Search

Studies have shown that the availability of food, access to it and an appropriate consumption of nutritionally adequate products are fundamental pillars for maintaining good health and are part of food security. The objective of this research is to propose the design and implementation of a vegetable and vegetable transformation plant in the Sinai parish, which allows to take advantage of the surpluses of agricultural production, providing them with an added value that facilitates their commercialization, seeking to improve the economy of the sector. Descriptive research was carried out. The results were obtained from surveys applied to the population of the city of Macas, therefore, it was possible to analyze that this parish does not have an efficient marketing regarding the agricultural sector and needs to implement a plant that enables the correct transformation and promotion of products., Estudios han demostrado que la disponibilidad de alimentos, el acceso a ellos y un consumo apropiado de productos nutricionalmente adecuados constituyen pilares fundamentales para conservar una buena salud y hacen parte de la seguridad alimentaria. El objetivo de esta investigación es proponer el diseño e implementación de una planta de trasformación de verduras y hortalizas en la parroquia Sinaí, que permita aprovechar los excedentes de la producción agrícola, brindándoles un valor agregado que facilite su comercialización buscando mejorar la economía del sector. Se trabajó con una investigación descriptiva. Los resultados se obtuvieron a partir de encuestas aplicadas a la población de la ciudad de Macas, por lo tanto, se pudo analizar que esta parroquia no posee una comercialización eficiente referente al sector agrario y necesita implementar una planta que posibilite la correcta trasformación y promoción de producto

The aim of this article was to analyze the application of monolithic zirconia in dental esthetics by means of a review of the literature of scientific articles found in the last 5 years in various scientific databases such as PubMed, Wiley, Elsevier, Scielo, Google Scholar. The PICOS analysis methodology was used for the literature search and review; in addition to the selection by inclusion and exclusion criteria, the quality of the studies was validated by the average citation count and the location of the journal in the Scimago ranking; obtaining a total of 69 articles. The results of the publications indicate that monolithic zirconium has a great goodness to be used in esthetic areas because it has excellent characteristics and advantages for this area, providing in its elaboration process a lot of precision, occupies less space unlike other ceramics and the most important thing is that it has a good resistance and a natural appearance of the tooth, the esthetic quality of zirconium compared to other ceramics is unquestionable with a high esthetic potential unlike ceramics on metal, a better fit than feldspathic porcelain reducing the risk of chipping., El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar la aplicación del zirconio monolítico en estética dental, por medio de una revisión bibliográfica de artículos científicos encontrados en los 5 últimos años en diversas bases científicas como PubMed, Wiley, Elsevier, Scielo, Google Scholar. Para la búsqueda y revisión de la literatura se utilizó la metodología de análisis PICOS; además de la selección mediante criterios de inclusión y exclusión, la calidad de los estudios se validó mediante el promedio de conteo de citas y la ubicación de la revista en el ranking Scimago; obteniendo un total de 69 artículos. Los resultados de las publicaciones indican que el zirconio monolítico tiene una gran bondad para ser utilizado en zonas estéticas debido a que cuenta con excelentes características y ventajas para esta zona, al brindar en su proceso de elaboración mucha precisión, ocupa menos espacio a diferencia de otras cerámicas y lo más importante es que posee una buena resistencia y un aspecto natural del diente, la calidad de estética del zirconio comparado con otras cerámicas es indudable con un alto potencial estético a diferencia de cerámicas sobre metal, un mejor ajuste que la porcelana feldespática reduciendo el riesgo de desconchado.

Objective: the main objective is to search for articles that analize the fracture resistence of materials frequently used for making temporary crowns over dental implants. Materials and methods: the pubmed and Cochrane data bases were used for the research, in order to find articles about the fracture resistence of diferent techniques, cad cam and conventional techniques, for making temporary crowns over dental implants. The PICOS system was used to determine the main features of articles during the research. The PICOS system is part of the PRISMA recomendations for systematic reviews and metanalysis. Results: three studies accomplised with the selection criteria previously determined, they used temporary materials such as PMMA, acrylic resins to analize the fracture resistence to compression and thermocycling. Two of the studies made temporary crowns, and the last one used a temporary material block. The results were: in the fist study to PMMA: 3034.3 (Tooth – P) and 1602.9 N (Tooth – T), in the group TiBase 1510.5 (TiBase – P) and 963.6 N (TiBase – T), in the group Chair 1609.4 (Chair – P) and 1253.0 N (Chair – T). In the second study Cerasmart G.C., in the group CHAIR 977. N, in the group LAB 1130.6 N and in the group TOOTH 1893. 0 N. The third study Yilmaz compared ten PMMA temporary material and acrylic resins, he found an average range to fracture the crown of 789 to 1380 nw. Conclussions: the results demonstrated that it doesn't depend on the technique, but it does the material used, for instance cadcam materials are more resistent in a long term compared to conventional materials and conventional techniques under mechanic fatigue and thermocycling.

The present undergraduate thesis consists of the design of the municipal cemetery for the city of Zaruma. The objective is to propose an infrastructure that will satisfy the needs of the current and future population due to the current demographic growth. The design process followed several steps. First, a historical analysis allowed to understand the functional and formal concept of a cemetery as well as the evolution of different cultural practices during the time. Second, the development of two case studies provided with tools to solve problems regarding the topography of the site and formal aspects of a cemetery. Finally, a pre-feasibility study was developed to propose an infrastructure that provides of a public service to the city as well as an independent company that will function independently from the local government. These analyses consist on the basis to propose the architectural program as well as the architectural and urban strategies. This research concludes in the application of these strategies and program into the project. The result is an infrastructure with the characteristics already mentioned that aim to solve the needs of the inhabitants of Zaruma.

Introduction. Aedes aegypti is the most important mosquito species in America for the transmission of viruses of dengue, Zika, Chikungunya and yellow fever. Ecological factors as well as chemical controls can affect the genetic composition of Ae. aegypti populations, which is why its genetic characterization is necessary.Objective. To determine the genetic variability of Ae. aegypti populations in four municipalities of Sucre department, Colombia.Materials and methods. Larvae of Ae. aegypti, collected in the municipalities of Sincelejo, Sampués, Corozal and Guaranda, Sucre department, were reared under laboratory conditions to adult stage. A segment of the mitochondrial ND4 gene which codes for the subunit 4 of the enzyme NADH-dehydrogenase was used as genetic marker. The genetic analysis included the estimation of parameters of nucleotide and haplotype diversity, genetic structure and gene flow.Results. One hundred and eight partial sequences of 357 nucleotides and four nucleotide haplotypes of the ND4 gene of Ae. aegypti were obtained. A significantly high genetic differentiation was found between the Sampués and Guaranda populations (FST=0.59467), Sincelejo and Sampués (FST=0.25637), and Corozal and Guaranda (FST=0.22237). A high gene flow (Nm=infinite) was observed among the populations of Sincelejo and Corozal.Conclusion. There are genetic differences between the Ae. aegypti populations from the municipalities of Sucre department. The presence of a new haplotype of the mitochondrial ND4 gene of Ae. aegypti in Colombia was recorded, detected in the municipality of Sincelejo., Introducción. Aedes aegypti es la especie de mosquito de mayor relevancia en América por transmitir los virus del dengue, del Zika, del chikungunya y de la fiebre amarilla. Tanto factores ecológicos como el control químico, pueden influir en la composición genética de las poblaciones de Ae. aegypti, por lo cual es necesaria su caracterización.Objetivo. Determinar la variabilidad genética de las poblaciones de Ae. aegypti en cuatro municipios del departamento de Sucre, Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Larvas de Ae. aegypti, recolectadas en los municipios de Sincelejo, Sampués, Corozal y Guaranda del departamento de Sucre, fueron criadas en laboratorio hasta el estado adulto. Como marcador genético, se utilizó un segmento del gen mitocondrial ND4, que codifica para la subunidad 4 de la enzima NADH-deshidrogenasa. El análisis genético incluyó la estimación de parámetros de diversidad de nucleótidos, haplotipos, de estructura genética y de flujo de genes.Resultados. Se obtuvieron 108 secuencias parciales de 357 nucleótidos y cuatro haplotipos de nucleótidos del gen ND4 de Ae. aegypti. Se encontró una diferenciación genética significativamente alta entre las poblaciones de Sampués y Guaranda mediante el índice de fijación (FST=0,59467), las de Sincelejo y Sampués (FST= 0,25637), y las de Corozal y Guaranda (FST= 0,22237). Se evidenció un gran flujo de genes (Nm=infinito) entre las poblaciones de Sincelejo y Corozal.Conclusión. Existen diferencias genéticas entre las poblaciones del mosquito Ae. aegypti de los municipios del departamento de Sucre. Se registra la presencia de un nuevo haplotipo del gen mitocondrial ND4 de Ae. aegypti en Colombia, el cual fue detectado en el municipio de Sincelejo.

Unerupted third molar extraction is the most common surgical procedure in dentistry due to the known association with the development of different pathological conditions. That is why most of the times they are removed for prophylactic reasons, taking interceptive or preventive action to avoid the appearance of unwanted clinical symptoms in the patient. For the diagnostic and treatment plan done previously to the third molar extraction, it is necessary to take a panoramic radiography of the patient, afterwards the course of action is decided. For this we propose the use of a new classification written by Sandhu & Kaur, this allows us to determine the third molar inclination with the adjacent second molar. The general objective of this study was to establish the prevalence of mandibular third molars with the basis of the classification proposed by Sandhu & Kaur; 400 panoramic radiographs, obtained from the Centro de Rayos X & Imagen were observed, which resulted in the study of 688 inferior third molars. The results showed a bigger prevalence of the mesioangular position in both genders, as well as in the 17 to 26 years age group; while the over 26 years age group resulted in the vertical position being the most numerous one. The data obtained matches the revised scientific evidence for this study.

Introduction: Aedes aegypti is the principal vector of dengue in urban areas. Despite its epidemiological importance, the genetic variability of Colombian populations of this species is unknown.Objetive: To determine the genetic variability of mitocondrial gene ND4, which codes for subunit 4 of the enzyme NADH deshydrogenase, between populations of Ae. aegypti from municipalities of Sincelejo and Guaranda. The incidences of dengue reported from these two localities are high and low, respectively.Materials and methods: Genetic material extracted from 36 females of Ae. aegypti was used to determine the partial sequence of the mitocondrial gene ND4 as well as to estimate the parameters of nucleotidic and haplotypic diversities, genetic structure and gene flow between the Sincelejo and Guaranda populations. The molecular variance was also analysed and a haplotypic network constructed.Results: In all 36 nucleotide sequences of 282pb were obtained. These presented 12 polymorphic sites and could grouped into 10 haplotypes, two of them present in both populations, three exclusive to the Sincelejo population and five to that of Guaranda. The estimators of genetic structure (FST = 0.15)and gene flow (Nm = 1.40) are both indicative of genetic differentiation and a limited exchange of genes between the populations.Conclusions: The Sincelejo and Guaranda populations of Ae. aegypti are genetically divergent. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v33i0.1573, Introducción. Aedes aegypti es el principal vector del dengue en zonas urbanas. A pesar de su importancia epidemiológica, se desconoce la variabilidad genética de las poblaciones del vector en Colombia.Objetivo. Determinar la variabilidad genética del gen mitocondrial ND4, que codifica para la subunidad 4 de la enzima NADH-deshidrogenasa, entre poblaciones de Ae. aegypti de los municipios de Sincelejo y Guaranda, donde se registra alta y baja incidencia de dengue, respectivamente.Materiales y métodos. A partir del material genético extraído de 36 hembras de Ae. aegypti, se determinó la secuencia parcial del gen mitocondrial ND4 y se estimaron los parámetros de diversidad de nucleótidos, diversidad haplotípica, estructura genética y flujo de genes entre las poblaciones de Sincelejo y Guaranda. También, se analizó la varianza molecular y se construyó una red haplotípica.Resultados. Se obtuvieron 36 secuencias de nucleótidos de 282 pb; éstas presentaron doce sitios polimórficos y se agruparon en diez haplotipos, dos presentes en ambas poblaciones, tres exclusivos de la población de Sincelejo y cinco de la población de Guaranda. Los estimadores de estructura genética (FST=0,15) y de flujo de genes (Nm=1,40) evidencian diferenciación genética y un limitado intercambio de genes entre las poblaciones.Conclusión. Las poblaciones de Ae. aegypti de Sincelejo y Guaranda son genéticamente divergentes. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v33i0.1573

Antecedentes: La Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño (AOS) es un trastorno respiratorio del sueño común en la población general que es considerada un factor de riesgo para enfermedades cardiovasculares y neurocognitivas, sin embargo, las variantes genéticas asociadas a AOS aún no han sido totalmente establecidas. Objetivo: Identificar las regiones cromosómicas asociadas a la AOS mediante un Estudio de Asociación de Genoma Completo (GWAS) para el diagnóstico en medicina de precisión. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal con orientación al análisis de casos y controles. Se seleccionaron 400 pacientes con diagnóstico polisomnográfico para trastornos del sueño. Posteriormente, se recolectaron muestras de sangre o saliva, se realizó la extracción de ADN y las muestras fueron enviadas a Cincinnati Children´s Hospital Medical Center para análisis GWAS utilizando Illuminia Infinum CoreExome. Mediante herramientas de “machine learning”, se realizó la asociación de variables aplicando el Análisis de Componentes Principales (PCA) y el test Cochran-Armitage trend. Se realizaron análisis de Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) y cálculos para determinar la frecuencia de los alelos en la muestra comparados con la población (alelos de mayor y menor frecuencia). Para validar las variantes genéticas estadísticamente significativas en GWAS, se realizó un análisis de correlación de modelos multivariables. Resultados: Después de realizar los análisis de PCA y HWE, un total de 336 muestras fueron incluidas (205 casos y 129 controles), evaluando 542,585 SNP´s para cada paciente. Se encontraron 17 SNPs asociados significativamente con riesgo o protección para AOS (P < 0.00001). Se localizaron 3 regiones cromosómicas asociadas con riesgo de presentar AOS: SERPINE2 (p=1.19E-05 OR=2.132), EHMT1 (p=3.20E-05 OR=2.061) y rs6497103 (p=1.73E-05 OR=2.078); mientras que las restantes se consideraron como regiones cromosómicas protectoras para el desarrollo de