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Medulloblastomas are the most common solid tumors in children, accounting for 8–30% of pediatric brain cancers. It is a high-grade tumor with aggressive behavior and a typically b poor prognosis. Its treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, and presents high morbidity. Significant clinical, genetic, and prognostic differences exist between its four molecular subgroups: WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4. Many studies seek to develop new chemotherapeutic agents for medulloblastomas through the identification of genes whose expressions are new molecular targets for drugs, such as membrane receptors associated with cell replication. This study aimed to assess the association of CD114 expression with mortality in patients with medulloblastoma. Databases from the Medulloblastoma Advanced Genomics International Consortium (MAGIC) were analyzed, focusing on the expression of the CD114 membrane receptor in different molecular types and its possible association with mortality. Our findings showed different CD114 expressions between Group 3 and other molecular groups, as well as between the molecular subtypes SHH γ and Group 3 α and Group 3 β. There was no statistically significant difference between the other groups and subtypes. Regarding mortality, this study did not find statistical significance in the association between low and high CD114 expressions and mortality. Medulloblastoma is a heterogeneous disease with many subtype variations of its genetic and intracellular signaling pathways. Similarly to this study, which could not demonstrate different CD114 membrane receptor expression patterns between groups, others who sought to associate CD114 expression with mortality in other types of cancer failed to establish a direct association. Since many indications point to the relation of this gene with cancer stem cells (CSCs), it may be part of a more extensive cellular signaling pathway with an eventual association with tumor recurrence. This study found no direct relationship between CD114 expression and mortality in patients with medulloblastoma. Further studies are needed on the intracellular signaling pathways associated with this receptor and its gene (the CSF3R).

The surgical ressection of petroclival meningiomas is challenging due to its deep location and relationship with vital neurovascular structures. Usually they are benign injuries, but they can involve or infiltrate skull base bones, dura mater and brainstem. This makes the total removing very difficult or impossible without causing neurological deficits. The objective of this study is to review the surgical approaches used on the treatment of petroclival meningiomas and the knowledge which we achieved upon the surgical management of 30 cases.Series of 30 petroclival meningioma-cases. In the beginning of our series we used petrous approach for all the cases, however, with the acquiring of experience, we are indicating the retrosigmoid approach, leaving the petrous and skull-orbito-zigomatics approaches for selected cases.Owing to the difficulty of the access, the petroclival meningiomas usually require different surgical approaches and have distint surgical difficulties. There are three main approaches: fronto-orbito-zigomatics and variants; petrous and variants and retrosigmoid, and they can be combined. The choice for a surgical approach is usually on the location and size of the tumor, on the skull shape, the involvement of venous structures and according to the surgeon´s experience.Petroclival meningiomas are rare and complex on the skull base. The adequate choice is crucial to achieve the good surgical result.

Antecedentes: La resección quirúrgica de los meningiomas petroclivales es un desafío debido a su ubicación profunda y su relación con las estructuras neurovasculares vitales. Por lo general, son lesiones benignas, pero pueden involucrar o infiltrar huesos en la base del cráneo, la duramadre y el tronco encefálico. Esto hace que la extirpación total sea muy difícil o imposible sin causar déficits neurológicos. El objetivo de este estudio es revisar los abordajes quirúrgicos utilizados para tratar los meningiomas petroclivales y las lecciones que hemos aprendido en el manejo quirúrgico de 30 casos. Métodos: Serie de casos de 30 meningiomas petroclivales. Al comienzo de nuestra serie, utilizamos el abordaje petroso para todos los casos, pero con la adquisición de experiencia comenzamos a indicar cada vez más el abordaje retrosigmoideo, reservando los abordajes petrosos y cráneo-orbitocigomático para casos seleccionados. Resultados: Debido a la dificultad de acceso, los meningiomas petroclivales generalmente requieren diferentes abordajes quirúrgicos y presentan diferentes dificultades quirúrgicas. Hay tres abordajes principales: fronto-orbito-cigomático y variantes; petroso y variantes; y retrosigmoideo, pudiendo ser combinados. La elección del abordaje quirúrgico generalmente se basa en la ubicación y extensión del tumor, la forma del cráneo y la participación de las estructuras venosas, y la experiencia del cirujano. Conclusión: Los meningiomas petroclivales son raros y complejos en la base del cráneo. Elegir el abordaje correcto es crucial para un resultado quirúrgico exitoso.

Introducción: La granulomatosis de Wegener (GW) es una enfermedad autoinmune sistémica caracterizada por vasculitis granulomatosa necrotizante que afecta principalmente a las vías respiratorias superiores, pulmones y riñones. Sin embargo, con menos frecuencia puede afectar a los músculos, las articulaciones, la piel, los ojos, el sistema cardiovascular y el sistema nervioso. La presencia de dolor lumbar consiste en una manifestación clínica inusual debido a la afectación del sistema nervioso. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es alertar a los profesionales de la salud acerca de la posibilidad de cortar el dolor lumbar estar relacionado con la granulomatosis de Wegener, su impacto en la vida diaria del paciente, así como los signos clínicos y las formas de diagnóstico. Materiales y Métodos: Revisión de la literatura utilizando PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, SciELO, EBSCO. Los trabajos seleccionados entre 1995 y 2013 por un total de 48 obras de las cuales se seleccionaron 21 de acuerdo con sus informes de afectación neurológica, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Discusión: Los síntomas neurológicos pueden ocurrir en 22-50% de los pacientes durante el curso de la GW. sistema nervioso (SNC) central es poco frecuente (sólo 2-8% de los pacientes) dolor lumbar .Severe es una manifestación clínica poco frecuente y puede estar asociada con la participación de sistema nervioso central y periférico. CNS debido a la compresión de la médula espinal a nivel lumbar. sistema nervioso periférico debido a la compresión de las raíces nerviosas. Conclusión: La granulomatosis de Wegener es ser una enfermedad sistémica puede presentar diferentes manifestaciones clínicas De acuerdo con el sitio involucrado. Es asociaciones con el dolor lumbar es rara y la refleja la afectación neurológica. Por lo tanto, en pacientes con dolor lumbar grave sin diagnóstico confirmado, granulomatosis de Wegener no debería ser considerado.

Background: The best treatment for insular gliomas is surgical resection. The surgical treatment complexity of these lesions is due to the anatomy of the insula, and its proximity to functional cortical and subcortical structures, and to vascular structures. Efforts to preserve the integrity of these structures based exclusively on microsurgical anatomy do not guarantee that the patient will not present motor or language deficit in the postoperative period. Objectives: To present seven rules to achieve greater therapeutic success, aiming at increasing disease-free survival and the patient’s quality of life. Methods: Review article based on the senior author experience in insular microsurgical anatomy dissections, and 45 microsurgeries for insular gliomas, performed between 2006 and 2018. Results: There are 4 anatomical rules (fronto-orbital branch of the facial nerve, insular cortex, sylvian fissure and lenticulostriate arteries) and 3 functional rules (cortical mapping, subcortical mapping and internal capsule). Conclusions: Primarily, one must have a great anatomical domain and expertise in neurophysiological monitoring to obtain satisfactory results in the surgery of insular gliomas.

A 55 year-old man started with headaches in 2005. He underwent MRI that showed left frontal arteriovenous malformations (AVM) without evidence of hemorrhage. An arteriography revealed AVM supplied by the left anterior cerebral artery (Figures 1A and 1B). In 2010 the patient had an episode of cerebral hemorrhage confirmed with CT and MRI (Figures 2A, 2B and 2C). Referred to our service for treatment in 2012, when he was made a new arteriography that revealed complete spontaneous regression of the AVM (Figure 3). Complete spontaneous regression of the AVM is extremely rare, with only few cases in literature and an estimated prevalence of 0.8 to 1.3%.