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Background:Prostatic lesions account for the major afflictions in the geriatric population worldwide. Prostate specific antigen can be used for screening but histopathology remains the gold standard for differentiating benign and malignant prostatic enlargements and definite diagnosis. Furthermore, a precise pathologic evaluation of the prostatectomy specimen can provide additional prognostic factors including pathological stages and surgical margin status. Methods: A systematic search identified 306 prostatic specimens submitted in the department over a time period of three years (January 2019-December 2021). Relevant clinical data, PSA level and H&E stained sections were examined for microscopic details and diagnosis. Results: Benign Prostate Hypertrophy (BHP) was the most common prostatic lesion and accounted for 83% of all cases. The age range was 49 to 90 years with a peak age group between 6th-7th decade. BPH associated with prostatitis and basal cell hyperplasia was seen in 57.8% and 3.3% cases respectively. A single case of non-specific granulomatous prostatitis was seen. Malignant tumours constituted 15.7% of all prostatic specimen. Adenocarcinoma was the histopathological subtype in all primary tumours. A single case of metastatic deposits from bladder tumour was recorded. Gleason score 7 was the most frequent (38.2.8%) in occurrence. Most adenocarcinomas were moderately differentiated (55.3%). Prostate Intraepithelial neoplasia (pre malignant lesion) was seen in 1.3 % of cases. Conclusion: Benign Prostate lesions occur more frequently when compared to malignant ones. Major proportion of benign lesions was contributed by Benign prostate hypertrophy. A pathologist's awareness of the benign mimics is important for the diagnosis of Prostate carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The kidneys are affected by various tumors amongst which, majority of renal neoplasms are reported as malignant, with renal cell carcinoma and wilms tumor being the most commonly diagnosed entities. Material and Methods: The study comprises of 65 patients who were diagnosed as having renal tumors and were registered in the department of Pathology from 1st July 2018 to 30th September 2021. The demographic and clinicopathological data was collected and analysed carefully. Results: Of the 65 renal tumors studied, 6 (9.23%) were reported as benign and 59 (90.77%) were reported as malignant tumors, with Renal Cell Carcinoma and Wilms tumor being the most common ones. In our study, clear cell variant of renal cell carcinoma was the most common variant reported in 39 cases (60%). Majority of cases were reported in 51-60 years age group (25 cases, 38.5%) with mean age for RCC being 53 years and for wilms tumor being 2 years. Conclusion: A wide array of renal tumors are encountered day to day on the histopathology of nephrectomy specimens, many of which may be misdiagnosed clinically, so it is very important that each and every nephrectomy specimen be subjected to a meticulous and detailed histopathological examination for a clinico-pathological correlation to ensure proper post operative management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With the ongoing serious COVID-19 pandemic in India, mucormycosis, colloquially called as black fungus, has emerged as a serious fungal infection in patients who were earlier infected with COVID 19 virus. The prevalence of mucormycosis in India is approximately 140 per million population which is roughly 80 times more than that in the developed countries.The aim of our study was to analyse the clinicopathological profile of COVID19 positive patients presenting with mucormycosis to the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Jammu.Methods: We, here present 60 COVID positive patients, who had later on presented clinically as mucormycosis, along with radiological evidence of the same which was then confirmed on histopathology. Results: Mucormycosis was more common in male patients with male: female ratio of 4:1. All the 60 cases presented as rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis as their clinical presentation. Among various predisposing factors, diabetes mellitus came out to be the most common contributing factor. Conclusion: COVID 19 has set a fertile ground for development of life threatening infection like mucormycosis because of the various predisposing factors involved. Keeping in mind the fatality of this infection the diagnostic study for this opportunistic pathogen should not be ignored in case the patient is COVID-19 positive and immunosuppressed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) is a soft? tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. These are known to arise from the interstitial cells of Cajal. The aim of this study was to understand the clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical characteristics of GISTs in a tertiary care centre. Material Methods: This study comprises of 45 patients who were diagnosed as GIST and were registered in the department of Pathology from 1st May 2018 to 31st August 2021. The demographic and clinicopathological data was collected and analysed carefully. Results: Most of the patients presenting with GIST were in the 6th decade (23 cases, 51.1%) with females (35 cases, 77.8%) being more commonly affected than males. Stomach was the most common site of origin (30 cases, 66.7%) in our study, with abdominal pain (18 cases, 40%) being the most common presenting symptom. Spindle cell type was the most commonly reported histological type in 35 cases (77.8%). 80% of GISTs showed low mitotic counts. Majority of cases (35 cases, 77.8%) belonged to intermediate risk category. Conclusion:With the availability of various risk categorization systems, GISTs can be treated on the basis of assessment of array of prognostic factors, risk of metastasis and recurrence which will further aid in lowering the morbidity and mortality associated with GISTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenoid cystic carcinoma cervix (ACC) is an extremely rare (representing <1% of cervical carcinomas), highly aggressive cancer of old, macroscopically appearing as an irregular, friable mass and histologically showing a pseudo glandular or cribriform growth pattern. The tumor is highly infiltrative, often associated with vascular, lymphatic as well as perineural invasion and early recurrence. We report a case of ACC Cervix in a 20-year-old female who presented with vaginal bleeding and cervical biopsy suggested ACC. The patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy and the histopathological examination revealed adenoid cystic carcinoma cervix extending and inolving endometrium and greater than 2/3rd of the myometrium with uninvolved adnexa. We report this case because of its rarity and particularly unusual occurrence in young females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The lymph nodes function as an antigen filter for the reticuloendothelial system. They form part of immune system and function to fight disease and infections. Thus, clinical recognition and urgent diagnosis of palpable lymphadenopathy is of paramount importance. The aim of this study was to analyse the cytomorphological patterns of malignant lymph nodes by using FNAC. Material and Methods: This is an observational study which includes fine needle aspiration cytology of 160 cases of lymphadenopathy presenting to the department of pathology for 2 years. Results: A total of 160 malignant lymph node lesions were aspirated, of which 127 (79.38%) were of metastatic origin and 33 (20.63%) were reported as lymphomas. The most common metastatic malignancy reported was squamous cell carcinoma (62.98%). The cervical lymph node was the most commonly involved lymph node. Conclusion: The head and neck was reported as the most common primary site in case of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. FNAC is an effective, reliable and safe diagnostic modality for the diagnosis of malignant lymph node lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malignant lymphoma is a neoplastic entity which originates in lymphatic tissue. Primary breast lymphoma of breast is a rare and distinct possibility in the diagnosis of breast malignancies. We, here, report a case of primary breast lymphoma in a 45 years old female. The presumptive diagnosis was made on fine needle aspiration cytology which was later on confirmed on histology after lumpectomy. The histology and immunohistochemistry were in accordance with non -Hodgkin's lymphoma. Since the prognosis, management and outcome of primary breast lymphoma is totally different from that of carcinoma so, the clinicians treating breast carcinoma cases should be aware of this rare entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Variety of primary ovarian neoplasms reflects the complex function of the ovary. The study was conducted to know distribution of ovarian lesions, analyse their mode of presentation and distribution of various morphological pattern of ovarian neoplasms. Methods: A systematic search identified 205 ovarian lesion specimens submitted in the department over a time period of three years (January 2018-December 2020). The tumours were classified according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification 2016.Results: There was a wide age range from 11 years to 72 years. Among neoplastic ovarian lesions peak was seen in the fourth decade, mean 48.1 years. Sonographic appearance showed a prominent solid component (32/32,100%) in all malignant cases. Non-neoplastic cysts were more common (107, 52.2%) than neoplastic tumours (98, 47.8%). Among the neoplastic tumours (62) 63.3% were benign. Four borderline tumours (4.1%) were noted in the study. Surface epithelial tumours were the commonest histomorphological type 67 (68.4%). Granulosa cell tumour (4/32, 12.5%) was the commonest sex cord stromal tumour. Conclusion: Ovarian lesion possess wide gamut of histology. Non neoplastic ovarian lesions occur more frequently when compared to neoplastic lesions. Major proportion of malignant ovarian tumours was contributed by surface epithelial tumours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]