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Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:46:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-11-24 Fundação Agrisus Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) In the context of sustainable tropical agriculture, an innovative corn (Zea mays L.) to silage-grass-legume intercropping system can promotes plant diversity, improves agronomic performance and land-use efficiency, and increases the yield of oversown black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to silage in succession. Thus, during three growing seasons on a Typic Haplorthox in Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil, four treatments of a corn to silage production system were implemented in summer/autumn with black oat oversown in winter/spring: (1) corn intercropped with palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha “Marandu”) and black oat overseeded in lines; (2) corn intercropped with palisade grass and black oat overseeded in a broadcast system with superficial incorporation; (3) corn intercropped with palisade grass + pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] and black oat overseeded in lines; and (4) corn intercropped with palisade grass + pigeon pea and black oat overseeded in a broadcast system with superficial incorporation. During winter/spring, the black oat pastures were grazed by lambs, but results on forage allowance and nutritive value for animal grazing and on animal performance are not reported in the present manuscript. In the fourth growing season, the effect of soybean to silage intercropped with guinea grass (Panicum maximum “Aruana”), with only a residual effect of the four production systems from the previous three growing seasons, was evaluated. Despite greater interspecific competition of palisade grass and pigeon pea intercropped with corn, this more complex system produced better results. Thus, when analyzing this system as a whole, the triple intercrop (corn + pigeon pea + palisade grass) combined with oversown black oat in lines was the most effective option for silage production and for the improvement of other elements of system productivity, such higher surface mulch quantity, leaf nutrient concentrations, and yield of soybean to silage intercropped with guinea grass. This intercrop also generated better nutrient cycling because an increased quantity of nutrients was retained in standing plant residue and surface mulch, which resulted in better land- and nutrient-use efficiency, with an emphasis on nitrogen and potassium. Department of Animal Nutrition and Breeding School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Crop Science College of Agricultural Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Soil Science College of Engineering São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Biostatistics Plant Biology Parasitology and Zoology Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Department of Animal Nutrition and Breeding School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Crop Science College of Agricultural Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Soil Science College of Engineering São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Biostatistics Plant Biology Parasitology and Zoology Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Fundação Agrisus: 1378/14 Fundação Agrisus: 1387/14 FAPESP: 2013/13702-3 FAPESP: 2013/23853-9 FAPESP: 2014/12950-6 FAPESP: 2014/14935-4 FAPESP: 2014/21772-4 FAPESP: 2015/25413-1 FAPESP: 2015/25718-7 FAPESP: 2017/05044-7 CNPq: 458225/2014-2

Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:40:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-04-23. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:35:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0006-87052018000200348.pdf: 358042 bytes, checksum: 4a1a824c4d9939542af71b45e86bcd2f (MD5) São Paulo Research Foundation Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a commercial seed crop grown for its good yield of high-quality oil. It is tolerant to water stress but may be sensitive to soil compaction. The aim of this study was to assess safflower growth under different degrees of soil compaction at depths of 0.15 m to 0.20 m. The experiment was carried out in PVC pots constructed from three rings. Five levels of penetration resistance (0.20, 0.33, 0.50, 0.93, and 1.77 MPa) were applied in the intermediate ring, and two safflower genotypes, IMA-4904 and IMA-2106, were examined. There was no difference between safflower genotypes with respect to their resistance to soil compaction, which reduced root length density in the compacted layer and changed the root distribution in the soil profile, but did not prevent the roots from crossing the compacted layer and developing in depth. Increased soil bulk density in the compacted layer increased root diameter of the IMA-2106 genotype. Penetration resistance levels over 0.20 MPa (density of 1.2 mg.dm–3) limited safflower root development. The maximum safflower growth occurred when the soil penetration resistance was 0.86 MPa. In this study, the Q1/2 index was higher than 1.77 and 1.55 for the IMA-2106 and IMA-4904 genotypes, respectively. Hence, safflower has proven to be tolerant to soil compaction, and stands out as a species with potential to decrease soil bulk density. Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho”, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho”, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas São Paulo Research Foundation: 2014/10656–3; 2016/14323–4

Objective The objective was to characterize the fermentative and microbiological profile of Tifton 85 bermudagrass haylage with different layers of polyethylene film and storage time. METHODS The experimental design consisted of a randomized block design with four and six wrapping layers (100 and 150 microns in total. respectively) allocated in the main plots, through repeated measures analysis (30, 60, and 90 days of storage) with four replicates. RESULTS The storage time and number of wrapping layers did not show changes in the population of Clostridium and lactic acid bacteria. A decrease was observed in the enterobacteria population with an increase in the storage period in the two wrapping layers studied. Upon opening of the haylage at 30 days, the population of Bacillus was lower in haylages made with six layers of wrapping (3.63 log colony forming units/g). No growth of Listeria sp. or Salmonella sp. was observed during the experimental period. The fungal genera with a greater occurrence were Penicillium sp. and Fusarium sp. The following mycotoxins were not detected: ochratoxin A, fumonisins, and zearalenone. Relative to the organic butyric, propionic, and acetic acids, the haylages presented a low concentration of lactic acid; this may have prevented a drop in the pH, which was high when the silos were opened (5.4). The levels of ammoniacal nitrogen and soluble carbohydrates presented no variation among the number of wrapping layers, with an overall average of 35.55 and 38.04 g/kg. CONCLUSION Tifton 85 bermudagrass haylage wrapped with four and six layers presented adequate fermentation and microbiological characteristics in the evaluated periods.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of biodigester treatment on the microbiological characteristics of swine wastewater (SW) at the production and storage sites, and to characterize and compare the microbiological composition of the soil, organic matter, and plants in the area of hay and haylage production. The area has been planted with Tifton 85 grass for eight years; and is exclusively intended for hay and haylage production, SW was used as the only fertilizer source. The experimental design was completely randomized with subdivided plotsin timeand five replications; the plots were the main areas of the SW in natura (affluent), the biodigester outlet (effluent), the storage pond, and the area of Tifton 85 production, which included the soil, plant residue on the soil surface (organic matter), and the aerial parts of the grasseswith subplots in the rainy and dry seasons. The microbial count in the SW was reduced during the treatment process, with higher counts in the affluent, and lower countsin the effluent and storage pond. The SW treatment was efficient in reducing the microbial population. The populations of Bacillus and Clostridiumwere influenced by the season of the year, with larger populations during the rainy season (summer) than during the dry season (winter). The mold genera identified in the SW area were Penicillium, Rhizopus, Fusarium, Helminthosporium, and Phoma. The genera Penicillium, Rhizopus, Fusarium, Cladosporium, Helminthosporium, Bipolaris, Phoma, Aspergillus, and Trichoderma were found in the area of Tifton 85 production.

This study aimed to evaluate the fractionation of carbohydrates and protein of grass hay Tifton 85 bermudagrass under two cutting heights in relation to ground level (0.04 and 0.08 m) during 120 days of storage. Samples were collected in the baling and hay stored in shed at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of storage, after, it was subjected to laboratory procedures, in which the levels of soluble carbohydrates were determined, carbohydrate fractionation and protein fractionation. The results were studied in a randomized complete block design with split plot with two treatments allocated the plots: cutting height of 0.04 to 0.08 m from the ground and five times in the subplots: baling, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of storage hay, with five repetitions. The soluble carbohydrate concentration hay responded in a quadratic manner to the storage time for cutting heights of 0.04 and 0.08 m above soil level; minimum values of 11.53 and 10.70 g kg-1 of DM were estimated for 93.44 and 91.16 storage days, respectively. The carbohydrate fraction A + B1 responded negatively linear to periods of storage evaluated in both cutting heights. The contents of the carbohydrate fraction B2 and proteins A and C exhibited a positive linear response to storage time for a cutting height of 0.04 m and a quadratic effect for hay cutting height at 0.08 m above soil level, with an opposite behavior for both cutting heights for the B1 protein levels and C carbohydrate fraction. The B2 fraction showed a negative linear response as a function of storage time, with a reduction in the fraction of 0.09 and 0.11 percentage units for each day of storage, for hay cutting height of 0.04 and 0.08 m, respectively. The B3 fraction responded quadratically to the storage time, the two studied cutting heights. The storage of Tifton 85 hay cut at 0.04 m above soil level for 120 days leads to a decrease in fractions of rapid ruminal degradation and increase of the indigestible fraction in carbohydrate and protein fractions. Based on the results obtained it is recommended the cutting of the Tifton 85 bermuda grass forage to produce hay at 0.08 m and its storage up to 30 days provided that under ideal conditions. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o fracionamento de carboidratos e proteína do feno de capim Tifton 85 sob duas alturas de corte em relação ao nível do solo (0.04 e 0.08 m), durante 120 dias de armazenamento. Foram coletadas amostras no enfardamento e no feno armazenado em galpão aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias de armazenamento. Após foram submetidas a procedimentos laboratoriais, onde foram determinados os teores de carboidratos solúveis, fracionamento de carboidrato e fracionamento de proteína. Os resultados foram estudados sob o delineamento em blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas no tempo com 2 tratamentos alocados nas parcelas: altura de corte de 0.04 e 0.08 m do solo e cinco tempos nas subparcelas: enfardamento, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias de armazenamento do feno, com cinco repetições. A concentração de carboidratos solúveis respondeu de forma quadrática ao tempo de armazenamento, para altura de corte de 0.04 e 0.08 m do solo, estimando-se valores de mínima de 11.53 e 10.70 g kg-1 de MS aos 93.44 e 91.16 dias de armazenamento, respectivamente. A fração de carboidrato A + B1, respondeu de forma linear negativa aos períodos de armazenamento avaliados nas duas alturas de corte, não diferindo entre as alturas. Os teores da fração de carboidratos B2 e de proteína A e C apresentaram resposta linear positiva em função do tempo de armazenamento para altura de corte a 0.04 m e efeito quadrático para altura de corte do feno a 0.08 m do solo, sendo observado comportamento inverso em ambas as alturas de corte para os teores protéicos B1 e de carboidratos fração C. A fração proteica B2 apresentou resposta linear negativa em função do tempo de armazenamento, com redução da fração de 0,09 e 0,11 unidades percentuais a cada dia de armazenamento, para altura de corte do feno a 0.04 e 0.08 m, respectivamente. A fração B3 respondeu de forma quadrática ao tempo de armazenamento, nas duas alturas de corte estudadas. O armazenamento dofeno de capim Tifton 85 cortado a 0.04 m de altura do solo, durante 120 dias, ocasiona diminuição das frações de rápida degradação ruminal e aumento da fração indigestível, nos fracionamentos de carboidratos e de proteína. Recomenda-se o corte da forrageira Tifton 85 para produção de feno a 0.08 m e seu armazenamento até 30 dias em condições ideais.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of swine wastewater (SW), and its effect on the chemical attributes of soil and plants in a long-term experiment. The area was designed for an 8-year hay production, using Tifton 85 grass (Cynodon spp.), with an average annual application of 360 m3 ha-1, divided into 6 applications. Also, soil chemical composition was evaluated at 0.0-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m of depth, and the chemical composition of plant and vegetable materials on the ground were evaluated for two months (November and June). Concentrations of N, Ca, and Cu in SW did not decrease from the affluent to the storage lagoon. It was observed that the content of Cu, Zn, and Mn was classified as in excess in soil that could be a consequence of high levels of these micronutrients utilized in rations of swine in the SW supplier farm, mainly in the rations of piglets combined with a low extraction of these nutrients by plants. In relation to micronutrients and P (46.08 mg dm-3) in the soil, these should be evaluated in greater depth than performed in the present study, because the concentrations did not vary considerably among depths and were high. The concentrations of Cu and Zn were high in shoot plants with an average of 133.0 and 139.30 mg kg-1, respectively. The continuous use of SW should be monitored continuously through analyses of soil and waste, and alternatives must be researched to reduce the concentration of micronutrients and P in SW. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição química da água residuária da suinocultura (ARS) e efeito nos atributos químicos do solo e planta em um experimento de longa duração. A área destina-se a 8 anos a produção de feno de capim Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.), com aplicação média anual de 360 m3 ha-1 dividida em 6 aplicações. Também se avaliou a composição química do solo em duas profundidades 0,0-0,20 e 0,20-0,40 m de profundidade e a composição química da planta e material vegetal sobre o solo, avaliada em duas épocas do ano (novembro e junho). As concentrações de nitrogênio, cálcio e cobre da ARS não reduziram do afluente até a lagoa de armazenamento. Ressalta-se que os teores de Cu, Zn e Mn foram classificados como em excesso no solo, que pode ser consequência dos elevados níveis destes nutrientes na ração dos suínos na granja fornecedora da ARS, principalmente na ração de leitões aliado a baixa extração destes nutrientes pelas plantas. Com relação aos micronutrientes e o fósforo (46,08 mg dm-3) no solo estes deverão ser avaliados em profundidades maiores, superiores ao presente estudo em função das concentrações não variarem muito entre profundidades e se mostrarem elevadas. As concentrações de cobre e zinco foram elevadas na parte aérea das plantas com médias de 133,0 e 139,30 mg kg-1, respectivamente. O uso contínuo de ARS deverá ter monitoramento contínuo através de análises de solo e do dejeto e alternativas devem ser buscadas no sentido de reduzir a concentração de micronutrientes e fósforo na ARS.

Agricultural management systems are needed to simultaneously enhance production, and improve soil quality. We investigated the effects of intercropped grass on production of corn (Zea mays L.) harvested for silage at 0.20 and 0.45 m height in the summer, as well as on production of subsequent forage, silage soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and soil responses on a Typic Haplorthox in Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Palisade grass [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. Webster ‘Marandu’] was the introduced companion crop with corn (Years 1 and 2), while signal grass [Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. Webster ‘Basilisk’] was the residual weedy species in comparison. Guinea grass [Urochloa maxima (Jacq.) R. Webster ‘Aruana’] was the introduced companion crop with soybean (Year 3), with only a residual effect of crop systems from the previous 2 yr. When cut at 0.45 m compared with 0.20 m height, corn intercropped with palisade grass had greater leaf nutrient concentrations, agronomic characteristics, forage mass of pasture for grazing by lambs (Ovis aries), greater surface mulch produced, and greater quantity of N, P, and K returned to soil. Greater soil organic matter, P, K, and Mg concentration, and base saturation in the surface soil depth and lower soil penetration resistance at all depths occurred at 0.45 m than at 0.20 m corn silage cutting height intercropped with palisade grass. Analyzing the system as a whole, harvesting corn silage crop with palisade grass intercrop at 0.45 m height was the most viable option in this integrated crop–livestock system (ICLS).

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:16:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-05-01 Kansas State University Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Integrated crop–livestock–forest systems (ICLFS) have potential advantages compared to monoculture, but most studies quantifying plant biomass in integrated production systems, have quantified only the aboveground component rather than the total biomass. The objective of this study was to investigate the ecological interactions of Eucalyptus trees intercropped with palisade grass in a tropical region. The study was conducted in an 8-year-old ICLFS in which Eucalyptus trees were introduced into a palisade grass pasture [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) R. Webster ‘Marandu’]. Samples were collected at four locations from the Eucalyptus trees: 0.0 (planting line), 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 m (middle of the plots). A monoculture palisade grass pasture was included for comparison. The addition of Eucalyptus in the pasture reduced the forage yield, root length density, root density and root diameter of palisade grass close to the Eucalyptus trees. Eucalyptus roots were more abundant near the trees, and decreased with distance from the tree at soil depths up to 1.0 m. The total amount of roots decreased by 36 % with the addition of the forest component compared with the monoculture pasture, i.e., 11.6 Mg ha−1 in the ICLFS compared with 18.4 Mg ha−1 in the pasture. In the ICLFS, the proportion of palisade grass roots in the soil profile increased with distance from the tree line. However, the high degree of competition in root development in the ICLFS resulted in 20% lower root length and fine roots densities compared with monoculture pasture in the upper 0–0.20 m soil layer. São Paulo State University UNESP, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780 Advanced Research Center of Rubber Tree and Agroforestry Systems Agronomic Institute/IAC Kansas State University, Dep. of Agronomy São Paulo State University UNESP, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780 FAPESP: 2013/08664-5 FAPESP: 2014/10656-3 FAPESP: 2016/14323-4

This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological profile and aerobic stability of grass silage Tifton 85, with or without vacuum, and with or without microbial inoculants. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 2 factorial design, where the treatments included five replicates, with and without vacuum or addition of inoculants. The inoculum consisted of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), specifically Lactobacillus acidophilus, at a concentration of 3 x 109 CFU mL-1 per mL. The analyzed variables included the microbiological profile after opening the silage, as well as the aerobic stability at the time of opening on the sixth day of the silage's exposure to oxygen. It was found that no variation occurred in the population of lactic acid bacteria between the applied treatments. The Bacillus population was lower irrespective of the inoculant application, since it was applied in vacuum. When the population of Clostridium was applied, there was a reduction in the inoculant population in the vacuum system compared to that of the non-vacuum system. Without applying the inoculant, there was also a reduction in the population of Clostridium in the non-vacuum system. The yeast population showed linear growth in all of the evaluated treatments from the first to the sixth day of exposure to air, which may have contributed to the high temperatures observed during the air exposure period. There was no growth of fungi in the silage during the period of exposure to oxygen. The breaking of the aerobic stability occurred from the 3rd day after opening the silage. The pH was below the level that is considered to be good for silage preservation at the time of opening. In addition, during the exposure to oxygen, the same phenomenon occurred with the temperature, which demonstrated a quadratic behavior during the study period. Under the conditions evaluated, Tifton 85 bermudagrass silage lost its stability after the third day of exposure to air. A pesquisa objetivou avaliar o perfil microbiológico e a estabilidade aeróbia em silagens de capim Tifton 85, a vácuo e sem vácuo, adicionados ou não inoculante microbiano. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x2, sendo os tratamentos com e sem vácuo e com e sem adição de inoculante, com cinco repetições. O inoculante era composto por bactérias ácido láticas (BAL): Lactobacillus acidophilus, na concentração de 3 x 109 UFC ml-1 de células viáveis por ml do produto. As variáveis analisadas foram o perfil microbiológico após abertura da silagem e a estabilidade aeróbia da abertura ao sexto dia de exposição da silagem ao oxigênio. Verificou-se que não houve variação na população de bactérias láticas entre os tratamentos aplicados. A população de Bacillus foi inferior tanto com aplicação quanto sem aplicação de inoculante desde que aplicado o vácuo. A população de Clostridium quando aplicado o inoculante, o sistema a vácuo reduziu a população em comparação ao sistema sem vácuo. Sem a aplicação de inoculante o sistema sem vácuo reduziu a população de Clostridium. A população de leveduras apresentou tendência a crescimento linear em todos os tratamentos avaliados do primeiro ao sexto dia de exposição ao oxigênio o que pode ter contribuído para as altas temperaturas observadas no período de exposição ao ar. Não se observou crescimento de fungos nas silagens durante o período de exposição ao ar. A quebra da estabilidade aeróbia ocorreu a partir do 3º dia após abertura da silagem. O pH ficou abaixo do preconizado para uma boa conservação da silagem na abertura e durante a exposição aooxigênio, com comportamento quadrático, o mesmo ocorrendo com a temperatura no período avaliado. Silagens de capimtifton 85 nas condições avaliadas perdem a estabilidade após o terceiro dia de exposição ar.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:07:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-02-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Integrated crop-livestock systems in regions with dry winters could be a viable option to increase food production during periods of irregular rain and reduced pasture availability. A corn (Zea mays L.) silage production system with cover crops of (a) the weedy growth of signal grass [Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. Webster “Basilisk”] and (b) palisade grass [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. Webster ‘Marandu’ and ‘Piatã’], both with a 0.20- and 0.45-m silage cutting height, was employed in the summer and autumn. Yellow oat (Avena byzantina cv. São Carlos) was oversown in these systems in the winter and spring. The pasture production, the daily ration intake, the performance and carcass characteristics of lambs (Ovis aries) grazing these pastures in a semi-feedlot system (supplemented with silage and concentrate), and the revenue were investigated. The experiment was repeated in the same location for two growing seasons (2010–2011 and 2011–2012) on a Typic Haplorthox in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. Analyzing the system as a whole, intercropping corn silage with palisade grass cv. Marandu (followed by palisade grass cv. Piatã) with a cutting height of 0.45 m combined with yellow oat oversowing was the most robust option for enhancing productivity. The pasture formation for lamb finishing in a semi-feedlot system, the reduction of silage and concentrate intake, and greater live weight and carcass gains per hectare were key attributes for improving the economic viability of this integrated crop-livestock system. Thus, these crop systems were a viable option for the diversification of agricultural activities in tropical regions. São Paulo State University (UNESP) College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Animal Nutrition and Breeding UNESP College of Agricultural Science Department of Crop Science UNESP College of Agricultural Science Department of Economy Sociology and Technology UNESP College of Engineering Department of Biology and Animal Science University of the West of São Paulo (UNOESTE) University of São Paulo (USP) College of Agriculture USDA–ARS North Carolina State Univ., 3218 Williams Hall, Campus Box 7619 São Paulo State University (UNESP) College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Animal Nutrition and Breeding UNESP College of Agricultural Science Department of Crop Science UNESP College of Agricultural Science Department of Economy Sociology and Technology UNESP College of Engineering Department of Biology and Animal Science FAPESP: 2010/12992-0 FAPESP: 2011/03662-9 FAPESP: 2011/12155-3 FAPESP: 2012/04458-9

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:56:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 Soil carbon (C) sequestration has been considered as a tool for mitigating increased atmospheric CO2. The soil C sink can be increased by the use of no-tillage, cover crops, crop rotations, and integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS). ICLS is a strategy that replaces degraded pastures with silvopastoral systems to mitigate land degradation, but effects on soil biology are unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Eucalyptus integrated with palisade grass on the soil microbial community and activity in the tropics. The study was conducted on an 8-year-old ICLS where two species of Eucalyptus (E. grancam and E. urograndis) were introduced into palisade grass [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) R. Webster ‘Marandu’]. Four sampling locations were collected at 0 (planting line), 2, 4, and 6 m (middle of the plots) from the Eucalyptus tree. A monoculture palisade grass pasture and a native savanna (Cerrado) were included for comparison. Soil water content was lower closer to the Eucalyptus plantation line. The introduction of Eucalyptus into the system resulted in C and nitrogen (N) stocks in the Eucalyptus line similar to the Cerrado and the monoculture pasture, supporting the potential of ICLS and the monoculture pasture to recover soil C and N stocks. Soil microbial community composition and enzymatic activity (β–glucosidase, acid phosphatase, and N–acetyl glucosidase) were reduced near Eucalyptus but increased in the pasture component of the ICLS likely due to improved soil water conditions. Soil microbial biomass, actinomycete, gram-positive bacteria, AMF, and fungi abundance were significantly higher in the native Cerrado than in the monoculture pasture and ICLS. Soil water, aggregate size, soil enzymes, and microbial communities were not dependent on the types of Eucalyptus species introduced into the system. Department of Crop Science São Paulo State University UNESP, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780 Centro Avançado de Pesquisa Tecnológica do Agronegócio de Seringueira e Sistemas Agroflorestais Instituto Agronômico/IAC Department of Agronomy Kansas State University, 2701 Throckmorton Center Department of Crop Science São Paulo State University UNESP, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780

RESUMO: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi quantificar e identificar a ocorrência dos principais gêneros de fungos, no solo, material vegetal morto, raiz e parte aérea no capim Tifton 85, adubado com biofertilizante suíno, 7 dias após o início da rebrota. As avaliações foram realizadas, durante seu desenvolvimento (15; 22; 29 e 36 dias após o início da rebrota), no momento do enfardamento e no feno, com 30 dias de armazenamento. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas no tempo, com quatro locais de coleta no campo de produção de feno (solo, parte aérea da planta, raiz e material vegetal morto), e 6 tempos de avaliação para parte aérea da planta (15; 22; 29; e 36 dias início da rebrota, no momento do enfardamento e com 30 dias de armazenamento) e quatro tempos de avaliação para solo, raiz e material vegetal morto (15; 22; 29; e 36 dias após início da rebrota). Na contagem e identificação dos gêneros dos fungos referentes a cada parte da planta e solo, foram calculadas as médias e essas submetidas à análise descritiva. Uma maior população fúngica foi observada no material vegetal morto e solo, predominando o gênero Penicillium em todas as partes da planta estudadas. ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to quantify and identify the occurrence of the main genres of fungi soil, dead plant material, roots and shoots in Tifton 85 fertilized with swine biofertilizer, 7 days after start of regrowth. The evaluation were carried out during development (15, 22, 29 and 36 days of age) at the time of baling, hay and 30 days of storage. The experimental design was randomized blocks with split plots in time sub with 4 sampling sites (soil, plant tops, roots and dead plant material), and 6 times of evaluation for aerial part of the plant (15, 22, 29 and 36 days of regrowth, at the time of baling and 30 days of storage) and 4-cycle assessment for soil, roots and dead plant material (15, 22, 29 and 36 days of regrowth). In the counting and identification of genera of fungi belonging to each part of the plant and soil were averaged and those submitted to descriptive analysis. Greater fungal population was observed in soil and dead plant material, predominantly Penicillium in all parts of the plant studied.