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Currently available guided bone regeneration (GBR) films lack active immunomodulation and sufficient osteogenic ability‐ in the treatment of periodontitis, leading to unsatisfactory treatment outcomes. Challenges remain in developing simple, rapid, and programmable manufacturing methods for constructing bioactive GBR films with tailored biofunctional compositions and microstructures. Herein, the controlled electroassembly of collagen under the salt effect is reported, which enables the construction of porous films with precisely tunable porous structures (i.e., porosity and pore size). In particular, bioactive salt species such as the anti‐inflammatory drug diclofenac sodium (DS) can induce and customize porous structures while enabling the loading of bioactive salts and their gradual release. Sequential electro‐assembly under pre‐programmed salt conditions enables the manufacture of a Janus composite film with a dense and DS‐containing porous layer capable of multiple functions in periodontitis treatment, which provides mechanical support, guides fibrous tissue growth, and acts as a barrier preventing its penetration into bone defects. The DS‐containing porous layer delivers dual bio‐signals through its morphology and the released DS, inhibiting inflammation and promoting osteogenesis. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of electrofabrication as a customized manufacturing platform for the programmable assembly of collagen for tailored functions to adapt to specific needs in regenerative medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biology remains the envy of flexible soft matter fabrication because it can satisfy multiple functional needs by organizing a small set of proteins and polysaccharides into hierarchical systems with controlled heterogeneity in composition and microstructure. Here, it is reported that controlled, mild electronic inputs (<10 V; <20 min) induce a homogeneous gelatin‐chitosan mixture to undergo sorting and bottom‐up self‐assembly into a Janus film with compositional gradient (i.e., from chitosan‐enriched layer to chitosan/gelatin‐contained layer) and tunable dense‐porous gradient microstructures (e.g., porosity, pore size, and ratio of dense to porous layers). This Janus film performs is shown multiple functions for guided bone regeneration: the integration of compositional and microstructural features confers flexible mechanics, asymmetric properties for interfacial wettability, molecular transport (directional growth factor release), and cellular responses (prevents fibroblast infiltration but promotes osteoblast growth and differentiation). Overall, this work demonstrates the versatility of electrofabrication for the customized manufacturing of functional gradient soft matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Currently available guided bone regeneration (GBR) films lack active immunomodulation and sufficient osteogenic ability‐ in the treatment of periodontitis, leading to unsatisfactory treatment outcomes. Challenges remain in developing simple, rapid, and programmable manufacturing methods for constructing bioactive GBR films with tailored biofunctional compositions and microstructures. Herein, the controlled electroassembly of collagen under the salt effect is reported, which enables the construction of porous films with precisely tunable porous structures (i.e., porosity and pore size). In particular, bioactive salt species such as the anti‐inflammatory drug diclofenac sodium (DS) can induce and customize porous structures while enabling the loading of bioactive salts and their gradual release. Sequential electro‐assembly under pre‐programmed salt conditions enables the manufacture of a Janus composite film with a dense and DS‐containing porous layer capable of multiple functions in periodontitis treatment, which provides mechanical support, guides fibrous tissue growth, and acts as a barrier preventing its penetration into bone defects. The DS‐containing porous layer delivers dual bio‐signals through its morphology and the released DS, inhibiting inflammation and promoting osteogenesis. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of electrofabrication as a customized manufacturing platform for the programmable assembly of collagen for tailored functions to adapt to specific needs in regenerative medicine.

Abstract Biology remains the envy of flexible soft matter fabrication because it can satisfy multiple functional needs by organizing a small set of proteins and polysaccharides into hierarchical systems with controlled heterogeneity in composition and microstructure. Here, it is reported that controlled, mild electronic inputs (