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This article introduces an advanced theoretical approach, named the Trigonometric Kalman Filter (TKF), to enhance measurement accuracy for multi-head rotational encoders. Leveraging the processing capabilities of a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), the proposed TKF algorithm uses trigonometric functions and sophisticated signal fusion techniques to provide highly accurate real-time angle estimation with rapid response. The inclusion of the Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) algorithm enables swift and efficient computation of trigonometric values, facilitating precise tracking of angular position and rotational speed. This approach represents a notable advancement in control systems, where high accuracy and minimal latency are essential for optimal performance. The paper addresses key challenges in angle measurement, particularly the signal fusion inaccuracies that often impede precision in high-demand applications. Implementing the TKF with an FPGA-based pure fixed-point method not only enhances computational efficiency but also significantly reduces latency when compared to conventional software-based solutions. This FPGA-based implementation is particularly advantageous in real-time applications where processing speed and accuracy are critical, and it demonstrates the effective integration of hardware acceleration in improving measurement fidelity. To validate the effectiveness of this approach, the TKF was rigorously tested on a precision drive control system, configured for a direct PMSM drive in an astronomical telescope mount equipped with a standard 0.5 m telescope frequently used by astronomers. This real-world application highlights the TKF's ability to meet the stringent positioning and measurement accuracy requirements characteristic of astronomical observation, a field where minute angular adjustments are critical. The FPGA-based design enables high-frequency updates, essential for managing the minor, precise adjustments required for telescope control. The study includes a comprehensive computational analysis and experimental testing on an Altera Stratix FPGA board, presenting a detailed comparison of the TKF's performance with other known methods, including fusion techniques such as differential methods, α – β filters, and related Kalman filtering applied to one sensors. The study demonstrates that the four-head fusion configuration of the TKF outperforms traditional methods in terms of measurement accuracy and responsiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the operation of a modified speed controller with a standard PI/PID structure that includes the preprocessing of the controller's input signal, focusing on the past behavior of control errors. The modification involves adding a delay line, with the outputs of the individual line segments summed with a weighting method, as detailed in the paper. One of the significant advantages of this method is its use of a standard industrial controller structure, which makes it highly practical and easily implementable in existing systems. By relying on well-established control frameworks, this approach reduces the need for specialized hardware or complex modifications, allowing for smoother integration and lower implementation costs. The delay-based signal shaping shows excellent properties for the electric drive system powered by a hard-switching PWM converter. The set of weighted delays acts as a filter whose parameters are chosen using the quality function to test different configurations for optimal performance. When tested in a speed control system for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor, the modifications improved the control quality index, indicating better performance and efficiency. Importantly, the system allows for reducing or eliminating the gain in the differentiating part of the controller, which decreases motor current chattering and noise. This paper includes an experimental verification of the proposed solution in a laboratory setting under semi-industrial conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the application of the Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm to the sensorless control of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). The proposed estimation strategy, based on the unscented Kalman filter (UKF), uses only the measurement of the motor current for the online estimation of speed, rotor position and load torque. Information about the system state is fed into the MPC algorithm. The results verify the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed sensorless control technique. To demonstrate its real-world applicability, implementation in low-speed direct drive astronomy telescope mount systems is investigated. The outcomes of the implementation are thoroughly examined, leading to insightful conclusions drawn from the observed results. Through rigorous theoretical analysis and extensive simulation studies, this paper establishes a solid foundation for the proposed sensorless control technique. The results obtained from simulation studies and real-world applications underscore the efficacy and versatility of the proposed approach, offering valuable insights for the advancement of sensorless control strategies in motor applications. The main aim of this work is to demonstrate and validate the practical feasibility of combining two complex techniques, establishing that such an integration is not only possible but also effective in achieving the desired objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)