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There are technical challenges in imaging studies that can three‐dimensionally (3D) analyze a single fiber (SF) to observe the functionality of the entire muscle after stroke. This study proposes a 3D assessment technique that only segments the SF of the right stroke‐induced soleus muscle of a gerbil using synchrotron radiation x‐ray microcomputed tomography (SR‐μCT), which is capable of muscle structure analysis. Curvature damage in the SF of the left soleus muscle (impaired) progressed at 7‐day intervals after the stroke in the control; particularly on the 7 days (1 week) and 14 days (2 weeks), as observed through visualization analysis. At 2 weeks, the SF volume was significantly reduced in the control impaired group (p =.033), and was significantly less than that in the non‐impaired group (p =.009). We expect that animal post‐stroke studies will improve the basic field of rehabilitation therapy by diagnosing the degree of SF curvature. Research Highlights: Muscle evaluation after ischemic stroke using synchrotron radiation x‐ray microcomputed tomography (SR‐μCT).Curvature is measured by segmenting a single fiber (SF) in the muscle.Structural changes in the SF of impaired gerbils at 7‐day intervals were assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis (OP) is difficult to diagnose through the three‐dimensional visualization of micro‐damage. In this study, aimed to make an objective diagnosis by visualizing micro‐damage caused by OP using synchrotron radiation‐based μCT (SR‐μCT). Female mice (n = 12) were randomly divided into an ovariectomized group (OVX, n = 6) in which both ovaries were excised and OP occurred, and a sham‐operated group (SHAM, n = 6). After six weeks, all femurs (left and right) were excised from both groups (n = 12 per group). Thereafter, femurs were randomly divided into SR‐μCT (OVX group, n = 6; SHAM group, n = 6) and μCT (OVX group, n = 6; SHAM group, n = 6) groups. In the SR‐μCT group, micro‐damage was visualized by manually segmenting the cortical bone, trabecular bone, and intracortical vasculature using a water‐shedding algorithm. In addition, trabecular bone was obtained by automatic segmentation using μCT. Cortical bone volume/total volume was greater (p =.015), and cortical thickness was greater in the SHAM group than in the OVX group (p =.007). Among the trabecular bone parameters, the bone volume/total volume (TV) in OVX was significantly lower than that in the SHAM group (p =.012). The canal volume was greater (p =.021) and lacuna volume was greater (p <.001) in the SHAM group than in the OVX group. We expect that it will be possible to analyze damage and recovery mechanisms in the field of rehabilitation. SR‐μCT has been proposed as an objective method for OP diagnosis as it allows the visualization of microstructures. Research Highlights: Damage mechanism for diagnosis and evaluation in an osteoporosis model.Synchrotron radiation can objectively diagnose osteoporosis.Visualization is possible by segmenting microdamage caused by osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preclinical experiments to analyze the trabecular space of spongy bones using small animals are required for the evaluation and treatment of patients with osteoporosis (OP). We performed ovariectomy to create OP models. A total of four mice were used. Ovariectomized group (OVX, n = 2) in which both ovaries were resected at random, and the sham operated group (SHAM, n = 2) performed surgery without resecting the ovaries. We propose a study that enables OP analysis by analyzing tibia microstructures of OVX and SHAM using synchrotron radiation (SR). SR imaging is a technology capable of irradiating an extremely small object in the order of several tens of nanometers using a nondestructive method at the microscopic level. Unlike previous imaging diagnoses (staining, micro‐CT [Computed Tomography]) it was possible to preserve the real shape and analyze bone microstructures in real‐time and analyze and evaluate spongy bones to secure data and increase the reliability of OP analysis. We were able to confirm the possibility of OP diagnosis through experimental animals for spongy bone damage related to bone mineral density. Therefore, we aimed to provide a rehabilitation and medicine therapy intervention method through basic research on the evaluation of OP diagnosis through human‐based segmentation of challenging spongy bones while supplementing the limitations of existing imaging methods. Research Highlights: We present an analysis of osteoporosis through spongy bone using phase‐contrast X‐ray source. Unlike existing methods, it is possible to analyze the internal microstructure of the tibia with this method. This is an objective mechanism for OP and a basis for rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was to construct a quantitative analysis for the diagnosis and evaluation of osteoporosis by using synchrotron radiation based X‐ray, which can analyze the three‐dimensional microstructure of white mouse tibia. The anatomical structure and microstructure of the white mouse tibia was obtained through synchrotron radiation, and to achieve this, three‐dimensional structural analysis was performed. Then, we visualized the quantified analysis and microstructure information with high‐resolution imagery through the image data obtained by synchrotron radiation. In addition, it was confirmed that synchrotron radiation can obtain more reliable results through accurate observation than analysis by the mechanical method. The present invention can provide the diagnosis and evaluation associated with osteoporosis. It is expected that this will provide a basis for the evaluation and prevention of evidence‐based skeletal diseases. Visualization of the mouse tibia based on synchrotron radiation X‐ray could be used to analyze the internal microstructures of the bone. In this study, we suggest that visualization through 3D reconstruction of the mouse tibia suggests a useful quantitative analysis method for the diagnosis and evaluation of degenerative skeletal diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cover image is based on the Original Article Analysis of type I osteoporosis animal models using synchrotron radiation by Onseok Lee et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23911. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]