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Purpose: This study examined the relationship between hedonic hunger (HH), sleep quality, and stress levels among university students in the United Arab Emirates and the Kingdom of Bahrain., Methods: We used a cross-sectional design with participants (N = 565) recruited via convenience sampling. Data were collected with a self-administered, standardized, and validated online questionnaire. HH was assessed with the Palatable Eating Motives Scale (PEMS) and Power of Food Scale (PFS), sleep quality and sleep components were assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), stress was evaluated with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and physical activity was examined with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used to assess the relationship between HH and sleep quality and perceived stress., Results: There were positive associations between total PSQI scores and total PEMS (β = 0.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06-0.25, P  = 0.001) and PFS (β = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.45-1.04, P  < 0.001). The likelihood of poor sleep quality increased by 8% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.08, P  = 0.020) and 43% (OR = 1.43, P  < 0.001) for each one-unit increase in PEMS and PFS scores, respectively. We also found positive associations between PSS scores and total PEMS (β = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.26-0.63, P  < 0.001) and PFS (β = 0.23, 95% CI: 1.04-2.22, P  < 0.001) scores., Conclusion: Reducing HH and stress levels may help to enhance sleep quality among university students. Conversely, improving sleep quality and reducing stress levels could improve HH in this population., Competing Interests: I, the undersigned author of the above-mentioned case report, hereby declare the following:1.I have obtained written informed consent from the patient for the publication of this case report, any accompanying data and images. Where consent was obtained from someone other than the patient, I confirm that this proxy was authorised to provide consent on the patient's behalf.2.Where the patient is a minor, we followed local laws on the age and circumstances under which they may consent for themselves. If they were not of legal age to consent, consent was obtained from an authorised proxy i.e. the parents or legal guardian. If the minor has reasonable understanding of the informed consent and implications, signature was also obtained from the minor.3.Where the patient provided consent themselves, I confirm that they had capacity to do so, and any mental or physical disabilities were taken into consideration in the process of informing and obtaining written consent.4.Where the patient has died, I confirm that the consent given still allows for publication.5.I confirm that all content presented in this case report, associated data and images have been anonymized to the best possible extent.6.The original signed and dated consent form is held by the treating institution and will be retained according to institutional policies and procedures.7.The informed consent form (please do not include with your submission) includes the patient's name, age, medical history, diagnosis, treatment, and any other relevant information.8.The patient/authorized proxy have been fully informed of the purpose of this case report, the potential risks and benefits of publication, and the consequence of disclosing their personal information.9.The patient or authorized proxy has been given the opportunity to ask questions regarding publication of the case report, has had their questions answered fully and has approved the final version of the manuscript, all associated data and images prior to publication.10.The patient or legal guardian(s) has been informed that their consent and participation in the publication of this case report is entirely voluntary. They have been informed that they have the right to withdraw their consent at any time.11.I confirm that at least one of the authors of this paper was involved in the care of the patient.12.I confirm that my article complies with the local law on consent and privacy. By signing this declaration form, I acknowledge that I have read and understood the information provided above, and I attest to the accuracy of this declaration. I understand that any false or misleading information may result in the rejection of the case report or other disciplinary actions. As corresponding author, I hereby declare that I sign this document on behalf of all the authors of the above-mentioned case report., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Background: Infections with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) pose a serious threat to patients with dysregulated immunity such as in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), but such infections have rarely been comprehensively characterized. Here, we present a fatal case of HLH secondary to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection complicated by both anti-viral drug resistance and sepsis from multiple MDROs including pandrug-resistant superbug bacteria., Case Presentation: A previously healthy, six-year-old boy presented with a 45-day history of fever prior to a diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and hemorrhagic colitis, both associated with CMV. On hospital admission, the patient was found to be colonized with multiple, multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria including vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and carbapenamase-producing organisms (CPO). He eventually developed respiratory, urine and bloodstream infections with highly drug-resistant, including pandrug-resistant bacteria, which could not be controlled by antibiotic treatment. Antiviral therapy also failed to contain his CMV infection and the patient succumbed to overwhelming bacterial and viral infection. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of the MDR bacteria and metagenomic analysis of his blood sample revealed an unusual accumulation of a wide range of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in a single patient, including antiviral resistance to ganciclovir, and resistance mechanisms to all currently available antibiotics., Conclusions: The case highlights both the risk of acquiring MDR superbugs and the severity of these infections in HLH patients.

Background: In 2010, Qatar adopted the target of reducing hepatitis B prevalence to < 1% in children by 2015. The World Health Organization Region for the Eastern Mediterranean is identified with intermediate hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemicity, ranging from 2% to 7%. It is estimated that 4.3 million individuals are living with HBV infection in the Region., Aims: This study was conducted to assess hepatitis B seroprevalence in children, hepatitis B vaccination coverage, potential exposure to risk factors, and knowledge among parents/guardians about hepatitis B infection., Methods: We carried out this cross-sectional study in Qatar during the academic year 2015/16. Multistage cluster sampling was used to select a nationally representative sample of 2735 grade 1 school students aged ≥ 5 years. Blood was collected by finger prick and tested using the point-of-care test/rapid test. A self-administered, precoded questionnaire was used to assess parent/guardian knowledge about HBV and collect information on the child's HBV vaccination coverage., Results: All blood samples were HBsAg negative. Qataris had a vaccination card and were totally vaccinated but 17.7% of non-Qataris did not hold a vaccination card and most parents/guardians were not aware of the vaccination status of their children. Children were exposed to various hepatitis B risk practices. Knowledge about hepatitis B among parents/ guardians was low., Conclusions: Qatar has averted the hepatitis B threat and maintained high vaccination coverage for children., (Copyright © World Health Organization (WHO) 2018. Some rights reserved. This work is available under the CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo).)

Objective: To study the changes in the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the era of the Hemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) type b vaccine and pneumoccous resistance., Methods: Retrospective study which included patients admitted to Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar between January 1998 through to December 2000 with positive cerebrospinal fluid culture., Results: Thirty-seven patients with culture proven bacterial meningitis were described. Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) and H. influenzae were the most common organisms, accounting for 30% and 24% of cases. Fever, neck stiffness, vomiting, and bulging fontanel were the most frequent presenting features. Fifty four percent of S. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to penicillin, and 22% of H. influenzae were resistant to ampicillin, but both were sensitive to ceftriaxone. No cases of Listeria monocytogenes meningitis were diagnosed. Morbidity was 32%, and mortality 5%. Poor outcome was associated with altered mental status on admission., Conclusion: Bacterial meningitis is a serious illness in our community with significant morbidity and mortality. Streptococcus pneumoniae and H. influenzae are the most frequent pathogens causing meningitis in our community. As there is no bacterial resistance (S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae) reported against ceftrixone, we recommend ceftriaxone alone as empiric therapy for patients with no comorbid conditions presenting with community acquired bacterial meningitis. A continuous surveillance for changes in the microbiology of organisms causing bacterial meningitis or their sensitivity in our community is essential to update these recommendations.

Objective: Neonatal meningitis is responsible for thousands of neonatal deaths annually all over the world. Our study was conducted to determine the epidemiology, management and best preventive measures for neonatal meningitis in Qatar., Methods: A retrospective study reviewed the records of bacterial meningitis patients under the age of one month. The study was carried out at Hamad Medical Hospital, the only hospital that provides health care at Qatar and the study period was between January 1998 to December 2000., Results: Thirteen patients were included. Sixty percent of patients had early onset meningitis. Causative organisms were group B Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas species, Neisseria meningitidis, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Flavibacterium meningococcus septicum. A bacterial resistance to the usual combination of ampicillin and gentamicin were noticed (as initial treatment before culture sensitivity results), which affected negatively on some patients. Complications of cerebral palsy, mental retardation and epilepsy occurred in 3 patients (23%). None of the patients died during the study period., Conclusion: Emphasis is placed on the importance of correct early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy. It is suggested that the identification and appropriate treatment of any maternal bacterial infection is an important measure in preventing neonatal sepsis and meningitis.

Objective: Neonatal meningitis is responsible for thousands of neonatal deaths annually all over the world. Our study was conducted to determine the epidemiology, management and best preventive measures for neonatal meningitis in Qatar., Methods: A retrospective study reviewed the records of bacterial meningitis patients under the age of one month. The study was carried out at Hamad Medical Hospital, the only hospital that provides health care at Qatar and the study period was between January 1998 to December 2000., Results: Thirteen patients were included. Sixty percent of patients had early onset meningitis. Causative organisms were group B Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas species, Neisseria meningitidis, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Flavibacterium meningococcus septicum. A bacterial resistance to the usual combination of ampicillin and gentamicin were noticed (as initial treatment before culture sensitivity results), which affected negatively on some patients. Complications of cerebral palsy, mental retardation and epilepsy occurred in 3 patients (23%). None of the patients died during the study period., Conclusion: Emphasis is placed on the importance of correct early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy. It is suggested that the identification and appropriate treatment of any maternal bacterial infection is an important measure in preventing neonatal sepsis and meningitis.