspirin combination increased the release of IL-1RA from stroke Mo. In MSCs, atorvastatin and aspirin combination reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and IFN-γ. Atorvastatin alone reduced the release of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 from co-cultures of stroke monocytes and MSCs. Combination of atorvastatin and aspirin had additive effect on reducing the secretion of IL-6 from co-cultures of stroke Mo and MSCs.Conclusion: Atorvastatin, alone and in combination with aspirin can promote anti-inflammatory effect by modulating the secretome profile of Mo and MSCs. Our results suggest that stroke trials involving the use of intravenous MSCs should consider the effect of aspirin and atorvastatin, both of which are administered to the majority of hospitalized ischemic stroke patients.
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- 2021
36. α
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Ari, Dienel, Remya A, Veettil, Kanako, Matsumura, Jude P J, Savarraj, H Alex, Choi, Peeyush, Kumar T, Jaroslaw, Aronowski, Pramod, Dash, Spiros L, Blackburn, and Devin W, McBride
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Male ,alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ,Galantamine ,Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ,Mice ,Neuroinflammatory Diseases ,Animals ,Humans ,Female ,Original Article ,Cholinesterase Inhibitors ,Inflammation Mediators ,Biomarkers ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) causes a robust inflammatory response which leads worse brain injury and poor outcomes. We investigated if stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine α(7) receptors (α(7)-AChR) (receptors shown to have anti-inflammatory effects) would reduce inflammation and improve outcomes. To investigate the level of peripheral inflammation after aSAH, inflammatory markers were measured in plasma samples collected in a cohort of aSAH patients. To study the effect of α(7)-AChR stimulation, SAH was induced in adult mice which were then treated with a α(7)-AChR agonist, galantamine, or vehicle. A battery of motor and cognitive tests were performed 24 h after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Mice were euthanized and tissue collected for analysis of markers of inflammation or activation of α(7)-AChR-mediated transduction cascades. A separate cohort of mice was allowed to survive for 28 days to assess long-term neurological deficits and histological outcome. Microglia cell culture subjected to hemoglobin toxicity was used to assess the effects of α(7)-AChR agonism. Analysis of eighty-two patient plasma samples confirmed enhanced systemic inflammation after aSAH. α(7)-AChR agonism reduced neuroinflammation at 24 h after SAH in male and female mice, which was associated with improved outcomes. This coincided with JAK2/STAT3 and IRAK-M activity modulations and a robust improvement in neurological/cognitive status that was effectively reversed by interfering with various components of these signaling pathways. Pharmacologic inhibition partially reversed the α(7)-AChR agonist’s benefits, supporting α(7)-AChR as a target of the agonist’s therapeutic effect. The cell culture experiment showed that α(7)-AChR agonism is directly beneficial to microglia. Our results demonstrate that activation of α(7)-AChR represents an attractive target for treatment of SAH. Our findings suggest that α(7)-AChR agonists, and specifically galantamine, might provide therapeutic benefit to aSAH patients. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13311-021-01052-3.
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- 2021
37. Abstract MP60: MSC Interaction With Peripheral Blood Monocytes From Stroke Patients is Dependent on Timing After Stroke
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Natalia Wewior, Sean I Savitz, Nikunj Satani, Jaroslaw Aronowski, Courtney Davis, and Kaushik Parsha
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Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Stromal cell ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,medicine.disease ,Peripheral blood ,Cell therapy ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Immunology ,Systemic administration ,Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Bone marrow ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Stroke recovery ,Stroke - Abstract
Background: Systemic administration of bone marrow derived stromal cells (MSCs) releases a broad range of trophic factors mediating stroke recovery. How MSCs release these factors may depend on the state of the circulation after systemic administration. We assessed whether the secretomes of MSCs, upon exposure to peripheral blood monocytes (Mo), differs depending on the temporal course when the Mo were isolated after stroke. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from stroke patients was isolated at 24h (N=10) and day 5-7 (N=7) after stroke, and from healthy controls (N=5) using Ficoll gradient. CD14+ Mo were isolated using indirect magnetic beads labelling. Contact and Trans-well co-culture assays were established using 100,000 CD14+ Mo and MSCs each in a 0.8um transwell system. After 24h, media was collected and analyzed for secretome using multiplex cytokine assay. Subtypes of Mo were evaluated using flow cytometry. Results: There was a significant increase in non-classical (CD14+CD16++) Mo and a significant decrease in classical (CD14++CD16-) Mo at Day5-7 after stroke as compared to 24h after stroke (Fig). When Day5-7 CD14+ Mo were co-cultured with MSCs, we found a significant reduction in inflammatory IL-1β and TNF-α, and a significant increase in anti-inflammatory IL-4 as compared to co-cultures of MSCs with healthy Mo. This effect was more pronounced in transwell (vs contact) co-cultures. Co-cultures of MSCs and Mo from controls or from patients 24h after stroke led to reductions in TNF-α and upregulation in IL-4 compared with Mo alone. There were no differences in effect of MSCs co-cultures with healthy vs 24h stroke Mo. Conclusion: Our study indicates that the immunomodulatory effect of MSCs may be dependent on the phenotype of Mo in the peripheral circulation of stroke patients. Hence, depending on the temporal course after stroke, the systemic circulation of stroke patients may differentially regulate MSCs to release soluble factors.
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- 2021
38. Abstract P433: Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells as a Highly Promising Therapy for Treatment of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
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Robert W. Mays, Annelies Bogaerts, Andrew Goh, Xiurong Zhao, Guanghua Sun, Sean I Savitz, Jaroslaw Aronowski, Sarah A. Busch, Lidiya Obertas, and Shun-Ming Ting
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Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Intracerebral hemorrhage ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Stem-cell therapy ,medicine.disease ,Ischemic stroke ,Medicine ,cardiovascular diseases ,Neurology (clinical) ,Progenitor cell ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Stroke ,Adult stem cell - Abstract
Background: Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC) are an adherent adult stem cell being evaluated as a treatment for ischemic stroke in humans under the name MultiStem®. However, the efficacy of MAPC cells for the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the most devastating form of stroke for which there is no effective treatment, is not clear Method: The therapeutic efficacy of MAPC administration was evaluated in both autologous blood injection (ABI) and collagenase (COL) rat ICH models. We treated rats intravenously with 1.2x10 6 cells (sub-optimal dose based on MAPC efficacy in ischemic stroke) and 1.2x10 7 cells (optimal dose) at either 2 or 24h after ICH, and used 2 different doses of collagenase to better understand the dose responses. Outcome measurements included 4 sensorimotor tests (up to 28d), ventricular hypertrophy, spleen size, and body weight (N=128 rats tested across 4 separate experiments). Results: MAPC offered a robust benefit in both ICH models in a dose-dependent fashion. (1) ABI model: at the sub-optimal dose MAPCs had no significant effect on behavioral performance, but effectively reduced ventricular hypertrophy. At an optimal dose, MAPCs at 2h or 24h after ICH, robustly reduced deficits in all 4 behavioral tests, and reduced ventricular hypertrophy by 59% and 35% in 2h and 24h post-treatment groups, respectively. No difference in body weight and spleen size was observed. (2) COL model: MAPC administered 2h after high collagenase dose, reduced hematoma volume (hemispheric hemoglobin level), as measured at 48h after collagenase injection. In addition, MAPC administration significantly reduced neurological deficit in the COL model. Conclusions: MAPC provide a uniquely robust therapeutic effect on clinically relevant neurological and morphological outcomes in two different ICH models. MAPC also reduced bleeding in the COL model, suggesting the potential for MAPC as a safe acute therapeutic treatment after ICH. In addition to having beneficial effects on recovery processes, MAPC could be further evaluated as a candidate to limit the hematoma enlargement during the initial postictal period. We are currently investigating the mechanism of MAPC-induced post-ICH recovery as well as hemostasis using tissue microarray analysis.
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- 2021
39. Abstract P427: Use of Machine Learning to Determine Predictors of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Expansion
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Jaroslaw Aronowski, Luca Giancardo, Mohammad Ammar Abdulrazzak, Ivan Coronado, Sergio Salazar-Marioni, Aidan I Azher, Sean I Savitz, Jonathan Greco, Sunil A Sheth, and Rania Abdelkhaleq
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Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Intracerebral hemorrhage ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hematoma ,business.industry ,Emergency medicine ,medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,medicine.disease ,business - Abstract
Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) constitutes upto 40% mortality in first 30 days. Early identification of predictors of hematoma expansion (HE) may improve efforts to prevent its occurrence and improve clinical outcome. Methods: We identified patients with ICH and follow-up imaging. HE was defined as a combination of absolute volume increase of 6cc, new IVH, or proportional increase of 33% in our dataset on 72h follow up scan. Presence of IVH was also included in hematoma expansion. We evaluated the predictive ability of 3 machine learning classifiers, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (with RBF kernel) and Logistic regression (with L1 regularization). The evaluation was done using a K-fold stratified cross validation to avoid overfitting. K was selected to be the number of subjects with HE. The features employed by classifiers were entirely based on the baseline imaging: Hematoma volume, Systolic BP, Diastolic BP, Black hole signs, Island signs, Blend signs, Fluid level, Swirl signs, Spot signs. Results: Our dataset comprised of 91 patients (n=21 HE, n=70 no HE). According to the area under the ROC (AUC), the two top performing classifiers were Support Vector Machine (AUC=0.66 CI 0.50-0.79) and Logistic Regression (AUC=0.64 CI 0.49-0.80). The statistical significance of the prediction is confirmed by the Mann-Whitney U test, p=0.01 and p=0.04 respectively. Random Forest did not reach statistical significance. Finally, we evaluated what were the highest and lowest weighted features across the cross-validation with Logistic Regression. The 3 top features were: presence of black hole and island signs and the systolic blood pressure. The 3 least useful features were: presence of spot and swirl signs and hematoma volume. Conclusion: Using our cohort, we developed a machine learning algorithm that predicts hematoma expansion using imaging features and blood pressure. MBL provided better sensitivity of these imaging markers compared with previous studies.
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- 2021
40. Optimized lactoferrin as a highly promising treatment for intracerebral hemorrhage: Pre-clinical experience
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Guanghua Sun, Shun-Ming Ting, Xiurong Zhao, Sean I Savitz, Jaroslaw Aronowski, and Marian L. Kruzel
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Male ,Inflammation ,Brain damage ,Pharmacology ,Neuroprotection ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Anti-Infective Agents ,Medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Cytotoxicity ,Stroke ,030304 developmental biology ,Cerebral Hemorrhage ,Intracerebral hemorrhage ,0303 health sciences ,Microglia ,biology ,business.industry ,Lactoferrin ,Original Articles ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,biology.protein ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the deadliest form of stroke for which there is no effective treatment, despite an endless number of pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. The obvious therapeutic target is the neutralization of toxic products of red blood cell (RBC) lysis that lead to cytotoxicity, inflammation, and oxidative damage. We used rigorous approaches and translationally relevant experimental ICH models to show that lactoferrin-(LTF)-based monotherapy is uniquely robust in reducing brain damage after ICH. Specifically, we designed, produced, and pharmacokinetically/toxicologically characterized an optimized LTF, a fusion of human LTF and the Fc domain of human IgG (FcLTF) that has a 5.8-fold longer half-life in the circulation than native LTF. Following dose-optimization studies, we showed that FcLTF reduces neurological injury caused by ICH in aged male/female mice, and in young male Sprague Dawley (SD) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). FcLTF showed a remarkably long 24-h therapeutic window. In tissue culture systems, FcLTF protected neurons from the toxic effects of RBCs and promoted microglia toward phagocytosis of RBCs and dead neurons, documenting its pleotropic effect. Our findings indicate that FcLTF is safe and effective in reducing ICH-induced damage in animal models used in this study.
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- 2020
41. Abstract TP99: Human Lung Endothelial Cell Anti-Inflammatory and Regenerative Responses in Acute Ischemic Stroke
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Nikunj Satani, Scott D. Olson, Jaroslaw Aronowski, Kaavya Giridhar, Dominique D. Norris, Sean I Savitz, and Natalia Wewior
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Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.drug_class ,business.industry ,Anti-inflammatory ,Human lung ,Endothelial stem cell ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Acute ischemic stroke - Abstract
Background: Inflammatory responses after stroke consists of central and peripheral immune responses. The role of the spleen after stroke is well-known, however the role of the lungs has not been studied in detail. We explored the relation between stroke severity and immunomodulatory changes in lung endothelial cells. Methods: Human pulmonary endothelial cells (hPECs, Cell Biologics) were cultured at passage 3. Serum from stroke patients with NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) severity ranging from 0 to 20 was collected at 24 hours after stroke. hPECs were exposed to media with 1) 10% FBS alone (N=6), 2) 10% serum from stroke patients (N=72), or 3) 10% serum from stroke mimic patients (N=6). After 3 hour of exposure, fresh media was added and secretomes from hPECs were measured after 24 hours. We isolated RNA from hPECs after 3 hour of serum exposure and measured gene expression (N=6 for each group). Secretome and gene changes in hPECs were analyzed based on stroke severity, tPA treatment, and co-morbidities. Results: Serum from stroke patients reduced the secretion of IL-8, MCP-1 and Fractalkine (p Conclusion: Exposure of hPECs to serum from stroke patients alters their immunomodulatory properties. Higher severity of stroke leads to more protective response from hPECs by reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, while increasing the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors.
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- 2020
42. Abstract TP94: White Matter Tract Integrity After Vascular Insult: Longitudinal Analysis of Hemorrhagic vs Ischemic Lesions
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Kaushik Parsha, David Rosenbaum-Halevi, Parisa Asgarisabet, Muhammad E Haque, Seth B Boren, Sarah D George, Clark Sitton, Jaroslaw Aronowski, and Sean I Savitz
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Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,White matter ,Insult ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,cardiovascular diseases ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,media_common - Abstract
Introduction: White matter tract (WMT) injury occurs in patients with acute cerebrovascular disorders. In this study, we elucidate longitudinal differences in mechanism of injury and repair between ischemic stroke (ISC) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: Twenty patients (10 ISC and ICH) were prospectively imaged at 1, 3, and 12 months of onset on a 3T MRI. 3D anatomical and DTI images were obtained and integrity of the corticospinal tract (CST) assessed at the ipsi and contralesional posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC). Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD) and pixel volume were recorded. A linear regression model was applied for statistical analysis. Results: ISC group had 4 men, 6 women whereas ICH group had 7 men, 3 women, both with average age 52. Baseline NIHSS in ISC was 11 (IQR=4.5-20) and ICH 6 (IQR=2-13). All lesions were unilateral, hemispheric, completely subcortical or with a significant subcortical component. The average lesion and hematoma volume at 1 month was 37 and 39 cc in ISC and ICH, respectively. The MD in the PLIC of the ISC increased from 1 to 3m (P Conclusions: ISC and ICH display unique patterns of WMT changes over one year in which ICH injury reflects a compression of the CST that resolves over time, while in ISC our data show degeneration and microstructural injury. These changes reflect different mechanisms of injury and remodeling on a cellular level. A better understanding of these changes could improve recovery therapies. Larger studies are needed to better characterize long term WMT changes in IS and ICH.
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- 2020
43. Brain Cleanup as a Potential Target for Poststroke Recovery: The Role of RXR (Retinoic X Receptor) in Phagocytes
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Lidiya Obertas, Shun-Ming Ting, Mercedes Ricote, Guanghua Sun, Xiurong Zhao, Jaroslaw Aronowski, National Institutes of Health (United States), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and Fundación ProCNIC
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Phagocytosis ,Retinoid X receptors ,Inflammation ,Retinoid X receptor ,Brain Ischemia ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Receptor ,030304 developmental biology ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Mice, Knockout ,0303 health sciences ,Phagocytes ,Retinoid X Receptor alpha ,Microglia ,business.industry ,Macrophages ,Brain ,Stroke ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Bexarotene ,Cancer research ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background and Purpose— Phagocytic cells, such as microglia and blood-derived macrophages, are a key biological modality responsible for phagocytosis-mediated clearance of damaged, dead, or displaced cells that are compromised during senescence or pathological processes, including after stroke. This process of clearance is essential to eliminate the source of inflammation and to allow for optimal brain repair and functional recovery. Transcription factor, RXR (retinoic-X-receptor) is strongly implicated in phagocytic functions regulation, and as such could represent a novel target for brain recovery after stroke. Methods— Primary cultured microglia and bone marrow macrophages were used for phagocytic study. Mice with deleted RXR-α in myeloid phagocytes (Mac-RXR-α −/− ) were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion to mimic ischemic stroke and then treated with RXR agonist bexarotene. RNA-sequencing and long-term recovery were evaluated. Results— Using cultured microglia, we demonstrated that the RXR-α promotes the phagocytic functions of microglia toward apoptotic neurons. Using mice with deleted RXR-α in myeloid phagocytes (Mac-RXR-α −/− ), we have shown that despite behaving similarly to the control at early time points (up to 3 days, damage established histologically and behaviorally), these Mac-RXR-α −/− mice demonstrated worsened late functional recovery and developed brain atrophy that was larger in size than that seen in control mice. The RXR-α deficiency was associated with reduced expression of genes known to be under control of the prominent transcriptional RXR partner, PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor)-γ, as well as genes encoding for scavenger receptors and genes that signify microglia/macrophages polarization to a reparative phenotype. Finally, we demonstrated that the RXR agonist, bexarotene, administered as late as 1 day after middle cerebral artery occlusion, improved neurological recovery, and reduced the atrophy volume as assessed 28 days after stroke. Bexarotene did not improve outcome in Mac-RXR-α −/− mice. Conclusions— Altogether, these data suggest that phagocytic cells control poststroke recovery and that RXR in these cells represents an attractive target with exceptionally long therapeutic window.
- Published
- 2020
44. sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X20925667 - Supplemental material for Optimized lactoferrin as a highly promising treatment for intracerebral hemorrhage: Pre-clinical experience
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Xiurong Zhao, Kruzel, Marian, Ting, Shun-Ming, Guanghua Sun, Savitz, Sean I, and Jaroslaw Aronowski
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110320 Radiology and Organ Imaging ,FOS: Clinical medicine ,FOS: Biological sciences ,Medicine ,Cell Biology ,110305 Emergency Medicine ,110306 Endocrinology ,Biochemistry ,humanities ,69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified ,110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X20925667 for Optimized lactoferrin as a highly promising treatment for intracerebral hemorrhage: Pre-clinical experience by Xiurong Zhao, Marian Kruzel, Shun-Ming Ting, Guanghua Sun, Sean I Savitz and Jaroslaw Aronowski in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism
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- 2020
- Full Text
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45. Medications for Hypertension Change the Secretome Profile from Marrow Stromal Cells and Peripheral Blood Monocytes
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Natalia Wewior, Nikunj Satani, Dominique D. Norris, Sean I Savitz, Kaavya Giridhar, Jaroslaw Aronowski, and Chunyan Cai
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0301 basic medicine ,Stromal cell ,Article Subject ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Pharmacology ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,cardiovascular diseases ,Molecular Biology ,Stroke ,Internal medicine ,business.industry ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,Captopril ,Cell Biology ,medicine.disease ,Atenolol ,RC31-1245 ,030104 developmental biology ,Cytokine ,Losartan ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Research Article ,medicine.drug ,circulatory and respiratory physiology - Abstract
Marrow stromal cells (MSCs) are in different stages of clinical trials for stroke patients. MSCs are proposed to promote recovery through the release of secretomes that modulate the function of beneficial immune cells. The majority of stroke patients have comorbidities including hypertension, for which they are prescribed antihypertensive medications that might affect the function of MSCs, when they are administered in stroke patients. Here, we studied the effects of common antihypertensive medications on the secretomes of human MSCs and their modulation of human monocytes (Mo) derived from stroke patients. MTT assay was used to assess the proliferation of MSCs after they were exposed to increased levels of antihypertensive medications. MSCs were exposed to the following medications: atenolol, captopril, and losartan. Monocytes were isolated from stroke patients with NIHSS ranging from 11 to 20 and from healthy controls. MSC-Mo cocultures were established, and a secretome profile was analyzed using the Magpix Multiplex cytokine array from Luminex technology. The linear mixed-effect model was used for statistical analysis. All analyses were performed using SAS 9.4, and p values less than 0.05 were considered significant. At clinically relevant levels, there was no change in MSC proliferation after exposure to atenolol, captopril, or losartan. Atenolol increased IL-1RA in stroke-Mo and decreased IL-8 secretion from MSCs indicating an anti-inflammatory effect of atenolol on secretomes of these cells. Captopril increased IL-8 from stroke-Mo and increased IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 secretions from MSCs. Captopril also increased IL-6 secretion from cocultures of stroke-Mo and MSCs indicating a strong proinflammatory effect on MSCs and their interaction with Mo. Atenolol increased the secretion of IL-8 and MCP-1 while captopril increased the secretion of IL-6 and MCP-1 from MSCs. Losartan decreased the release of IL-6 from MSCs. Losartan reduced MCP-1 and TNF-α from stroke-Mo and reduced IL-8 from cocultures of stroke-Mo and MSCs. Our results show that antihypertensive medications such as atenolol, captopril, and losartan, at concentrations comparable to doses prescribed for patients hospitalized for acute stroke, modulate the secretome profile of MSCs and their modulatory effects on target immune cells. Our results suggest that stroke trials involving the use of intravenous MSCs should consider the effect of these antihypertensive drugs administered to stroke patients.
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- 2020
46. Basic and Translational Research in Intracerebral Hemorrhage
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Magdy Selim, Daniel Hanley, Joseph Broderick, Joshua N. Goldstein, Barbara A. Gregson, Guido Falcione, Nicole R. Gonzales, Edip Gurol, Jocelyn Kersten, Henry Lewkowicz, A. David Mendelow, Susanne Muehlschlegel, Richey Neuman, Yuko Palesch, Michael Rosenblum, Kevin N. Sheth, Vineeta Singh, Wendy Ziai, Richard F. Keep, Jaroslaw Aronowski, Curtis Genstler, Michael L. James, Rajiv Ratan, Lauren Sansing, Anna Youd, Guohua Xi, Marietta Zille, Craig Anderson, Issam Awad, Eric Bastings, Martin Bednar, Alexander L. Coon, Rebecca Gottesman, Bryan Katz, Saima Khan, James Koenig, Walter Koroshetz, Shari Ling, Christopher Loftus, John Lockhardt, Thomas Louis, John Marler, Claudia Moy, Carlos Peña, Charles Pollack, Laurel Omert, Monica Shah, Ashkan Shoamanesh, Michael Singer, Thorsten Steiner, Michel Torbey, Mike Tymianski, Ajay Wakhloo, Paul Vespa, Mario Zuccarello, and Xiaolin Zheng
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0301 basic medicine ,Translational research ,In Vitro Techniques ,Bioinformatics ,Article ,Translational Research, Biomedical ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Animals ,Medicine ,Cerebral Hemorrhage ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Intracerebral hemorrhage ,Hematoma ,business.industry ,Research ,Anticoagulants ,medicine.disease ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,Hypertension ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cerebral amyloid angiopathy ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Signal Transduction - Published
- 2018
47. Delivery of xenon-containing echogenic liposomes inhibits early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage
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Hyunggun Kim, James C. Grotta, Jaroslaw Aronowski, Melanie R. Moody, Tao Peng, Melvin E. Klegerman, David D. McPherson, Yi Feng Miao, and Shaoling Huang
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0301 basic medicine ,Xenon ,Subarachnoid hemorrhage ,medicine.medical_treatment ,lcsh:Medicine ,Neuroprotection ,Article ,Random Allocation ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Hematoma ,Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ,medicine.artery ,medicine ,Echogenic liposomes ,Animals ,Common carotid artery ,cardiovascular diseases ,lcsh:Science ,Saline ,Ultrasonography ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Ultrasound ,lcsh:R ,Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,3. Good health ,nervous system diseases ,Disease Models, Animal ,Drug Liberation ,Neuroprotective Agents ,030104 developmental biology ,Apoptosis ,Brain Injuries ,Anesthesia ,Liposomes ,Administration, Intravenous ,lcsh:Q ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Xenon (Xe), a noble gas, has promising neuroprotective properties with no proven adverse side-effects. We evaluated neuroprotective effects of Xe delivered by Xe-containing echogenic liposomes (Xe-ELIP) via ultrasound-controlled cerebral drug release on early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The Xe-ELIP structure was evaluated by ultrasound imaging, electron microscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Animals were randomly divided into five groups: Sham, SAH, SAH treated with Xe-ELIP, empty ELIP, or Xe-saturated saline. Treatments were administrated intravenously in combination with ultrasound application over the common carotid artery to trigger Xe release from circulating Xe-ELIP. Hematoma development was graded by SAH scaling and quantitated by a colorimetric method. Neurological evaluation and motor behavioral tests were conducted for three days following SAH injury. Ultrasound imaging and electron microscopy demonstrated that Xe-ELIP have a unique two-compartment structure, which allows a two-stage Xe release profile. Xe-ELIP treatment effectively reduced bleeding, improved general neurological function, and alleviated motor function damage in association with reduced apoptotic neuronal death and decreased mortality. Xe-ELIP alleviated early SAH brain injury by inhibiting neuronal death and bleeding. This novel approach provides a noninvasive strategy of therapeutic gas delivery for SAH treatment.
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- 2018
48. Association Between Splenic Contraction and the Systemic Inflammatory Response After Acute Ischemic Stroke Varies with Age and Race
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Sean I Savitz, Alicia Zha, Jaroslaw Aronowski, Farhaan S Vahidy, Thanh Cong Bui, Jaskaren Randhawa, and Kaushik Parsha
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Neurology ,Lymphocytosis ,Neutrophils ,Population ,Spleen ,Article ,Brain Ischemia ,Brain ischemia ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Leukocytes ,medicine ,Humans ,Lymphocytes ,education ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Vascular surgery ,medicine.disease ,Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ,Black or African American ,Stroke ,Systemic inflammatory response syndrome ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Neurosurgery ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Animal models have demonstrated the deleterious contribution of splenic immunocytes on secondary brain injury after stroke. While previous work has demonstrated splenic contraction (SC) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), no clinical studies have examined the relationship between the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) with SC in stroke patients. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of a previous prospective observational study where daily spleen sizes were evaluated in 178 acute stroke patients. Spleen contraction was based on previously established normograms of healthy volunteers from the same study. SC from the first 24 hrs of stroke onset was evaluated against criteria for SIRS for the first 5 days of admission after AIS. RESULTS: 91patients had verified AIS without concurrent infection at admission. SIRS was not associated with SC at admission. African American patients with early SIRS had higher odds of having SC. Older patients with persistent SIRS at 72 hrs had lower odds of SC. At 48 hrs, there was significantly higher lymphocytosis and lower neutrophils present in patients with SC. Patients with SIRS at 72 hrs were more likely to have worse discharge mRS. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence for an association among SC and SIRS in African American patients suggesting that spleen changes could be a biomarker for detecting SIRS in this population. Our data also indicate a counter association between SC and a lack of SIRS in patients older than 75. Further studies are needed to ascertain how age affects this association.
- Published
- 2017
49. Agonism of the α7-acetylcholine receptor/PI3K/Akt pathway promotes neuronal survival after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice
- Author
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Kanako Matsumura, Remya A Veettil, Jaroslaw Aronowski, Devin W. McBride, Pramod K. Dash, Ari Dienel, H. Alex Choi, T Peeyush Kumar, Andrey S. Tsvetkov, and Spiros Blackburn
- Subjects
Male ,Agonist ,animal structures ,alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ,medicine.drug_class ,Apoptosis ,Pharmacology ,Article ,Mice ,Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Galantamine ,medicine ,Animals ,cardiovascular diseases ,Receptor ,Protein kinase B ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,Neurons ,business.industry ,Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ,nervous system diseases ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ,Nicotinic agonist ,Neurology ,Knockout mouse ,business ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ,Signal Transduction ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) results in severe neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. Since the nicotinic acetylcholine α(7) receptors (α(7)-AChR) are involved in neuronal function and survival, we investigated if stimulation of α(7)-AChR would promote neuronal survival and improve behavioral outcome following SAH in mice. Male mice subjected to SAH were treated with either galantamine (α(7)-AChR agonist) or vehicle. Neurobehavioral testing was performed 24 hours after SAH, and mice were euthanized for analysis of neuronal cell death or a cell survival (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway. Neuron cell cultures were subjected to hemoglobin toxicity to assess the direct effects of α(7)-AChR agonism independent of other cells. Treatment with the α(7)-AChR agonist promoted neuronal survival and improved functional outcomes 24 hours post-SAH. The improved outcomes corresponded with increased PI3K/Akt activity. Antagonism of α(7)-AChR or PI3K effectively reversed galantamine’s beneficial effects. Tissue from α(7)-AChR knockout mice confirmed α(7)-AChR’s role in neuronal survival after SAH. Data from the neuronal cell culture experiment supported a direct effect of α(7)-AChR agonism in promoting cell survival. Our findings indicate that α(7)-AChR is a therapeutic target following SAH which can promote neuronal survival, thereby improving neurobehavioral outcome. Thus, the clinically relevant α(7)-AChR agonist, galantamine, might be a potential candidate for human use to improve outcome after SAH.
- Published
- 2021
50. Abstract 9: Autologous Bone Marrow Cells Might Repair Corticospinal Tracts in Stroke Patients
- Author
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Haque, Muhammad E, primary, Hasan, Khader M, additional, George, Sarah D, additional, Sitton, Clark W, additional, ArevaloEspejo, Octavio D, additional, Boren, Seth B, additional, Alderman, Susan, additional, Vahidy, Farhaan, additional, Gabr, Refaat, additional, Parsha, Kaushik N, additional, Rosenbaum, David P, additional, Zhang, Xu, additional, Jaroslaw, Aronowski, additional, Grotta, Jmaes, additional, and Savitz, Sean I, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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