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Setanodosa jacquesi sp. nov. Figs 1–8 Type material. South Africa, Western Cape Province. Stellenbosch Mountain, floating on water in a rock pool, collected by hand (RSA10_STB002), 33.9697°S; 18.9006°E, 1000 m above sea level, 29 August 2010, C. JanionScheepers and J. Scheepers leg. Holotype: one female. Paratypes: three females and two juveniles. Material deposit. Three specimens on two slides deposited at the SAMC (one slide with the female holotype and one juvenile and one slide with one female voucher skin from barcode plate 06176H04), one slide with one female and one juvenile deposited at the MNHN. Description. Length. 0.9–1.2 mm. Body plump. Pigmentation uniformly bright red when alive and in ethanol (Fig. 1). Granulation fine and regular. Diameter of a granule same as socket of the tergite S-chaetae. Paurochaetotic and moderately heterochaetotic. Antennae (Figs 2, 3A). Antennae short, about 3/4 as long as head. Ant. I, II and III with 7, 12 and 17/18 ordinary chaetae respectively, some very slightly serrated. Ant. III and IV fused dorsally with clear ventral separation. Sensory organ on third antennal segment complete, with two small internal globular S-chaetae surrounded by two tapering, blunt, subequal guard S-chaetae, and a ventral S-microchaeta. Ant. IV dorsally with long ordinary and mou-chaetae, of very similar morphology, thin, and hardly blunt apically; S-chaetae undistinguishable, possibly corresponding to the shortest dorsal chaetae; a small dorso-external thick S-microchaeta distally. Subapical organite “or” extremely minute. Apical bulb very large, irregular, trilobed. Ventral sensory rasp not differentiated. Ocular plate (Fig. 3B, C). Ocelli 8 + 8, in black pigmented eyepatch. PAO round with 6-8 vesicles, arranged in a circle, approximately the same size as an ocellus. Mouthparts (Fig. 4A, B). Buccal cone truncated. Mandibles absent. Maxilla head typical of the genus, globular, with five strong, apically rounded teeth and parallel striations proximally, a sixth one, very reduced, sometimes present basally. Labium with subequal chaetae.A, B, C, D, E, F, f, G and 5 lateral ones (a, b, c, d, e); rooted papillate chaeta L present; no x-papilla seen. Dorsal chaetotaxy (Figs 4C, 5A, B, C, 6). Dorsal macrochaetae of moderate length, straight, thick, sheathed, smooth, and slightly clavate on Abd. III to VI. Mesochaetae curved, non-sheathed, not clavate, smooth or slightly serrated. S-chaetae thinner, rather short, subequal, 0.45 as long as dorso-external macrochaetae on Abd. V. Chaetotaxy of head with asymmetries, chaetae a0 and an uneven chaeta at the level of d2 present. Th. II to Abd. V macrochaetae as 22/22223 per side. Th. I to Abd. V dorso-internal chaetae as 143/33332. Th. II to Abd. V S-chaetae as 2,2/2,1,1,1,1 per side, ms present laterally on Th. II, remote from S-chaeta. Position of S-chaetae 3,3/4,4,4,4,2. Thorax I with 3 + 3 chaetae. Th. II with (9+2S+ms) and Th. III with (8+2S) per side, chaetae a2 absent on Th. III. Abd. VI with 6 clavate chaetae and 7 or 8 acuminate chaetae, of which one anterior (a0) and one posterior (p0?) are unpaired. Ventral chaetotaxy (Figs 5D, E, 7B). Chaetae smooth, thin and acuminate. Thoracic sternites without chaetae. Ventral tube with 2+2 distal and 1+1 postero-basal chaetae. Abd. II with 2+2 chaetae Ve, Abd. III with 6–7+6–7 chaetae Ve, Abd. IV with 6–7+6–7 chaetae VL and 7–8+7–8 chaetae Ve (with rare asymmetries). Furca and tenaculum absent, furcal rest with 4 microchaetae (Fig. 5D). Abd. V with 2+2 chaetae Ag and 4–5+4–5 chaetae VL, genital plate of female with 13–17 circumgenital microchaetae and 1+1 or possibly 2+2 eugenital microchaetae (Figs 5E, 7B). Male genital plate not observed. Anal region with 3 hr chaetae on each valve and 14 + 14 Ve chaetae, of which 1-2 + 1-2 are macrochaetae. Legs (Fig. 7A). Claw without internal or lateral tooth. Tibiotarsi I, II, III respectively with 19,19,18 chaetae (11,11,11 in the apical whorl and 8,8, 7 in the basal whorl, chaetae M present); among them, 4,4,4 thick and strongly clavate chaetae (of which 2,2,2 dorsal and 2,2,2 ventral). Femur I, II, III with 12, 12, 11 chaetae; trochanter I, II, III with 6, 6, 6 chaetae; coxae I, II, III with 3, 6, 7 chaetae respectively. Ecology. Setanodosa jacquesi sp. nov. is only know from a single location in the Cape region. It has been collected floating on water in a rock pool. Etymology. We dedicate this species to its collector, Jacques Scheepers. Barcoding results. The mitochondrial genome of Brachystomella parvula has been recently published by Jiang et al. (2019). We give here the first COI sequences published for different genera, species and populations of the family, including two Setanodosa and two Brachystomella Agren, 1903 species (Fig. 8). Between-species divergences are high, ranging from 22 to 26 %, i.e. similar to or even higher than between-species divergences observed in other families according to available literature (Porco et al. 2012, Sun et al. 2018). Divergences within species are low (0-1.8 %). As expected, S. jacquesi sp. nov. is well separated from the sub-Antarctic species S. steineni, the only other species of the genus which has been barcoded so far., Published as part of Janion-Scheepers, Charlene & Deharveng, Louis, 2022, A shocking-red new species of Setanodosa Salmon, 1942 (Collembola: Brachystomellidae) from South Africa, pp. 483-495 in Zootaxa 5154 (4) on pages 484-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5154.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/6651283, {"references":["Jiang, L., Dong, J., Jin, J. & Zhang, F. (2019) Mitochondrial genome of Brachystomella parvula (Collembola: Brachystomellidae). Mitochondrial DNA Part B Resources, 5 (1), 104 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 23802359.2019.1698372","Agren, H. (1903) Zur Kenntniss der Apterygoten-Fauna Sud-Schwedens. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 64, 113 - 176.","Porco, D., Bedos, A., Greenslade, P., Janion, C., Skarzynski, D., Stevens, M. I. & Deharveng, L. (2012) Challenging species delimitation in Collembola: cryptic diversity among common springtails unveiled by DNA barcoding. Invertebrate Systematics, 26 (6), 470 - 477. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 12026","Sun, X., Bedos, A. & Deharveng, L. (2018) Unusually low genetic divergence at COI barcode locus between two species of intertidal Thalassaphorura (Collembola: Onychiuridae). PeerJ, 6, e 5021. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 5021"]}

Brachystomellidae of South Africa At present, three genera and seven species of Brachystomellidae are known from South Africa including S. jacquesi sp. nov. The map (Fig. 9) indicates the geographical locations of published records (Janion-Scheepers et al. 2015) and barcoded specimen records of this study. It highlights large geographical gaps, which are not real, as Brachystomella is widespread and common in most regions of South Africa. All species are known from the southern part of the country as most collection efforts have been concentrated in this area (Janion-Scheepers et al. 2015). Interestingly, a single record of Brachystomellidae has been published for the whole Ethiopian region outside South Africa (Thibaud 2013), Brachystomella contorta Denis, 1931 from Ivory Coast, a species considered as pantropical (Zon et al. 2013). This species was not present in the material examined so far from South Africa. Despite the paucity of distributional data, the rarity of the family Brachystomellidae north of southern South Africa may reflect the wellknown global pattern of a southern hemisphere distribution of the family, which is extensively documented in the literature (Najt & Weiner 1996, Weiner & Najt 2001, Greenslade 2018). One genus (Probrachystomellides) and four species of Brachystomellidae (P. nicolaii, Brachystomella parvula africana, B. coatesi and B. georgensis) are endemic to South Africa. One additional species of Brachystomella, B. parvula (Schäffer, 1896), has a wider distribution and is possibly introduced. This species, considered cosmopolitan in distribution (Fjellberg 1998), is the most frequently cited from South Africa, but these ancient records need confirmation, as we have not found it so far in our samples (since 2008). According to Weiner & Najt (1991), Brachystomella platensis Najt & Massoud, 1974, described from South America (Najt & Massoud 1974) where it was probably introduced, but mostly present in Australia (Greenslade & Najt 1987, Najt & Weiner 1996, Greenslade 2018), is closely related to B. georgensis from which it differs by a few characters. We provisionally assigned the specimens of most South African populations that we have barcoded to this species, as cf. platensis (Table 1). A most interesting side-result of our study is that COI sequences of specimens of this species from Australia (Melbourne) are identical to those of specimens from South Africa. Brachystomella cf. platensis is therefore present in both regions. Its identity is however uncertain, given in particular its similarity with B. georgensis. This will be checked in further morphological and molecular studies which are beyond the scope of this paper. The only species of Setanodosa described from South Africa, S. capitata, has also been recorded from Australia by Womersley (1939), a record which seeks confirmation (Greenslade 1994). The genus Brachystomella is by far the most common in soils of southern South Africa, with several unpublished records of unidentified species that were not considered in this paper. Ecologically, it is present in soil, less frequently in more xeric habitats. The genus Setanodosa is much less frequently observed. Morphologically, it corresponds to the “hemiedaphon xerophil” biological form of Gisin (1943), with its very developed and strongly clavate tenent hairs. The genus is found on rocks but is also present in litter. However, the number of records, most of unidentified species, is not enough to speculate on the ecology of Setanodosa species. The third genus, Probrachystomellides, is only known so far from the type locality (Probrachystomellides nicolaii)., Published as part of Janion-Scheepers, Charlene & Deharveng, Louis, 2022, A shocking-red new species of Setanodosa Salmon, 1942 (Collembola: Brachystomellidae) from South Africa, pp. 483-495 in Zootaxa 5154 (4) on page 492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5154.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/6651283, {"references":["Janion-Scheepers, C., Deharveng, L., Bedos, A. & Chown, S. L. (2015) Updated list of Collembola species currently recorded from South Africa. ZooKeys, 503, 55 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 503.8966","Thibaud, J. M. (2013) Essai sur l'etat des connaissances de la diversite des Collemboles de l'Empire Africano-Malgache. Russian Entomological Journal, 22 (4), 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / rusentj. 23.4.01","Denis, J. R. (1931) Contributo a la conoscenza del \" Microgenton \" di Costa Rica. II-Collemboles de Costa Rica avec une contribution au species de l'ordre. Bolletino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria, 15, 69 - 170.","Zon, S. D., Thibaud, J. M. & Tano, Y. (2013) Etats des connaissances sur les Collemboles de Cote d'Ivoire (Afrique de l'ouest) (Collembola). Russian Entomological Journal, 22 (2), 91 - 96.","Najt, J. & Weiner, W. M. (1996) Geographical distribution of Brachystomellinae (Collembola, Neanurinae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 72, 61 - 69.","Weiner, W. M. & Najt, J. (2001) Species of Brachystomella (Collembola. Brachystomellidae) from the Neotropical region. European Journal of Entomology, 98 (3), 387 - 413. https: // doi. org / 10.14411 / eje. 2001.059","Greenslade, P. (2018) Conspectus of Australian Brachystomellidae (Collembola) with description of new species of Rapoportella and redescription of Cassagnella anomala. European Journal of Entomology, 115, 117 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.14411 / eje. 2018.010","Schaffer, C. (1896) Die Collembola der Umgebung von Hamburg. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 13, 149 - 216.","Fjellberg, A. (1998) The Collembola of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Part I. Poduromorpha. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica, 35, 1 - 183.","Weiner, W. M. & Najt, J. (1991) Collembola Poduromorpha of South Africa. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, 42 (3 - 4), 369 - 387.","Najt, J. & Massoud, Z. (1974) Contribution l'etude des Brachystomellinae (Insectes, Collemboles. I. - Nouvelles especes recoltees en Argentine. Revue d'Ecologie et de Biologie du Sol, 11, 367 - 372.","Greenslade, P. & Najt, J. (1987) Collemboles Brachystomellinae de l'Australie. I. Les genres Brachystomella et Rapoportella. Annales de la Societ Entomologique de. France, 4, 435 - 453.","Womersley, H. (1939) Primitive Insects of South Australia. S. A. Branch Brit. Sci. Guild, Adelaide, 322 pp.","Greenslade, P. (1994) Collembola. In: Houston, W. W. K. (Ed.), Zoological catalogue of Australia. Vol. 22. Protura, Collembola, Diplur a. CSIRO Australia, Melbourne, pp. 19 - 138.","Gisin, H. (1943) Okologie und Lebensgemeinschaften der Collembolen im schweizerischen Exkursionsgebiet Basels. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 50, 131 - 224."]}

Manuscript of Hoskins, J.L., Janion-Scheepers, C., Ireland, E., Monro, K. & Chown, S.L. 2020. Constant and fluctuating temperature acclimations have similar effects on phenotypic plasticity in springtails. Journal of Thermal Biology 93, 102690.