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Oxidative stress is a condition characterized by a higher content of free radicals than the potential antioxidants in the body. Exogenous antioxidants are needed to resolve this condition. The Nypa fruticans (Nipa palm) fruit husk is a source of polyphenol potential and can be used as a natural antioxidant agent. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol concentration on polyphenol and tannin contents and their antioxidant activities. The polyphenol substances were extracted using several ethanol concentrations, whereas the antioxidant activity was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. The results show that the ethanol concentration has no effect on the yield of extraction. However, it affects the total polyphenol and tannin contents with high levels in the 50% and 70% ethanol concentrations. Fifty percent ethanol exhibits more effective antioxidant activity when compared to other ethanol concentrations. Therefore, a 50% ethanol concentration is a suitable solvent to extract polyphenol and tannin substances from nipa palm fruit husk and can be used as an alternative natural antioxidant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Indonesian Fisheries Processing Journal / Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that has a significant impact on the quality of life and health. This condition is indicated by high blood glucose or hyperglycemia. Alpha-glucosidase is an important enzyme during carbohydrate digestion to obtain monosaccharides such as glucose. This study aimed to investigate the alpha-glucoside inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) leaf with different extraction methods. The leaf was extracted by hot water extraction (HWE) and ultrasoundassisted extraction (UAE). The total sugar, crude fiber, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity were analysis by in vitro, then an independent-sample t-test was used to analyze the statistically different. The UAE method showed a high yield of crude extract than the HWE method. However, the total sugar of HWE is higher than UAE, whereas no different of crude fiber level. The extract from the HWE method more effectively inhibits the alpha-glucosidase activity when compared to UAE. Therefore, hot water extraction is the suitable method to extract polysaccharides from a water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) leaf. This condition also indicated polysaccharides extract potential to develop as an antidiabetes agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increase in free radicals in the body causes oxidative stress. Therefore, our body needs exogenous antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of crude and defatted polysaccharide extracts from water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) leaf. The polysaccharide was extracted by hot-water extraction and defatted with acetone. The total sugar content was determined by the Phenol-Sulfuric acid method, the antioxidant activity by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, and the functional group was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the total sugar of the crude polysaccharide (96.80±14.60 mg glucose eq./g dry sample) had a higher total sugar than the defatted polysaccharide (44.0±2.16 mg glucose eq./g dry sample). However, the antioxidant activity in defatted polysaccharides (IC50 0.406±0.011 mg/mL) more effectively inhibits free radicals than crude extract (IC50 0.484±0.028 mg/mL). The O-H, C-H, C=O, and C-O functional groups were identified in the polysaccharide extracts. The polysaccharides extract from water lettuce exhibits antioxidant activity. Therefore, the polysaccharide from water lettuce (P. stratiotes) leaf can be used as a source of antioxidant agents and as a food supplement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat is the property of Universitas Airlangga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Obesity is a metabolic disorder disease and excessive fat accumulation. Synthetic antiobesity (antihyperlipidemic) drugs are considered to cause some side effects. Therefore, the investigation of novel antiobesity agents, with less adverse effects, is a major challenge in the future research, such as from plant extracts. Thus, this research aimed to investigate the antihyperlipidemic of purified polyphenol from water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) extract. The research was conducted using crude and purified extracts of water lettuce. The purification process was performed by solid-phase extraction by using a HyperSep Retain PEP cartridge. The qualitative analysis of bioactive compounds (flavonoid, alkaloid, terpenoid, tannin) and quantitative analysis of lipase inhibition were conducted in the laboratory. The results showed that flavonoid, alkaloid, and tannin were increased after the purification process, whereas triterpenoid was reduced. The stretching of a polymeric hydroxyl group (O-H) and H-bonded stretching at 3382.36 cm-1 (crude extract) and 3399.25 cm-1 (purified extract) indicate present of phenol in the extracts. The inhibition of lipase enzyme also increased from 37.50% (crude extract) to 72.50% (purified extract). Therefore, purified polyphenol compound from water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) extract is the potential agent as antihyperlipidemic agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA) reductase is an enzyme that plays a role in the synthesis of cholesterol. The side effect of synthetic anti-cholesterol drugs has led to the demand for natural HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors such as plant extract. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the inhibitory HMG-CoA reductase activity of polyphenol compounds from water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) leaf extract. The research was conducted using the crude and purified extracts of water lettuce. The total polyphenols, flavonoids, and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity assay were carried out by in vitro analysis. The values obtained were analyzed quantitatively, followed by the use of an independent sample t-test and presented in graphical form. The results showed that the total polyphenols in each crude and purified extracts were 29.03 mg GAE/g dry sample and 65.63 mg GAE/g dry sample, respectively, while the total flavonoids were 27.58 mg QE/g dry sample and 88.02 mg QE/g dry sample, respectively. The inhibitory activity of the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme showed that the purified extract showed percentage inhibition of 34.74% which was higher than that of the crude extract which was 2.61%. This indicated that the purified extract of water lettuce has higher levels of polyphenols and flavonoids that can inhibit the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme more effectively than the crude extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]