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In developing countries, most women are suffering from endometriosis disease and unfortunately, there is not yet an efficient and adaptable biomarker that could be explored further for the diagnostics of endometriosis. In this direction, we are proposing interleukin-10 (IL-10) as a better biomarker and its efficient electrochemical immunosensing at an ultra-low level for the diagnosis of endometriosis based on demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity. To develop the proposed sensing platform, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was electrochemically modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) utilizing the chronoamperometric method. Further, the Au/GCE platform was functionalized using a cysteamine-self-assemble monolayer through glutaraldehyde to achieve successful immobilization of the monoclonal IL-10 antibody and selective detection of IL-10 in real samples as well. The interaction between monoclonal IL-10 antibody and IL-10 antigen was studied using square wave voltammetry (SWV) technique. The cysteamine-based immunosensor displayed a dynamic range from 1 atto gram (ag i.e., 10-18 g) to 5 pico gram (pg i.e., 10-6 g) per mL, and the lower detection limit of 0.33 ag per mL of IL-10 was obtained. The validation of achieved sensing performance was evaluated by comparing all the parameters regarding the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Additionally, the developed sensing platform exhibits high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility together with high stability and provides an effective appose to detect IL-10 cost and time-effective compared to ELISA. Thus, such AuNPs-based IL-10 sensing platforms of high-performance features can be promoted as an efficient analytical tool for clinical application to support women's healthcare globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commercial honey types were screened for phenolic profile and anti-oxidant capacity. Phenolic profiling was done using high performance liquid chromatography, which was further corroborated with electro spray ionisation-mass spectroscopy. Dihydroxy benzoic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and cinnamic acid were the major phenolic constituents found in the honey samples. The anti-oxidant content and free-radical scavenging effect of honey were established using various assays. Total anti-oxidant potential and free-radical scavenging ability varied among the honey varieties and exhibited significant correlation with their phenolic content. Further, honey samples with richly abundant phenolic content were found to limit oxidant-induced cell death more effectively. Cytotoxic studies of a selected sample on a breast cancer cell displayed growth inhibition, depending on the concentration used. Cell cycle analysis indicated increasing accumulation of cells at the sub-G1 phase. These results summarise the phenolic profile and anti-oxidant and cytotoxic potential of Indian honey samples for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractHuman Papillomavirus (HPV) is the principal cause of cervical cancer, which is still a prime universal health concern, especially in underdeveloped nations where access to advanced screening techniques is often restricted. Herein, we propose an electrochemical immunosensor for the determination of HPV 16 L1 protein, a key biomarker associated with cervical carcinogenesis. The developed immunosensor, employing glassy carbon electrode (GCE) enhanced with gold nanoparticles, provides a highly sensitive, specific, and cost-effective approach for early screening of cervical cancer. An optimized stepwise fabrication process which includes electrode surface modification and antibody immobilization, was used to enhance sensor performance. Characterization studies confirmed the effective modification of electrodes and the selectivity of immunoreactions. With an impressive limit of detection (LOD) of 0.033 fg mL−1, the immunosensor showed a linear response to L1 protein concentrations ranging from 0.1 fg mL−1 to 1 ng mL−1. Additionally, the immunosensor exhibits excellent specificity, stability, reproducibility, and regeneration capabilities. The performance of the immunosensor was compared with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) by analyzing clinical samples (positive: n = 12; healthy: n = 5) showed satisfactory results. The findings indicated that the proposed sensing platform has the potential to be utilized for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]