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The role of IPR's ability in the progress of society is undisputable. Such protections are be instrumental in making sure that adequate investment in terms of money and time are made for food security and sustainable agriculture ecosystem. Revolutionary technologies of genetic transformation leading to the products like genetically modified crops (GM) have glamorized an otherwise rustic industry. There is a general consensus in relation to the complexity of the issue and granting gene patents which in themselves (isolation) are worthless. Only in conjugation with complex biological system of a plant can they show their effect. Super crops are now possible through various plant biotechnological interventions to obtain the desired traits by changing the genome of plants. Such techniques are research intensive and demand high investment, hence legal protection through intellectual property rights is imperative. But it is complicated to grant a patent or similar monopoly on plant genetic resources as it has direct implications on food affordability and security especially in developing countries. Additionally, giant seed companies of developed countries have gained many patents on genes of plants, misappropriating the plant genetic resources of poor or undeveloped countries which are rich in biodiversity giving rise to biopiracy. The purpose of the article is to examine the legal framework for gene patenting in reference to plant variety protection (PVP) in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven bread wheat genotypes were crossed by using half diallel design (7 × 7) for the study of traits. Analysis of variance was significant for all the traits. Revealed that HI-1544 was good general combiner for number of grains/ear; MP-1203 was good general combiner for biological yield/plant and chlorophyll content; GW-273, MP-4010 and HD-2932 were good general combiner for protein content. Hybrids, HI-1544 X LOK-1, MP-1203 X MP-4010 and MP-3173 X HD-2932 were observed desirable significant effect of sca on grain yield/plant. Hybrids with desirable significant effect of gca on grain yield and other traits can be used for the development of varieties. STS primers of PPO18 were used to find out the co-dominant loci in the crosses and single dominant loci in parents. PPO18 showed polymorphic banding pattern. Primer gave polymorphic dominant loci in parents and co-dominant loci in hybrids (MP-4010 X LOK-1, MP-4010 X GW-273, MP-4010 X HI-1544, HD-2932 X MP-4010 and MP-3173 X MP-4010). SST primer was used to authenticate best performance hybrid, MP-4010 X LOK-1 was not significant SCA for studied traits but their parents were good combiner for ear length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present experiment was carried out to estimate the spacing effect on quality, yield and yield related traits in cauliflower during 2015-16. The experiment consists of eight elite varieties/hybrids named as Spring Star, Aishwarya, Snowball-16, Pornima Snow White, US-Agri., RIJK du-Bishop RZ 26-904, Jyoti 2 and Denali RZ 26-960 (F1 Hybrid). These were plotted in split-plot design i.e. main factor (Spacing (60 & 45 cm)) and sub factor (cultivars) with three replications. Data was recorded for plant height (cm), curd weight (g), leaf length (cm), leaf width (cm), number of leaves per plant, curd spreading diameter (cm), stalk length (cm) and yield per hectare (T/ha). Relatively wide range of variation was found among cultivars and RIJK-du and Denali RZ 26-960 performed better for quantitative and qualitative characters such as yield per hectare, curd weight and leaf length. RIJK-du had maximum curd weight (1210.22 gm) and leaf length (33.50 cm) whereas Denali RZ 26-904 had maximum curd yield (280.42 q), spreading diameter (55.40 cm), curd knobs (17.30), equatorial diameter (23.90 cm), plant height (16.90 cm), half cut length (18.47 cm), number of leaves (16.90), leaf width (20.32 cm), leaf area (778.10 sq. cm) and stalk length (16.42 cm). However, Spacing does not have significant effect on curd count number, curd weight, Curd yield, plant height, number of leaves per plant, spreading diameter and stalk length. Out of eight cultivars, two cultivars viz; RIJK-du (280.10 q/ha) and Denali RZ 26-960 (280.42 q/ha) were found promising for yield per hectare. So thereby recommended for large scale cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]