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Entrepreneurship plays a significant role in a nation’s economic development because it creates wealth, reduces unemployment, and combats poverty. The present research was solely concerned with the contribution of female entrepreneurs to Bangladesh’s economy. It attempts to depict the overall experience of female entrepreneurs, such as the encouragement or support they received, the obstacles and barriers they had to overcome, and so on. This study’s main goal was to discover the benefits of the digital marketplace in the ventures of women in Bangladesh. The data were analyzed using a quantitative research design, simple percentages, and Index Scale Statistics. Data collection was done primarily, and the samples were obtained from female entrepreneurs via a questionnaire survey using convenience and snowball sampling. The graph and table were created using STATA. The findings show that most women in Bangladesh start businesses to gain self-sufficiency or financial independence. Social barriers, family restrictions, insufficient product, insufficient labor, and so on were among the major issues they faced. Before starting the business, most women were students, homemakers, or teachers. In accordance with the respondents, their product has helped people improve their quality of life. Most female entrepreneurs want to grow their online and offline businesses and help unemployed women gain employment. It was discovered that the majority of online entrepreneurs are young women. Most of the start-ups were launched in 2020, indicating a relationship between COVID-19 effects and the launching of start-ups. The majority of women sold their goods on Facebook. Most female entrepreneurs buy their products from wholesalers to get better deals and more benefits. In contrast, some entrepreneurs produce the goods themselves to guarantee their authenticity. The economic development and social well-being of the community and their families’ income are greatly enhanced by the participation of women in entrepreneurship. The findings demonstrate the profound effects that women’s entrepreneurship has had on both the economic situation in Bangladesh and the lives of the entrepreneurs.

Background: Febrile seizure is one of the commonest childhood neurologic diseases. There is an increasing concern that vitamin D deficiency may play an etiological role. This study was conducted to find out the association between vitamin D levels and febrile seizure. Objective were to determine the association of vitamin D levels in children with simple febrile seizure. Methods: This case control study was conducted in institute of child and mother health, Dhaka from July 2019 to June 2020. Children aged six to sixty months with simple febrile seizure were ‘cases’ and those having fever without seizure were controls. Detailed history regarding breastfeeding, intake of calcium and vitamin D rich diet, sunlight exposure, family history of seizure was taken and physical examinations were done. Data collection was done through a pretested structured questionnaire. Serum vitamin D level was measured. Results: There were 44 cases of simple febrile seizure and 50 controls. Mean age of the study participants was 16.5±8.9 and 14.4±7.1 months in case group and control group respectively, with a majority in the age group 6-12 months. 34.1% of cases and 22% of controls had deficient vitamin D while 50% of cases and 34% of controls had insufficient vitamin D, respectively. Reduced vitamin D level was more common in case group. Mean vitamin D level was also significantly lower in case group. Conclusions: Decreased vitamin D level was found to be significantly associated with simple febrile seizure.

Working capital is a proportion of an organization's liquidity and monetary wellbeing which assesses the performance and profitability of an organization inside a limited period. The ceramic business is one the most troublesome and lengthy process industry comparing other industries. This industry is immense and includes bigger cycle which makes challenges to present the performance with genuine information. This paper is an attempt to investigate the affects of working capital management on firm’s performance of ceramic industries in Bangladesh. For this intent, ceramic corporations enrolled in Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) & Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) have been chosen and the investigation covers a period from year 2016 to 2021. Accordingly, secondary data from reputed ceramic manufacturers listed on DSE & CSE have been chosen to outline the measurable impacts of working capital management, also execution of firms by utilizing dynamic board information investigation. The results demonstrates that, inventory and cash conversion cycle periods are longer than expected. Also the industry is highly dependent on accrued sales and receiving cash from the sales are longer comparing other industry. The study clearly defines the significant level of relationship between the firm’s performances which is affected by different components of working capital management.

Yogurt is a natural source of gut-friendly bacteria. It has a considerable body of evidence that supports the significant positive effects of yogurt as probiotics on quail production performance and health. Yogurt containing bacteria can improve quail economic indexes and resistance to pathogens. With this objective, 240 growing Japanese quails were randomly distributed into three groups A1 (control), A2 (Yogurt), and A3 (Protexin) (4 replicates/treatment of 20 birds) to investigate the effect of yogurt as a probiotic source. Birds were allowed to be fed ad libitum with a commercial quail ration. Yogurt and Protexin were mixed at the rate of 5 ml/L (5ml into 1 lt. water) and 1g/L (1gm into 1 lt. water) in A2 and A3, respectively. Six (6) weeks of investigation showed a significantly higher result in yogurt than in the other two groups. Body weight had a significant difference between the control and protexin groups. Body weight gain (g) was significantly heavier in A2 at the finisher phase. No significant effect was observed in feed intake, but FCR (Feed Conversion Ratio) was significantly lower in A2, but no significant effect was noticed between A1 and A3. The mortality percentage was higher in the control group (2.66%) and lowest in yogurt (1.03%). Carcass characteristics were significantly heavier in A2 than A1 and A3. Non-carcass characteristics illustrated significant differences among the three groups, but a non-significant difference was observed in head weight. The gross return per bird was higher in A2 (12.05 BDT), whereas it was 6.55 BDT and 7.08 BDT for A1 and A3. With those observations, it can be concluded that yogurt successfully enhanced overall broiler performance and gross return of Japanese quail.

Green Human Resource management (GHRM) is not commonly practiced in the ready-Made Garments (RMG) sectors in Bangladesh. Only a few factories practiced the GHRM and they achieved many international awards as well as developed their business rapidly. RMG sector in Bangladesh could benefit from implementing GHRM and establishing sustainable development. This is the quantitative analysis and random sampling methods used to select the garments factories and representatives. Ten garments industries were randomly selected . Five managers were selected from different departments in each garments factory. They informed that the many obstacles to GHRM practices in the RMG sector in Bangladesh. The researcher found some major obstacles like organizational support, inadequate turnover of managerial interests, high costs of practice, and employee turnover. It is possible to successfully implement the GHRM practice in Bangladesh's RMG industry by implementing tight regulations and rules, supervision, training programs, incentives, and mandatory courses in the education system. The suggestion of this research paves the way for improved GHRM methods. The research outcomes would increase GHRM practice in the RMG sectors and may be utilized for innovative contributions to Bangladesh's RMG businesses.

Introduction: The Bangladesh's Ready-Made Garment (RMG) sector is now the world's 3rd largest exporter. RMG provides a steady flow of employment for approximately 4,000,000 workers, the majority of whom are women. This remarkable progress, however, has been hampered by a lack of factory safety and industrial mishaps, which characterize health risks. Methods: With a population of 200 employees, this was a quantitative study. Interviews with informants were conducted using an interview guideline, and observations were carried out around the workplace using a checklist instrument. The information gathered was used to create a detailed picture of the scenario. This research aims to investigate health hazards of the garment industrial workers and their effects on workers’ health. Results: The majority of garment workers were between the ages of 15 – 20 years old. 93.6% of respondents worked for 8 - 9 hours each day on average, and 79.2% put in an extra 2-4 hours of work. 66% had no accident in the previous year, while 24.7 % experienced a small cut, abrasion, or injury. Moreover, most respondents were unconcerned about physical or environmental pollution, while 68% were concerned about noise pollution. Due to the direct link to health risks, employees suffered from headaches, general weakness, and eyestrain. Conclusion: Workers’ headaches and eyestrain were caused by an insufficient lighting and ventilation system and noise pollution. Backaches, joint pain, and chest pain were caused by long working hours and a dirty workplace. Industrial health hazards should be minimized by the proper implementation of labor laws by the government. Keywords: hazard, illness, ready-made garment, ready-made garment worker, safety

Background In a densely populated country like Bangladesh, mental health-related burden and associated adverse outcomes are quite prevalent. However, exploration of sleep-related issues in general, and more specifically of insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic has been scarce and restricted to a single location. The present study investigated the prevalence of insomnia and its predictive factors in the general population, and included Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis to identify regional heterogeneities of insomnia in Bangladesh. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted during the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Information related to socio-demographics, knowledge of COVID-19, behaviors related to COVID-19, fear of COVID-19, and insomnia were included in a questionnaire, and coupled with GIS-based spatial analysis to identify regional susceptibility to insomnia. Results Approximately 30.4%, 13.1% and 2.8% of participants reported sub-threshold, moderate, and severe forms of insomnia, respectively. Independent predictive risk factors of insomnia symptoms included female gender, college education, urban residence, presence of comorbidities, using social media, taking naps during daytime, and fear of COVID-19. District-wide variations in the spatial distribution of fear of COVID-19 and insomnia were significantly associated. Conclusion Insomnia is frequently present during a pandemic, and exhibits regional variability along with multifactorial determinants. These analytic approaches should enable improved detection and targeting of at-risk sectors of the population, and enable implementation of appropriate measures to ensure improved sleep quality.

Globally, the ornamental fish business has a high demand for its popularity as well as for its profitability. However, microbial contamination, nutrient depletion and accumulation of organic materials are the major factors in an aquafarming system which can cause death of aquatic animal and causes financial losses. This study aimed to determine the physicochemical and microbiological quality of fish aquarium water. Water of different time interval after treatment (7 days, 20 days, 30 days, 60 days, 90 days) were taken from the different aquariums. A set of physicochemical parameters such as temperature, transparency, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, total hardness, conductivity were found within the approved standard concentration for fish. The present study also reveals the microbiological status of the aquaculture water where the total viable count ranging from 2.20×104 to 4.20×104 cfu/ml. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., and Pseudomonas spp. were present in all samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were also done to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of microbes isolated from aquarium water. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.11 (1) 2021: 20-23

This research aims to explore the factors that suppress the empowerment of transgender people in Bangladesh and will examine how Bangladesh can ensure gender equality through the empowerment of transgender people. Additionally, it will help to provide some recommendations to amend the gender policy strategies of the country. &nbsp

Since the last couple of years, the expansion of grid-connected wind farms (WFs) has increased dramatically. The wind turbine might be a fixed-speed squirrel cage induction generator (FSWT-SCIG) or a variable speed wind turbine with a doubly-fed induction generator (VSWT-DFIG). The main disadvantage of FSWT-SCIG is its lack of ability to adjust power quality. Inversely, the VSWT-DFIG is a competitive wind turbine technology that allows for the effective management of both active and reactive power outputs. Moreover, it has some extraordinary functionaries rather than FSWTSCIG. However, the major downside to this system is that it only has a partial rating AC/DC/AC power converter, which is extremely expensive. Hence, to reduce the overall cost combining the implementation of VSWT-DFIG and FSWT-SCIG in a WF could be a feasible alternative. Therefore, a novel DFIG control technique is proposed in this article, which can keep the connection point voltage of the hybrid WF stable during dynamic analysis. To evaluate the proposed controller responses PSCAD/EMTDC software has been used.

Aims: To screen potato genotypes for salt tolerance using in vitro salt stress and moleulcar markers. Experimental Design: The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Place of the Study: The experiment was conducted at the Molecular Biology and Tissue Culture Laboratories, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh. Methodology: In vitro screening of five potato genotypes (CIP 112, CIP 117, CIP 120, CIP 127, and CIP 128) was done in an agar medium using tissue culture technique at different concentrations of salt viz. 0.0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 mM of NaCl. All genotypes were further analysed through SSR markers using three primers. The DNA bands were visualized on gel electrophoresis and scored for polymorphic loci, gene diversity, and genetic distance. NTSYSpc program was used for constructing unrooted neighbor-joining tree and scatter diagram. Results: Potato genotypes CIP 112 and CIP 117 emerged as the most salt tolerant genotypes with the highest plant height, shoot dry weight, root length, and root dry weight at different concentrations of NaCl. CIP 127 and CIP 128 were poorly tolerant to salt stress. The most sensitive genotype CIP 120 produced minimum plant height, shoot dry weight, root length, and root dry weight at different NaCl concentrations. Results indicated that significant differences were found among cultivars. The banding pattern of microsatellite confirmed a distinct polymorphism among salt tolerant, moderately salt tolerant and salt sensitive lines. The clustering pattern of the potato genotypes suggests that variations occur due to genotypic variation and possibly not epigenetic adaptation under salt stress conditions. Conclusion: The salt tolerant pototo genotypes CIP 112 and CIP 117 can be used for developing salt tolerant genotypes.

Background The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has become a global burden disrupting peoples' quality of life. Students being an important cohort of a country, their mental health during this pandemic has been recognized as a concerning issue. Therefore, the prevalence and associated risk factors of Bangladeshi students' mental health sufferings (ie, depression, anxiety, and stress) are systematically reviewed herein for the first time. Methods Adhering to the PRISMA guideline, a systematic search was performed from 1 to 5 April, 2021 in several databases including PubMed; and finally, a total of 7 articles were included to this review. Results The prevalence rates of mild to severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress ranged from 46.92% to 82.4%, 26.6% to 96.82%, and 28.5% to 70.1%, respectively. The risk factors concerning mental health problems included the factors related to (i) socio-demographic (younger age, gender, lower educational grade, urban residence, family size, currently living with family/parents, and having children in the family), (ii) behavior and health (smoking status, lack of physical exercise, more internet browsing time, and dissatisfaction with sleep), (iii) COVID-19 pandemic- (COVID-19 related symptoms, COVID-19 related perceptions, and fear of COVID-19 infection), (iv) miscellaneous (losing part-time teaching job, lack of study concentration, agitation, fear of getting assaulted or humiliated on the way to the hospital or home, financial problems, academic dissatisfaction, inadequate food supply, higher exposure to COVID-19 social and mass media, engaging with more recreational activities, and performing more household chores). Conclusion The overall assumption of mental disorders' prevalence rates can be regarded as problematic to this cohort. Thus, the authorities should consider setting up possible strategies to diminish the pandemic effect on students' mental health.

A simple quasi-D-shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based surface plasmon resonance biosensor is proposed for the early diagnosis of malaria that arises as a result of Plasmodium falciparum parasite development in erythrocytes in the human body. The flat surface of the D-shaped PCF is covered with a thin layer of TiO2 along with a gold layer. The finite element method (FEM) is used to numerically investigate the characteristics of the sensor. With the well-optimized set of parameters, the proposed sensor exhibits maximum spectral sensitivities of 42857.14 nm/RIU, 22105.26 nm/RIU, and 16206.90 nm/RIU with resolutions of 2.33 × 10−06 RIU, 4.52 × 10−06 RIU, and 6.17 × 10−06 RIU for ring, trophozoite, and schizont phases, respectively. The obtained amplitude sensitivities are 784.55 RIU−1, 491.02 RIU−1, and 407.99 RIU−1 and FOMs are 596.90 RIU−1, 423.98 RIU−1, and 341.63 RIU−1 for the three phases, respectively. Therefore, with the promising results and simplified practical realization, the proposed sensor can be an excellent candidate for the identification of Plasmodium falciparum phases in RBC for malaria diagnosis.

This study attempts to identify hotels service attributes that influence tourists’ satisfaction in the context of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Descriptive research was conducted to gain an insight into the topic and to investigate the factors. This paper reports findings based on a descriptive study. To conduct this study, a survey was administered to 300 respondents using a non-probability sampling which is a convenience sampling technique. To analyze the data, factor analysis, correlation, regression analysis and frequency distribution table was used. A conceptual model of tourist’s satisfaction based on service attributes of hotels in Cox’s Bazar was proposed based on factor and regression analysis. Seven factors emerged and were used as independent variables in the regression analysis. Findings indicate that some hotel service attributes have a direct influence on tourists’ satisfaction which make them loyal in the context of Cox’s Bazar.

Amidst COVID-19 pandemic microeconomic activities have compressed, which is resulting in loss of employment and income, and a rise in poverty and inequality. By the same token, uncertainties are looming large in terms of macroeconomic mismanagement due to Covid-19, which is gradually decaying given the inefficiency in both consumer and small business. This study examines the way how selling ability and purchasing behavior are being reduced overwhelmingly. The number of impoverished people has increased compared to the pre-Covid period. This study has taken into consideration the impact of the COVID-19 induced economic crisis on entrepreneur income in Bangladesh. This study also explores the possible economic outcomes and how COVID-19 might evolve from its adverse effect in the upcoming future especially on income and sustains own sector by using the method developed by Lee and McKibbin (2003) and outstretched by McKibbin and Sidorenko (2006). However, this research demonstrates the scenario of the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on entrepreneur's business activities and in particular their conceptions of the comparison in consumer behavior during extreme situations. It is likely that how the pulse of the targeted marketplace will put the spotlight on entrepreneur's businesses so that they can be successful long after they launch, will be revealed in future studies.

This study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxic and analgesic potential of methanol extracts of five wild mushrooms available in the University of Chittagong, Bangladesh. The acetic acid-induced writhing method was used for the analgesic activity, while cytotoxicity was tested using brine shrimp lethality bioassay. In silico molecular docking and ADME/T study have been employed by using Schrodinger v11.1, BIOVIA Discovery Studio 2020 and online tool (AdmeSAR) respectively. The methanol extracts of Daldinia concentrica, Trametes lactinea, Fomitopsis cajanderi and Daedaleopsis confragosa exhibited a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in the number of writhing when compared to the control group. Except for Lentinus squarrosulus at 200 mg/kg body weight, the remaining mushroom extracts showed equal to or above 50 % inhibition of writhing. Daldinia concentrica showed the lowest LC50 values with 0.63 μg/mL, while Daedaleopsis confragosa showed the highest LC50 values of 2.33 μg/mL, indicating decisive cytotoxic action all mushrooms extracts. Considering the secondary metabolites, daldinan A and fomlactone A were found the most promising myco-compounds in analgesic and cytotoxic molecular docking studies. Besides, all the selected metabolites meet the rule of Lipinski's drug-likeliness. These results concluded that each mushroom extracts except Lentinus squarrosulus possess a potential analgesic. All the mushroom extracts embrace a promising cytotoxic activity that may guide the progress of a new drug., Wild mushrooms; Analgesic; Cytotoxic; Receptors; In silico; Molecular docking.

This paper looks at the causes of environmental degradation by regarding the asymmetric effect of financial development and energy consumption in the presence of urbanization and economic growth for South Asia. Using a yearly dataset from 1974 to 2014, this study employs the non-linear autoregressive distributive lag (NARDL) approach to investigate the asymmetry that emerges from positive or negative shocks of financial development and energy consumption. The results of NARDL model assert that the shocks in energy consumption, both positive and negative, significantly contribute to rise the environmental degradation in the long run and also cut down the density of $${\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$$ emissions in the short run. In contrast, only a negative shock in financial development has an adverse and significant impact on $${\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$$ emissions in the long run. Besides, the results of the ARDL model indicate that financial development declines environmental degradation, while energy consumption evolves the $${\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$$ emissions in the long run. This paper suggests that policymakers may strive to attain high economic success using environmental favorable energy consumption and financial development.

Purpose The present study is the first investigating unexplored psychological issues of university entrance test-taking students in Bangladesh. Design and methods This cross-sectional study investigates suicidal behaviors and their socio-demographic, admission test-related, and psychopathological risk factors among a total of 911-Bangladeshi university entrance test-takers. Findings About 17.7% of the participants report suicidal thoughts, whereas it is 8.0% and 2.5% for suicide plans and suicide attempts, respectively. Significantly higher suicidal thought is observed in the repeat test-taking students compared to the first-time test-takers (20.7% vs. 14.6%, χ2 = 5.669, p = 0.017), though the suicide plan and suicide attempt are not associated with student status. The suicidal thought risk factors include female gender, urban residence, satisfaction with the mock test, mental disorders etc. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The present findings warrant implementing initiatives for this suicide-prone cohort, especially for the test-failing students.

A control system of the transport riding wheelchair has been illustrated in this paper. To support traumatized individuals in a sticky situation a navigating electric wheelchair is needed. In this paper eye-ball controlled wheelchair has been suggested to mitigate the dependency of disable person from others. Based on the movement of eye-ball the wheelchair has been controlled. A camera has been spotted in the goggles, to detect the location of the eye pupil and acquire the eye image by computer vision methods. The recommend control system can welfare for paralyzed individuals to refine their existence. In this paper hardware and software, architecture has been described. To detect eye pupil location the Open computer vision (OpenCV) library has been used. The main control mechanism of this whole system has been done by a raspberry pi.