Objective: To calculate the levels of different cardiovascular risk factors among 9 and 10 year old schoolchildren in the city of Cuenca., Design: An observational crossover study (cross-sectional)., Setting: The community: three state schools in the city of Cuenca., Participants: 156 boys and 151 girls doing 4th and 5th year EGB (basic)., Measurements and Main Results: As well as socio-demographic variables, the following anthropometric variables were determined: weight, height, body mass index (Khosla-Lowe index), systolic and diastolic blood pressure. After collecting samples of venous blood after 12 to 14 hours fasting, overall cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were determined. The average levels of the lipidic parameters measured in mgrs/dl for men and women respectively were 182.4 and 187.2 for overall cholesterol, 110.9 and 117.0 for LDL-cholesterol, 60.9 and 58.1 for HDL-cholesterol and 53.4 and 61.3 for triglycerides. These differences were statistically significant in all the parameters except overall cholesterol. Neither the pressure levels nor the anthropometric variables showed significant differences between genders., Conclusions: The lipid levels found in our study for both for male and female schoolchildren display the highest cardiovascular risk levels yet observed in Spain. The blood pressure levels are also among the highest published in our country.