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Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic cannabinoid produced by the genus Cannabis, is a phytoceutical that activates the endocannabinoid system (ECS) through binding to CB1 and CB2 receptors. The ECS is involved in cellular homeostasis and regulates metabolic processes in virtually all mammalian tissues. Published studies on CBD focus, inter alia, on its use in prophylaxis and as an anti-inflammatory agent. Here the authors present a critical assessment of the effects of CBD on inflammatory periodontal diseases caused by bacterial virulence factors, and evaluate critically the possible benefits and drawbacks of CBD use in dentistry. Particular attention is paid to the interaction of CBD with microbially colonized oral tissues, the inflammatory response in relation to the immune response, and the destruction/regeneration of hard and soft tissues of the periodontium.

In this work, composite filaments in the form of sticks and 3D-printed scaffolds were investigated as a future component of an osteochondral implant. The first part of the work focused on the development of a filament modified with bioglass (BG) and Zn-doped BG obtained by injection molding. The main outcome was the manufacture of bioactive, strong, and flexible filament sticks of the required length, diameter, and properties. Then, sticks were used for scaffold production. We investigated the effect of bioglass addition on the samples mechanical and biological properties. The samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and microtomography. The effect of bioglass addition on changes in the SBF mineralization process and cell morphology was evaluated. The presence of a spatial microstructure within the scaffolds affects their mechanical properties by reducing them. The tensile strength of the scaffolds compared to filaments was lower by 58–61%. In vitro mineralization experiments showed that apatite formed on scaffolds modified with BG after 7 days of immersion in SBF. Scaffold with Zn-doped BG showed a retarded apatite formation. Innovative 3D-printing filaments containing bioglasses have been successfully applied to print bioactive scaffolds with the surface suitable for cell attachment and proliferation.

Aging is a complex physiological process that can be accelerated by chemical (high blood glucose levels) or physical (solar exposure) factors. It is accompanied by the accumulation of altered molecules in the human body. The accumulation of oxidatively modified and glycated proteins is associated with inflammation and the progression of chronic diseases (aging). The use of antiglycating agents is one of the recent approaches in the preventive strategy of aging and natural compounds seem to be promising candidates. Our study focused on the anti-aging effect of the flavonoid hesperetin, its glycoside hesperidin and its carbohydrate moieties rutinose and rhamnose on young and physiologically aged normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). The anti-aging activity of the test compounds was evaluated by measuring matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inflammatory interleukins by ELISA. The modulation of elastase, hyaluronidase, and collagenase activity by the tested substances was evaluated spectrophotometrically by tube tests. Rutinose and rhamnose inhibited the activity of pure elastase, hyaluronidase, and collagenase. Hesperidin and hesperetin inhibited elastase and hyaluronidase activity. In skin aging models, MMP-1 and MMP-2 levels were reduced after application of all tested substances. Collagen I production was increased after the application of rhamnose and rutinose.

The cornea and the skin are two organs that form the outer barrier of the human body. When either is injured (e.g., from surgery, physical trauma, or chemical burns), wound healing is initiated to restore integrity. Many cells are activated during wound healing. In particular, fibroblasts that are stimulated often transition into repair fibroblasts or myofibroblasts that synthesize extracellular matrix (ECM) components into the wound area. Control of wound ECM deposition is critical, as a disorganized ECM can block restoration of function. One of the most abundant structural proteins in the mammalian ECM is collagen. Collagen type I is the main component in connective tissues. It can be readily obtained and purified, and short analogs have also been developed for tissue engineering applications, including modulating the wound healing response. This review discusses the effect of several current collagen implants on the stimulation of corneal and skin wound healing. These range from collagen sponges and hydrogels to films and membranes.

Lipid nitroalkenes – nitro-fatty acids (NO2–FAs) are formed in vivo via the interaction of reactive nitrogen species with unsaturated fatty acids. The resulting electrophilic NO2–FAs play an important role in redox homeostasis and cellular stress response. This study investigated the physicochemical properties and reactivity of two NO2–FAs: 9/10-nitrooleic acid (1) and its newly prepared 1-monoacyl ester, (E)-2,3-hydroxypropyl 9/10-nitrooctadec-9-enoate (2), both synthesized by a direct radical nitration approach. Compounds 1 and 2 were investigated in an aqueous medium and after incorporation into lipid nanoparticles prepared from 1-monoolein, cubosomes 1@CUB and 2@CUB. Using an electrochemical analysis and LC-MS, free 1 and 2 were found to be unstable under acidic conditions, and their degradation occurred in an aqueous environment within a few minutes or hours. This degradation was associated with the production of the NO radical, as confirmed by fluorescence assay. In contrast, preparations 1@CUB and 2@CUB exhibited a significant increase in the stability of the loaded 1 and 2 up to several days to weeks. In addition to experimental data, density functional theory-based calculation results on the electronic structure and structural variability (open and closed configuration) of 1 and 2 were obtained. Finally, experiments with a human HaCaT keratinocyte cell line demonstrated the ability of 1@CUB and 2@CUB to penetrate through the cytoplasmic membrane and modulate cellular pathways, which was exemplified by the Keap1 protein level monitoring. Free 1 and 2 and the cubosomes prepared from them showed cytotoxic effect on HaCaT cells with IC50 values ranging from 1 to 8 μM after 24 h. The further development of cubosomal preparations with embedded electrophilic NO2–FAs may not only contribute to the field of fundamental research, but also to their application using an optimized lipid delivery vehicle.

Abstract  Hyiodine (high molecular weight hyaluronan combined with KI3 complex) is a new non-adhesive wound dressing which significantly improves the healing process. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of Hyoidine on functional properties of isolated human keratinocytes and leukocytes, and on those of U937 and HL60 cell lines. While KI3 complex inhibited the viability and proliferation of the cells tested, Hyiodine did not have any significant effect. The expression of CD11b, CD62L and CD69 on PMNL, monocytes and lymphocytes, as well as the oxidative burst of blood neutrophils, were not changed. On the contrary, Hyiodine inhibited the PMA-activated oxidative burst and significantly increased the production of IL-6 and TNF-α by lymphocytes. It was concluded that hyaluronan content of Hyiodine reduces the toxic effect of KI3 complex on cells and speeds up the wound healing process by increasing the production of inflammatory cytokines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we compared selected silymarin components, such as quercetin (QE), 2,3-dehydrosilybin (DHS) and silybin (SB), with the anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin (IND) in terms of their wound healing potential. In view of the fact that pathological cutaneous wound healing is associated with persistent inflammation, we studied their anti-inflammatory activity against inflammation induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We investigated the regulation of crucial pro-inflammatory transcription factors—nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1)—as well as the expression of downstream inflammatory targets by Western blotting, real-time PCR (RT-PCR), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in vitro using primary normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). We demonstrated the greater ability of DHS to modulate the pro-inflammatory cytokines production via the NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways when compared to other tested substances. The prolonged exposure of LPS-challenged human dermal fibroblasts to DHS had both beneficial and detrimental consequences. DHS diminished interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion but induced the significant upregulation of IL-8 mRNA associated with NF-κB and AP-1 activation. The observed conflicting results may compromise the main expected benefit, which is the acceleration of the healing of the wound via a diminished inflammation.

The term of "Czech musical emigration" was subject to studies of numerous scholars during the history of the Czech musicology, regardless the anachronism of such an appellation. Gottfried Johann Dlabacž and his major work, Allgemeines historisches künstler-Lexikon für Böhmen und zum Theil auch für Mähren und Schlesien, (Prag 1815), represents the principal source of information about musicians living or coming from the Czech lands, especially during the 17and 18th centuth ries. The uniqueness of such a compendium of information led also to its use as a material for study of the "Czech musical emigration", comprising statistic studies based on it. Nevertheless, a detailed analysis of Dlabacz's dictionary regarding migrating musicians in the 18century reveals numerth ous questions. How did Dlabacz collect information? What can we conclude from such an analysis regarding migrating musicians? How relevant is the quantitative aspect of particular destinations? Is Dlabacz's dictionary statistically relevant at all? Detailed analysing the network of Dlabacz's collaborators and correspondents helps to better understand the amount of articles in the dictionary in relation to musicians from the Czech lands working in different European destinations. Dlabacz's work was considerably influenced by the access to sources and information on musicians. This was even more difficult when concerning musicians working abroad. It is thus evident that any statistic analysis of this rich information source needs a contextualisation and merely represents an analysis of the dictionary in relation to the migration of musicians than reflects the real situation in the field. Even if a quantitative analysis of the Dlabacz's dictionary remains problematic, we can find there much important information. A survey of biographies and careers of migrating musicians thus permit us to set up their typology.

Vztah Schwarzenberků k hudbě, zejména v 18. století, již byl předmětem mnoha prací; přesto současná bádání zaměřená na životní osudy jednotlivých hudebníků ve službách Adama Františka a Josefa Adama ze Schwarzenberku nabízejí širší, evropskou kontextualizaci problematiky. Adam František ze Schwarzenberku, známý spíše jako milovník architektury a malířství, měl ve svých službách takřka minimální počet hudebníků - obvykle dva hráče na lovecký a lesní roh, případně dva trubače a jednoho hráče "komorní" hudby. Tím byl v letech 1718-1727 loutnista Jakub Josef Kohout. Přes malý počet angažovaných hudebníků, který byl jistě u zrodu názoru na malou oblibu hudby Adamem Františkem ve srovnání s jeho synem Josefem Adamem, bližší pohled na postavení těchto hudebníků vybízí k přehodnocení zaběhaného názoru. Jan Černohorský byl ve službách knížete přibližně od roku 1709 a sloužil po 22 let jako hráč na lovecký roh, fagot a šalmaj. Musel být velmi zručným hráčem a zejména velmi oblíbeným u Adama Františka, jelikož za své služby získal roku 1731 výjimečnou doživotní penzi 525 zlatých. Jeho místo po něm převzal hornista Josef Eck, o němž zatím není blíže nic známo. Po boku Černohorského sloužil od roku 1714 hráč na lovecký a lesní roh František Vondráček. Ten si udržel výsadní postavení nejen za Adama Františka, ale i později, když patrně zastával funkci kapelníka. Po předčasné smrti Adama Františka, kdy zůstali ve službách pouze Josef Eck a František Vondráček, se hudební poměry opět zlepšily až s nástupem mladého knížete Josefa Adama roku 1741. Ve čtyřicátých letech byli do služeb přijati postupně hornisti Josef Andrýsek, František Šlechta a Matěj Procháska, varhaník Ferdinand Arbesser a zpěvák Mathias Gross. Pro významnější příležitosti byli najímáni externí hudebníci a hudebních produkcí se také účastnili členové rodu, kteří byli v hudbě školeni od útlého dětství. Krátce po úmrtí kněžny Marie Terezie na začátku roku 1753 byl kníže nucen propustit některé zaměstnance, včetně části hudebníků. Situace se zlepšila až v průběhu šedesátých let, na jejichž konci postupně vznikla dechová harmonie, která je považována za nejvýznamnější hudební uskupení fungující ve službách Schwarzenberkého rodu. Většina hudebníků ve Schwarzenberských službách v 18. století pocházela z českých zemí, mnozí byli jejich poddanými na různých panstvích. Zejména za Adama Františka však svoji službu vykonávali převážně ve Vídni, později pak s častějšími pobyty na českých panstvích, Českém Krumlově a Třeboni. Pro některé z hudebníků byla služba u Schwarzenberků jen dočasnou záležitostí (Eck, Arbesser), mnozí však zůstali ve službě až do penze. Detailnější pohled na život dvou z hudebníků nabízí zajímavou typologii hudebníků 18. století. František Vondráček a Jakub Josef Kohout měli vazby ke Schwarzenberkům za života obou hlavních členů rodu, Adama Františka a Josefa Adama, jejich osudy se však lišily. Hornistu Františka Vondráčka získal Adam František do služeb po nelehkých vyjednáváních roku 1714. Hudebník byl zjevně velmi ceněn, jak vyplývá nejen z množství jeho dětí, které měly kmotry z členů knížecí rodiny. I přesto, že byl kněžnou vdovou roku 1736 osvobozen z poddanství, zůstal rodu věrný až do své smrti. Jeho dva synové dokonce pracovali v knížecí kanceláři. Okolnosti vstupu Jakuba Josefa Kohouta do Schwarzenberských služeb roku 1718 nejsou známy, zřejmě to však nebylo jeho první zaměstnání. Po desetileté službě u Adama Františka byl z neznámých důvodů propuštěn, krátce pak působil jako učitel loutny mladého knížete Pavla Antonína Esterházyho. Vztahy se Schwarzenberky však zcela nepřerušil, za svoji službu získal doživotní penzi a snad se zapojoval do hudebního života i aktivně. Jeho dva synové se stali zručnými loutnisty: starší Karel Kohout působil jako úředník v císařských službách a byl vyhledávaným hudebníkem nejen ve Vídni, mladší Josef Kohout odešel do Francie, kde se stal členem orchestru knížete Contiho a ve hře na loutnu také vyučoval baronku d'Holbach a její děti. Přestože žádné z Kohoutových dětí nemělo kmotry ze schwarzenberského rodu, je možné předpokládat, že jejich uplatnění jinde mohl být Josef Adam nápomocen.

Levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) may influence wound healing and wound closure in non-healing wounds. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that hydrogencalcium salts of oxidized cellulose change the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and TNF-α, wound size and number of bacterial strains in non-healing wounds. We analyzed MMP-2, MMP-9 and TNF-α in the wound fluid from 20 patients by ELISA every fourteen days over six weeks. Wound size, pain, wound closure and bacterial strains in the wound were also investigated. The wound size was reduced in 14 patients and pain in 16 patients. Bacterial contamination of the wound decreased significantly after treatment. The level of MMP-2 correlated with TNF-α production. The level of MMP-9 was unchanged during the healing period. We conclude that hydrogencalcium salts of oxidized cellulose have a favorable effect on the reduction of bacterial contamination, wound size and pain.