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In accordance with ISO/IEC 17025:2017, the testing laboratory needs to verify its ability to properly perform methods. For radiological testing, the sampling does not affect the results directly, but it has to ensure that sample adequately represents the tested material. To verify the procedure, a sampling of red mud and bauxite ore was conducted. All samples were measured in identical geometry by HPGe spectrometer. The counting rates per unit mass in the recorded spectra were compared. For each measurement series, the mean and standard deviations of respected peaks were calculated, as well as average and standard deviation of all series. The obtained results of each individual series were considered satisfactory, i.e. sampling procedure ensures the representativeness of the bulk material, if it is within ± two standard deviations of the average of the mean values.

The radioactive fission product 90Sr has a sufficient half-life time (28.8 y) to be detected for a long time after it appeared in the environment. This radionuclide emits a β-particle of 546 keV, giving progeny to 90Y, also a β-emitter (T1/2 = 64.2 h, 2.28 MeV), with which it reaches secular activity equilibrium for a 14 days. Due to properties, radiostrontium may be considered as a highly hazardous anthropogenic radionuclide. The worldwide presence of 90Sr has been caused intentionally or accidentally in the period between 1950 and 1970, as a consequence of various human nuclear activities. The 90Sr determination is an important part of the annual plan of the radioactivity survey in environmental samples such as soil, sediment, grass, milk, wheat, foodstuff (especially vegetables). A potential contaminant of the Danube River ecosystem (in a radioactive sense) is the Paks Nuclear Power Plant, located in Hungary, 85 km from the Serbian-Hungarian border. Hence, this paper has been given insight to the results of investigation of 90Sr content in sediment of the Danube River at border profile between Serbia and Hungary. Sediment samples were collected a few times of year at Serbian side of the Danube River (left coast) in Bezdan. Within the mentioned ecosystem sampling was classified into four zones (sampling points), the first at 1425.5 km river flow, the second at 1426.3 km river flow, the third at 1427.2 km river flow and the fourth at 1428 km river flow. In the each zone one sample is collected. The preparation and analysis of collected samples were performed in Laboratory for Radiation Measurements of the Vinča Institute for Nuclear Sciences. The study covered a period of six years from 2016 to 2021. The level of activity of radionuclide of interest was determined by the radiochemical analytical method of 90Sr determination via its short-lived daughter 90Y. The samples after applied radiochemical procedure were counted by low-level gas proportional counter Thermo Eberline FHT 770T (ESM Eberline Instruments GmbH, Erlangen, Germany). The counting time was 5400 s. The counting efficiency of this counter was 35 % for the β-particle of 90Y. The measured values of 90Sr activity concentration in sediment samples of the Danube River were ranged between 0.18 Bq/kg and 0.79 Bq/kg for dry matter, depending on the sampling season or sampling point. The values of 90Sr activity concentration in investigated samples were far below level before starting work of the Paks Nuclear Power Plant (7.1 Bq/kg of dry matter). Evaluation of the accuracy of the applied method was confirmed using reference material and interlaboratory comparison samples. The results of this study were compared to the values available from the literature and the comparison confirmed that no significant contamination of investigated ecosystem in terms of the content of anthropogenic radionuclide 90Sr. The conducted study points out the importance of systematic testing of the content of anthropogenic radionuclide 90Sr in sediments as an important element in the system of control and testing of environmental safety X JUBILEE International Conference on Radiation in Various Fields of Research : RAD 2022 (Summer Edition) : book of abstracts; July 25-29, 2022; Herceg Novi, Montenegro

Istraživanja obuhvaćena ovom studijom predstavljaju prikaz efekata svojstava tla različitih poljoprivrednih koncepata na migraciju antropogenih radionuklida, 90Sr i 137Cs. Za potrebe ovog rada, izvršeno je uzorkovanje obradivog zemljišta na dve dubine na teritoriji grada Beograda tokom 2014. godine. U uzorcima zemljišta su određene fizičko−hemijske osobine i specifične aktivnosti ispitanih radionuklida. Radiohemijska analitička metoda je primenjena za određivanje sadržaja 90Sr, dok je specifična aktivnost 137Cs određena primenom gamaspektrometrijske metode. Ispitivanje efekata svojstava analiziranih uzoraka obradivog zemljišta na migraciju 90Sr i 137Cs, izvršeno je statističkim metodama analize. Primenom linearne korelacione analize utvrđeni su dominantni fizičko−hemijski parametri koji utiču na migraciju 90Sr i 137Cs u poljoprivrednom zemljištu. The research included by this study presents the effects of soil properties of different agricultural concepts to the migration of anthropogenic radionuclides, 90Sr and 137Cs. For the purposes of this paper, sampling of agricultural soil at two depths on the territory of the city of Belgrade during 2014 was performed. The physico−chemical properties of investigated soil, as well as the specific activities of the mentioned radionuclides were determined. The radiochemical analytical method was used to determine the 90Sr content, while the specific activity of 137Cs was determined using the gamma spectrometric method. Examination of the effects of soil properties on the migration of anthropogenic radionuclides 90Sr and 137Cs, based on the analyzed soil samples, was performed by statistical methods of analysis. By applying linear correlation analysis, the dominant physico−chemical parameters that affect the migration of 90Sr and 137Cs in agricultural soil were determined. XXXI Симпозијум Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе, 06-08. октобар 2021. Proceedings: [https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/9668]

Programom sistematskog ispitivanja nivoa radioaktivnosti u životnoj sredini na teritoriji Beograda predviđeno je merenje koncentracije radona (222Rn) u stambenim objektima, školskim i predškolskim ustanovama. Laboratorija "Zaštita", Instituta za nuklearne nauke "Vinča" je u periodu 2016-2020. izvršila ispitivanja u 547 prostorija (99 u stambenim objektima, 341 u školskim ustanovama i 107 u predškolskim jedinicama). Prosečna koncentracija 222Rn je iznosila 105 Bq/m3, a koncentarcija ispod 100 Bq/m3 je izmerena u 76,60 % prostorija. Vrednost od 400 Bq/m3 je prekoračena u 4,94 % prostorija. Od 15 beogradskih opština, koliko je pokriveno ovim istraživanjem, u 8 je detektovana koncentracija iznad 400 Bq/m3. Maksimalna izmerena vrednost u stambenim objektima je iznosila 3550 Bq/m3, dok je u vaspitno-obrazovnim ustanovama najveća detektovana koncentracija bila 1910 Bq/m3. The program of the level of radioactivity in the environment monitoring on the territory of Belgrade envisages measuring the concentration of radon in residential buildings, schools and kindergartens. The Department of Radiation and Environmental Protection of the Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinca" conducted examination in 547 rooms (99 in residential buildings, 341 in schools and 107 in kindergartens) in the period 2016-2020. The average concentration of 222Rn is 105 Bq/m3, and the concentration below 100 Bq/m3 was measured in 76.60 % of the rooms. The value of 400 Bq/m3 was exceeded in 4.94 % of the rooms. Out of 15 Belgrade municipalities covered by this research, a concentration above 400 Bq/m3 was detected in 8 municipalities. The maximum measured value in residential buildings was 3550 Bq/m3, while in educational institutions the highest detected concentration was 1910 Bq/m3. XXXI Симпозијум Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе, 06-08. октобар 2021. Proceedings: [https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/9668]

Na osnovu člana 15 Pravilnika o granicama sadržaja radionuklida u vodi za piće, životnim namirnicama, stočnoj hrani, lekovima, predmetima opšte upotrebe, građevinskom materijalu i drugoj robi koja se stavlja u promet (Sl. glasnik 36/18), da bi se obezbedilo da izlaganje stanovništva zračenju koje potiče od građevinskog materijala ne pređe referentni nivo od 1 mSv godišnje, propisano je određivanje gama indeksa I. Ovaj gama indeks se računa tako što se izmerene koncentracije prirodnih radionuklida 226Ra, 232Th i 40K podele odgovarajućim izvedenim koncentracijama. Zbir ovih količnika ne sme da bude veći od 1. S obzirom na to da se izmerene koncentracije radionuklida definišu sa pripadajućom mernom nesigurnošću, i gama indeks treba da bude iskazan sa svojom pripadajućom mernom nesigurnosti. U ovom radu biće definisana merna nesigurnost gama indeksa I i diskutovano pravilo odlučivanja koje bi trebalo primeniti kako bi se ustanovilo da li ovako određen gama indeks zadovoljava zahteve pomenutog Pravilnika. Based on the Article 15 of the Roolebook on the limits of the radionuclide content in drinking water, foodstuffs, feedstuffs, medicines, objects of general use, building materials and other goods that are put on market (Official Gazette RS. 36/18), to ensure that the exposure of the general population, originating from the building material do not exceed 1 mSv per year, the calculation of the gamma index I is required. This index is obtained by dividing measured activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K with the appropriate derived concentrations. The sum of these quotents should not exceed 1. Taking into account that the activity concentrations are defined with the appropriate measurement uncertainty, gamma index I should also be stated with its appropriate measurement uncertainty. In this paper, the measurement uncertaitny of the gamma index I will be defined and the decission rule for compliance of thus obtained gamma index with the Rulebook 36/18 discussed. XXXI Симпозијум Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе, 06-08. октобар 2021. Proceedings: [https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/9668]

U radu su prikazani rezultati merenja radioaktivnosti u izvorskim vodama u okolini Smederevske Palanke. Određivanje sadržaja radionuklida urađeno je gamaspektrometrijskom metodom sa HPGe detektorom, dok je za merenje ukupne alfa i ukupne beta aktivnosti u uzorcima korišćen gasni proporcionalni alfa beta brojač THERMO-EBERLINE FHT 770T. Uzorci su sakupljani tokom proleća 2021. godine. Dobijeni rezultati upoređeni su sa dozvoljenim vrednostima sadržaja radionuklida u vodi za piće propisanim Zakonskom regulativom. The results of gamma spectrometric analysis and determination of gross alpha and gross beta activity in spring waters in the vicinity of Smederevska Palanka are presented in this paper. Determination of radionuclide content was performed with HPGe gamma spectrometry, while determination of gross alpha and gross beta activity was performed using gas proportional alpha/beta counter THERMO-EBERLINE FHT 770T. Samples were collected in spring of 2021. The obtained results were compared with the permitted values of radionuclide content in drinking water prescribed by the Legislation. XXXI Симпозијум Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе, 06-08. октобар 2021. Proceedings: [https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/9668]

Rezultati merenja radioaktivnosti zemljišta, mulja i vode u procesu iskopavanja bunara do maksimalne dubine od 13,5 m u selu Poganovu, u opštini Dimitrovgrad, prikazani su u ovom radu. Uzorci mulja i zemljišta, analizirani su spektrometrijom gama emitera i određivanjem sadržaja 90Sr. U slučaju uzorka vode, određena je ukupna alfa i ukupna beta aktivnost, i koncentracija radionuklida gama emitera. Pored navedenih uzoraka, sa iste lokacije su mereni i uzorci mahovina i lišajeva. Osim u uzorku mahovine i zemljišta sa dubine 0-10 cm u kojima je detektovano prisustvo 137Cs u veoma niskim koncentracijama za ovu vrstu uzoraka, ni u jednom uzorku nije detektovano prisustvo proizvedenih radionuklida, 137Cs i 90Sr. U slučaju prirodnih radionuklida, dobijene vrednosti koncentracija, karakteristične su za ovakve vrste uzoraka i ne razlikuju se u odnosu na druge lokacije na našim prostorima. Svi rezultati merenja ukazuju na to da se ova lokacija može koristiti kao nulta tačka monitoringa radioaktivnosti na našim prostorima. The results of radioactivity measurements in the soil, sludge and water samples in the process of finding water and digging wells to a maximum depth of 13.5 m, in the village of Poganovo, in the municipality of Dimitrovgrad, are presented in this paper. Sludge and soil samples were analyzed by gamma-ray spectrometry and 90Sr measurements. In the case of water samples, gross alpha and gross beta activity, as well as content of radionuclides gamma emitter were determined. In addition, samples of mosses and lichens from the same location were also measured. Presence of the artificial radionuclides 90Sr and 137Cs were not detected in measured samples, with an exception of the sample of moss and soil from a depth of 0-10 cm, where 137Cs was detected in very low concentrations for this type of samples. In the case of natural radionuclides, the obtained values of concentrations are characteristic of these types of samples and do not differ from other locations in our area. All measurement results indicate that this location can be used as a zero point for monitoring radioactivity in our area. XXXI Симпозијум Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе, 06-08. октобар 2021. Proceedings: [https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/9668]

Prema važećoj zakonskoj regulativi u Republici Srbiji kontrola radiološke ispravnosti otpadnih materijala vrši se na graničnim prelazima, kao i kada postoji namera odlaganja u životnu sredinu. Sadržaj radionuklida u otpadnim materijalima u najvećem broju slučajeva odredjuje se gamaspektrometrijskim ispitivanjem. Ova merenja podrazumevaju adekvatnu pripremu uzorka u cilju postizanja željene geometrije merenja za koju je izvršena kalibracija efikasnosti gama spektrometra. U postupku pripreme uzorka otpadnog materijala često nije moguće postići zadovoljavajuću homogenost. Takodje, matriks merenog materijala u većini slučajeva ne odgovara matriksu standarda pomoću kojeg je izvršena kalibracija spektrometra. Iz ovih razloga je potrebno izvršiti odredjene korekcije rezultata merenja (transfer efikasnosti, na pr.), kao i proširenje budžeta merne nesigurnosti. U radu je detaljno prikazan postupak procene doprinosa nehomogenosti uzorka mernoj nesigurnosti, kao i doprinosa koji u budžet merne nesigurnosti unosi transfer efikasnosti i primena korekcionih faktora za koincidentno sumiranje. According to the current legislation in the Republic of Serbia, the radiological control of waste materials is performed at border crossings, as well as when there is an intention to dispose these materials in the environment. The gamma ray spectrometry is commonly used for determination of radionuclide content in waste materials. These measurements imply adequate sample preparation in order to achieve the desired measurement geometry for which the efficiency of the gamma spectrometer has been calibrated. Satisfactory homogeneity is often not possible to achieve in the sample preparation process. Also, the matrix of the measured material in most cases does not correspond to the matrix of the standard used for efficiency calibration of the spectrometer. For these reasons, it is necessary to make certain corrections to the measurement results (efficiency transfer, for example), as well as to expand the measurement uncertainty budget. The paper presents in detail the procedure for assessing the contribution of inhomogeneity of the sample to the measurement uncertainty, as well as the contribution that the efficiency transfer and coincidence summing corrections introduce to the measurement uncertainty budget. XXXI Симпозијум Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе, 06-08. октобар 2021. Proceedings: [https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/9668]

VIII International Conference on Radiation in Various Fields of Research : RAD 2020 : book of abstracts; Virtual Conference

This paper is focused on determination of activity concentration of gamma emitters in surface layer of soil, in surrounding of the coal-fired power plant complex. Also, the impact of coal-fired power plant emissions on certain of physical and chemical properties of the soil was studied. The results of this study indicated that the operation of the power plant has no significant negative impact on the environment in terms of the content of radionuclides. The effect of the coal-fired power plant emissions on soil is a function of the pollutant gradient existing in the area. The increased soil acidity can adversely affect the microbiological and pedogenetic processes in soil which cause cation-anion imbalance and microbe population reduction to affect soil fertility. © 2020, Editura Academiei Romane. All rights reserved.

Tricijum, radioaktivni izotop vodonika ima i prirodno i antropogeno poreklo. Pri svom raspadu emituje niskoenergetsko beta zračenje i pri tom da bi bio detektovan mora se uvesti u aktivnu zapreminu detektora. Za detekcijuje korišćen tečni scintilacioni spektrometar Ultra Low Level Liquid Scintillation Spectrometer Quantulus 1220. U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati sadrţaja tricijuma u padavinama sakupljenim na referentnim meteorološkim stanicama u Srbiji (Beograd, Subotica, Niš, Zlatibor, Zaječar iVranje). Sadrţaj tricijuma je određenu kompozitnim mesečnim uzorcima, a period ispitivanja pokriva 2018. godinu. Rezultati ispitivanja pokazuju da su dobijene vrednosti u padavinama ispod granica predviđenih zakonskom regulativom. Tritium, the radioactive isotope of hydrogen, has a natural and anthropogenic origin. It emits low-energy beta radiation and, in order to be detected, it must be introduced into the active volume of the detector. For detection,Ultra Low Level Liquid Scintillation Spectrometer Quantulus 1220was used.This paper presents the results of the tritium content in precipitation collected at reference meteorological stations in Serbia (Belgrade, Subotica, Niš, Zlatibor, Zajeţar and Vranje). The content of tritium is determined in composite monthly samples, andthe test period covers 2018. The results show that the obtained values in precipitation at investigated locations are below the limits prescribed by the Serbian legislation. Proceedings: [http://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/8681] XXX симпозијум ДЗЗСЦГ [Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе], 2- 4. октобар 2019. године, Дивчибаре, Србија

Godine 2018. Laboratorija za zaštitu od zračenja i zaštitu životne sredine je učestvovala u interkomparaciji "REM 2018 radon-in-water proficiency test". Zadatak je bio izmeriti koncentraciju radona u dostavljenom uzorku vode. Ovaj uzorak je meren gama spektrometrijski na HPGe detektoru. Najpre je merenje izvršeno na uzorku u nativnom obliku, bez otvaranja boce u kojoj je dostavljen. Zatim je sadržaj boce prebačen u Marineli geometriju i ponovo izmerenna istomdetektoru.Pri proračunu aktivnosti korišćen je transfer efikasnosti programom EFFTRANi kalibracija QA/QC uzorkom vode,dostavljenim u okviru interkomparacije IAEA-TEL-2018-03.Poređenjem dobijenih rezultata i referentnevrednosti dateu preliminarnom izveštaju organizatora interkomparacije, utvrđeno je da postoji značajna zavisnost rezultata odpristupa merenju i proračunu aktivnosti. U ovom radu su predstavljeni rezultati oba pristupa i analiza i komentar tačnosti i preciznosti rezultata. In 2018, Laboratory for Environment and Radiation Protection took part in the proficiency test "REM 2018 radon-in-water proficiency test". The task of this proficiency test was to determine the concentration of radon in the water sample. This sample was measured by gamma spectrometry on HPGe detector. Firstly, the measurement was performed on the native sample, without opening the bottle in which the sample was delivered. After that, the sample was placed into Marinelli beaker and measured again on the same detector. To calculate the activity concentration of radon in the sample, the calibration was performed using QA/QC sample from the IAEA-TEL-2018-03 proficiency test andthe efficiency transfer was performed using EFFTRAN software. Comparison of the obtained results with the reference value, provided in the preliminary report of the proficiency test, showed that there is a significant influence of the measurement geometry and the calculation approach. In thispaper, the results of both approaches to the measurement and calculation will be presented and the trueness and precision of the results will be analyzed and commented. Proceedings: [http://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/8681] XXX симпозијум ДЗЗСЦГ (Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе), 2- 4. октобар 2019. године, Дивчибаре, Србија

U ovom radu dat je pregled radova prezentovanih u oblasti Radioekologije i izlaganja stanovništva na skupovima Društva za zaštitu od zračenja, počev od I jugoslovenskog simpozijuma o radiološkoj zaštiti u Portoroţu 1963. godine i zaključno sa XXIX Simpozijumom Društva za zaštitu od zračenja Srbije i Crne Gore odrţanom na Srebrnom jezeru 2017. godine. U radu je dat pregled aktuelnih tema, osvrt na razvoj metoda i tehnika merenja, kao i opšti trendovi razvoja i diferenciranja oblasti radioekologije uslovljenih dogaĎanjima u obuhvaćenom vremenskom periodu. This paper gives an overview of the papers in the field of radioecology and population exposure to ionizing radiation presented at the Radiation Protection Association symposia starting with the 1stYugoslav Radiation Protection Association symposium held in Portoroţ in 1963 and concluding with the 29thsymposium of the Society for Radiation Protection of Serbia and Montenegro held at Srebrno jezero in 2017. An overview of current topics, methods andmeasurement techniques development review, as well as general trends in the development and differentiation of the radioecology field due to different events in the covered period are presented. Proceedings: [http://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/8681]

Berilijum-7 (7Be)je radioaktivni berilijumov izotop koji nastaje u interakcijama kosmič-kog zračenja sa atomima atmosfere. Intenzitet kosmičkog zračenja usled nehomogenosti magnetnog polja Zemlje, ispoljava prostornu distribuciju, dok je vremenska distribucija posledica vremenski promenljivog magnetnog polja Sunca. Cilj ovog istraţivanja je da se izvrši analiza uticaja vremenske promene intenziteta kosmičkog zračenja na koncentraciju7Be u kompozitnim mesečnim uzorcima ukupnog (suvog i mokrog) depozita. Uzorci depozita su sakupljani u Institutu za nuklearne nauke "Vinča", a sva merenja koncentracije 7Be su uraĎena u Laboratoriji za zaštitu od zračenja i zaštitu ţivotne sredine. Rezultati merenja uzoraka prikupljenih u periodu od 1994. do 2016. su korelirani sa mesečnim podacima o intenzitetu kosmičkog zračenja iz istog perioda, preuzetim sa sajta stanice "Apatity", Polarnog geofizičkog instituta, Ruske akademije nauka. Ova stanica poseduje neutronski monitor "Standard 18-NM-64" lociran na nadmorskoj visini od 181 m sa geografskim koordinatama od N:67,57° i E:33,39°. TakoĎe, rezultati merenja oba posmatrana parametra su grupisani po godinama i mese-cima u godini, a zatim su odreĎeni njihovi godišnji i mesečni indeksi. Nakon toga, za ispitane parametre su meĎusobno korelirani kako godišnji, tako i njihovi mesečni indeksi. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da fluktuacije kosmičkog zračenja utiču samo na varijacije godišnjih indeksa koncentracije7Be u ukupnom depozitu. Koeficijent determinacije godišnjih indeksa posmatranih parametara govori da se modulisanošću kosmičkog zračenja moţe objasniti 33% varijacije godišnjih vrednosti koncentracije 7Be u depozitu. Beryllium-7 (7Be) is a radioactive beryllium isotope that is produced in the interaction of cosmic radiation with atmospheric atoms. Due to the heterogenous of the Earth's magnetic field, the intensity of cosmic radiation exhibits spatial distribution, while the time distribution is a consequence of the time-varying magnetic field of the Sun. The aim of thisresearch is to analyzethe influence of the intensity of cosmic radiation on the 7Be concentration in samples of the total (dry and wet) deposit. The deposit samples were collected at the Vinţa Institute of Nuclear Sciences, and all 7Be concentration measurements were performedin the Department of Radiation and Environmental Protection. The results of the measurements were collected in the period from 1994 to 2016 and they were correlated with the monthly neutron monitor data of the "Apatity",the Polar Geophysical Institute, the Russian Academy of Sciences. This station has the neutron monitor "Standard 18-NM-64" located at the altitude of 181 m with geogra-phical coordinates of N: 67.57° and E: 33.39°. Also, the results of the measurement of both observed parameters are grouped by years and months of the year, and then their annual and monthly indices were determined. After that, the annual as well as monthly indices of the observed parameters were correlated. The obtained results indicate that the fluctuations in the galactic part of cosmic radiation affect the variation of the annual 7Be concentration index in the deposit. The coefficient of determining the annual indices of the observed parameters shows that the modulation of cosmic radiation can explain 33% of the variation of the annual values of the concentration of 7Be in the deposit. Proceedings: [http://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/8681] XXX симпозијум ДЗЗСЦГ (Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе), 2- 4. октобар 2019. године, Дивчибаре, Србија

Translokacije stabilnih i radioaktivnih izotopa iz jedne u drugu kariku ekološkog sistema, kvantitativno i kvalitativno se opisuju preko odreĎenih ekoloških parametara. Procena radioekološke situacije je sprovedena odreĎivanjem različitih parametara koji predstavljaju objektivne pokazatelje radijacione sigurnosti za ciklus obrade zemljišta i biljne proizvodnje, čime je utvrĎena translokacija radionuklida 90Sr u agroekosistemu ispitivanog područja. U sprovedenoj studiji su prikazani sledeći radioekološki parametri: transfer faktor zemljište -usev, broj stroncijumovih jedinica, koeficijent diskriminacije, koeficijent zaštite i K-parametar. Ovi parametri su izračunati na osnovu specifične aktivnosti radioizotopa 90Sr i koncentracije ukupnog kalcijuma uzemljištu i usevima. Rezultati izračunavanja radioekoloških parametara su ukazali na sledeće činjenice: najveći deo radioizotopa 90Sr akumulira se u korenu useva, što potvrĎuje da je glavni mehanizam njegove akumulacije resuspenzija iz zemljišta; brzina akumulacije 90Sr u odnosu na ukupni Ca iz zemljišta zavisi od vrste zemljišta i useva, kao i od koncentracije ukupnog Ca u zemljištu. Translocation of stabile and radioactive isotopes from one to the other chain in the ecosystem is quantitatively and qualitatively described using the certain ecological parameters. The assesment of the radioecological situation is performed by determination of different parameters that represent the objective indicators of radiation safety for processing of soil and plant production. In this way, translocation of 90Sr in the agro-ecosystem of the investigated areas is determined. The following radiological parameters are presented in this study: soil-crop transfer factor, nuber of strontium units, discrimination coefficient and K-parameter. These parameters are calculated based on the specific activity of 90Sr and total Ca concentration in soil and crop. The results of the parameter calculation indicated that for the most part, 90Sr is acumulated in the root of the crop, which confirmes that the main path of the acumulation is the resuspension from soil; 90Sr acumulation rate, in comparison to total Ca in soil, depends on the soil and crop type as well as the total Ca concentration in soil. Proceedings: [http://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/8681] XXX симпозијум ДЗЗСЦГ [Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе], 2- 4. октобар 2019. године, Дивчибаре, Србија

Merna nesigurnost rezultata merenja predstavlja pokazatelj kvaliteta izvršenog merenja. U laboratorijama za ispitivanje najčešće se prikazuje kombinovana merna nesigurnost na nivou poverenja 95% (k=2). U slučaju kada laboratorijskoj analizi prethodi postupak uzorkovanja, budžet nesigurnosti rezultata merenjatreba (prema ISO17025:2017), da obuhvata i nesigurnost koja potiče usled postupka uzorkovanja. U ovom radu je opisan postupak procene nesigurnosti rezultata merenja usled uzorkovanja. The uncertainty of the measurement results is an indicator of the quality of the performed measurement. In the testing laboratories, the combined measurement uncertainty is usually given at the level of confidence of 95% (k = 2). If the laboratory analysis is preceded by a sampling procedure, the uncertainty budget of the measurement results should (according to ISO17025: 2017) include the uncertainty arising from the sampling procedure. This paper describes the procedure for estimating the uncertainty of the results of measurement due to sampling. Proceedings: [http://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/8681] XXX симпозијум ДЗЗСЦГ (Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе), 2- 4. октобар 2019. године, Дивчибаре, Србија

U radu su prikazane mogućnosti za ispitivanje kontaminacije ţivotne sredine, do koje je došlo 1999. godine tokom dejstava NATO avijacije osiromašenim uranijumom na nekoliko lokaliteta u juţnoj Srbiji. S obzirom na proteklo vreme, imajući u vidu da je izvršena sanacija kontaminiranih područja i da rezultati monitoringa ne pokazuju značajna odstupanja od prirodnih varijacija, za sva dalja istraţivanja bi bilo potrebno razmotriti unapredjivanje i uvodjenje osetljivijih metoda i tehnika za odredjivanje niskih koncentracija uranijuma i njegovih izotopa u sloţenim matriksimaiz ţivotne sredine i biološkim materijalima. Dosadašnja istraţivanja su obuhvatila radiohemijsku karakterizaciju projektila, ispitivanjesadrţaja, distribucije i migracijeOU kroz različite segmente ţivotnesredine, mobilnost i veze sa prirodnim supstratima u zemljištu. Za analizu su korišćene radiohemijske analitičkeprocedure i tehnike kao što su separacija primenom jonskehromatografije, primena trasera, elektrodepozicija,višestepene sekvencijalne ekstrakcije, fluorimetrijska, alfa spektrometrijska i gamaspektrometrijska merenja. Dalja ispitivanja bi se mogla vršiti u pravcu specijacije OU, analize njegove kinetike i termodinamike u fizičko-hemijskim procesima u ţivotnoj sredini uz primenu komplementarnih analitičkih procedura i tehnika visoke osetljivosti i tehnika pogodnih za mikroanalizu čestica ikarakterizaciju materijala, kao što su HR ICP-MS, LSC, SIMS, μ-XANES itd. The capabilities of study on environmental contamination caused 1999 by NATO air strikes using depleted uranium at several locations in southern Serbia. Having in mind passed time, implemented clean up activities in contaminated areas and no indication of significant deviations from natural levels within the monitoring assessment, for any further studies on low level uranium and its isotopes concentrations in complex environmental and biological samples, the advanced and more sensitive methods and techniques should be involved. Up to now, the studies on the radiochemical characterization of the projectile, depelted uranium contents, distribution and migration through the environmental departments and on ingress into natural substrates, have been conducted using the radiochemical analytical procedures and techniques like ion chromatography separations, application of tracers, electrodeposition, multi-step sequential extractions, fluorometric, alpha spectrometric and gama spectrometric measurements. The topic of further studies may be depleted uranium speciation, kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of its behaviour in environmental physicochemical processes so that complementary highly sensitive analytical procedures and techniques as well as techniques suitable for particles microanalysis and materials chracterization, like HR ICP-MS, LSC, SIMS,μ-XANES, etc, should be considered. Proceedings: [http://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/8681] XXX симпозијум ДЗЗСЦГ (Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе), 2- 4. октобар 2019. године, Дивчибаре, Србија