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Tree pattern matching on ordered trees is an important problem in Computer Science. Ordered trees can be represented as strings with additional properties via various linearisations. We present a backward tree pattern matching algorithm for ordered trees for various linear representations of trees and tree patterns. The algorithm adaptations find all occurrences of a single given tree pattern which match an input tree regardless of the chosen linearisation. The algorithms preserve the properties and advantages of standard backward string pattern matching using Boyer-Moore-Horspool's bad character shift heuristics. The number of symbol comparisons in the backward tree pattern matching can be sublinear in the size of the input tree. As in the case of the string version of Boyer-Moore-Horspool's matching algorithm, the size of the bad character shift table used by the algorithm is linear in the size of the alphabet. We compare the algorithm adaptations with the algorithm using originally chosen linear representation and with the best performing previously existing algorithms based on (non-linearised) tree pattern matching using finite tree automata or stringpath matchers. We show that the presented backward tree pattern matching algorithms outperform the non-linearising ones for single pattern matching and they perform among themselves comparably.

Dog attacks on children are a widespread problem, which can occur when parents fail to realise a potentially dangerous interaction between a dog and a child. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of parents to identify dangerous situations from several everyday child–dog interactions and to determine whether the participants connected these situations to a particular breed of dog. Five sets of photographs depicting potentially dangerous interactions from everyday situations between children and three dogs (one of each breed) were presented via an online survey to parents of children no more than 6 years old. Data from 207 respondents were analysed using proc GLIMMIX in SAS program, version 9.3. The probability of risk assessment varied according to dog breed (p < 0.001) as well as to the depicted situation (p < 0.001). Results indicated that Labrador Retriever was considered the least likely of the three dogs to be involved in a dangerous dog-child interaction (with 49% predicting a dangerous interaction), followed by Parson Russell Terrier (63.2%) and American Pit Bull Terrier (65%). Participants considered one particular dog-child interaction named ‘touching a bowl’ a dangerous interaction at a high rate (77.9%) when compared with the other presented situations, which were assessed as dangerous at rates of 48.4% to 56.5%. The breed of dog seems to be an influential factor when assessing a potentially dangerous outcome from a dog-child interaction. Contrary to our hypothesis, interactions involving the small dog (Russell Terrier) were rated more critically, similarly to those of the Pit Bull Terrier. These results suggest that even popular family dog breeds, such as Labrador Retrievers, should be treated with more caution.

Organic oilseeds constitute an important element in organic production. Their products are important feedstuffs (oilcake) and also relevant for human consumption (soya products, oils), and demand for these is continually growing. Almost 1.5 million hectares or 11% of the world’s organic arable land were used for growing organic oilseeds in 2018. This is 0.6% of the world’s total harvested oilseed area. On half of the organic oilseed area soybeans are grown, and about one third of the organic oilseed area is in China, where much of the production is for export. It is expected that with the growing organic market, which reached 97 billion euros in 2018, the organic oilseed area and in particular that of soybeans will continue to grow fast.

The study examines an analysis and evaluation of iodine content in raw cow’s milk in three regions of the Czech Republic between the years 2008 and 2018. Bulk milk samples were collected at dairy farms situated in South Bohemia, Central Bohemia, and the Vysočina Region. Iodine in milk was determined on the basis of alkaline ashing, using the spectrophotometric method according to Sandell-Kolthoff. The highest mean iodine content was measured in 2009 (485.5 ± 408.2 μg/l) and the lowest in 2016 (169.2 ± 71.7 μg/l). Since 2010 there has been a gradual decline of iodine concentration, from 479.5 ± 304.9 μg/l in 2010 to 231.2 ± 63.5 μg/l in 2018. A similar decreasing tendency was recorded in all the monitored regions. The percentage of samples containing iodine above 500 μg/l was on the decrease (37% in 2009; 0% in 2016–2018) and less than 80 μg/l (8% in 2009; 0% in 2017–2018). The current state corresponds to the requirements for iodine content in milk for human consumption. The study emphasizes the importance of continuous iodine content checks in milk and the related adjustments of iodine supplementation to the feeding rations of dairy cows.

New algorithms for the determinization of nondeterministic visibly and nondeterministic real-time height-deterministic pushdown automata are presented. The algorithms improve the results of existing algorithms. They construct only accessible states and necessary pushdown symbols of the resulting deterministic pushdown automata. HighlightsTracking pushdown symbols which can appear on top of pushdown store for each state.Generating pop (return) transition only for possible top pushdown symbols for each state.Overall generating only accessible states and necessary pushdown store symbols.Visibly pushdown automata determinization algorithm.Height-deterministic (real-time) automata determinization algorithm.

The aim of this research was to determine the influence of 56-days (from day 4 to day 60 post partum) of simultaneous supplementation of selenium (Se) and iodine (I) enriched Chlorella algae on blood and urine Se concentrations and thyroid hormone levels in ewes and lambs. The study included 18 Šumava sheep ewes and their lambs divided into three groups (CON, HSe, HSeI). Selenium and I content in the diet of ewes measured 0.2 and 0.7 mg (CON), 0.4 and 0.7 mg (HSe), 0.4 and 1.3 mg (HSeI) per kg of dry matter. During the experimental period a significantly higher blood serum Se concentration was determined in ewes of the HSeI group (P< 0.001) and urine (P< 0.01). A significantly higher (P< 0.001) blood serum Se concentration was found also in lambs of the HSeI group. The highest Se concentration in the blood serum was recorded in ewes (128.0 μg/L) and lambs (74.2 μg/L) on the 26th day of the experiment. The results demonstrate a higher utilization of Se administered in the organic form accompanied by a higher intake of I applied also in the organic form. Plasma thyroid hormone levels in ewes were not explicitly affected by higher Se and I supplementation. A higher Se concentration in the lambs’ blood serum led to significantly higher (P< 0.05) T3 levels up to 30 days post birth.

Prace obsahuje udaje o obsahu jodu v moci předevsim studentů Jihoceske univerzity v Ceských Budějovicich. Do pokusu bylo zařazeno celkem 42 studentů a 21 zaměstnanců. Empiricka data byla ziskana v ramci řeseni grantoveho projektu GAJU 011/2013/Z. Obsah jodu ve vzorcich byl stanoven laboratorně spektrofotometricky po alkalickem spalovani vzorku podle Sandell-Kolthoffa. Cilem prace bylo posoudit zasobeni studentů a zaměstnanců Zemědělske fakulty Jihoceske univerzity v Ceských Budějovicich (JU v CB) jodem na zakladě vysetřeni jodurie. Průměrný obsah jodu v moci u vsech osob (n=63) byl 230,40±169,90 μg.l-1. U mužů byl průměrný obsah jodu v moci 244,59±190,46 μg.l-1, u žen (n=42) 223,18±157,82 μg.l-1. Hodnota medianu se pohybovala u mužů i žen okolo hodnoty 150 μg.l-1. U 89,4 % vysetřených odpovidala jodurie dostacujicimu, popřipadě nadbytecnemu přijmu jodu, u 10,60 % pak různemu stupni jodopenie. V zajmu prevence nežadouciho dopadu nutricniho nedostatku nebo nadbytku jodu je doporucena pravidelna kontrola jodurie i u studentů vysokých skol.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of high iodine intake in ewes on haematological and biochemical parameters of the blood of ewes and their lambs. Twelve pregnant ewes of the Sumava sheep breed and their newborn lambs were included in the experiment. Control group (A) consisted of 6 ewes with 7 lambs and experimental group (B) comprised 6 ewes with 6 lambs. The feed ration was enriched with calcium iodate by addition of 3 and 5 mg/kg in group A and group B, respectively. The studied parameters in ewes and lambs were haematocrit value, red blood cell count and haemoglobin concentration in blood, concentration of urea and total proteins, and alkaline phosphatase activity in blood plasma. No differences were found out in haematocrit value, red blood cell count, concentration of haemoglobin and total proteins between groups of ewes A and B with their lambs. Urea concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity were higher in ewes of group B and their lambs during the entire experimental period. An increase in the values of urea and alkaline phosphatase in the group of ewes and lambs with higher iodine intake indicates a potential risk of high iodine intake associated with changes in the thyroid activity in ewes and their lambs.

The aim of this study was to test effects of age, gender, and sire line on dairy cattle behaviour. We have analyzed results of ethological tests for 40 Holstein breed animals (23 males and 17 females), offsprings of three sires. Maintenance behaviour were observed at the age of 90, 130 and 170 days. Behaviour in the maze was conducted at the age of 119 days, an open-field test was applied at the age of 124, 168, and 355 days. The social behaviour was determined by feeding on 155th day of the age. The times and the number of periods in all activities of maintenance behaviour were changing significantly (P

In 2010 and 2011 two experiments on gimmers of Šumava mountain sheep were performed. The first experiment was carried out on 12 animals (experimental period was 11 months); control group was fed with 3 mg I*kg−1 in dry matter per day and experimental group was fed with 5 mg I*kg−1 in dry matter per day. The second experiment lasted 10 months and it was carried out on 12 animals. Feed ration for control group contained 10 mg I*kg DM−1. Feed ration for experimental group contained 10 mg I*kg DM−1 too; moreover it included rapeseed meal and 1 g of sodium nitrate. The aim of the first experiment was focused on impact of high iodine intake on structure of thyroid gland. The aim of the second experiment was to discover effect of strumigens during high iodine intake on structure of thyroid gland. The animals were slaughtered after the experiment and there was executed the dissection of thyroid gland. The samples of thyroid gland were processed during classic paraffin method and dyed with haematoxylin and eosin. For finding of histometrical parameters was used program Leica IM 500 Version 4.0. The length, the width and the area of follicles were measured. The follicles were divided into three groups after this procedure (by the length); in each group were measured 20 thyreocytes. In group with intake 5 mg I*kg DM−1 (experiment from year 2010): higher weight of thyroid (p < 0.01), significant higher (p < 0.05) proportional representation of large and medium follicles, significantly (p < 0.05) higher average size of follicles, demonstrably lower (p < 0.05) height of epithelium were found. There were not found any differences in monitored parameters between the groups from experiment which was carried out during the year 2011. After comparing results from the both experiments significantly higher percentage representation of large follicles a significantly lower representation of small follicles, distinctly higher average size and higher height of epithelium in all size categories, in groups with iodine intake 10 mg I*kg DM−1was found (from second experiment – year 2011).

The aim of this study was to evaluate histometric and biochemical properties of the thyroid gland of sheep supplemented with high doses of iodine. The study was conducted on ewes (n = 12) and gimmers (n = 12) of Sumava mountain sheep; each group was subdivided into two groups (group A and B) of six animals. Feed of group A was supplemented with 3 mg iodine/kg of dry matter; group B was given 5 mg iodine/kg dry matter. The iodine in feed mineral supplement was in the form of calcium iodide. The ewes were at first carrying, subsequently lambing, lactating and finally remained barren. The experiment ended after 11 months, when all animals were slaughtered and a sample of the thyroid gland was taken for histometric examination and determination of iodine content by modified colorimetric method. Prior to the slaughter, blood samples were collected for determination of thyroidal hormones and the thyroid-stimulating hormone in blood serum. Thyroid glands of sheep from group B showed higher thyroid weight, larger follicles, higher percentage of large follicles and lower follicular cells compared to groups A. Normal or lower content of triiodothyronine and thyroxine, lower content of their free fractions and bordering or elevated concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone were detected in blood serum of all four groups. This trend can signalize the tendency of lowering activity of the thyroid gland. The results of this long-term study show impacts of higher iodine intake on the structure and function of the thyroid gland in sheep. Morphometric, thyroidal hormones, PCNA, epithelium, thyrocytes

The study aimed at defining the immunity risks connected with high iodine supplementation in ewes and their lambs. The feed ration for control group (C) of ewes (n=6) contained 3.1 mg of iodine per kilogram of dietary dry matter and for experimental group (E) of ewes (n=6) 5.1 mg of iodine per kilogram of dietary dry matter. The animals were fed the diets for 8 months. Parallelly with different iodine supplementation, some immunological parameters (percentage of γ-globulins, concentration of immunoglobulin G, and white blood cell count) were examined in ewes and their lambs. The difference in the average concentration of immunoglobulin G between the ewes of group C and E was not significant during the experiment. A significant decrease (P

The aim of this work was to determine the impact of high selenium intake on pregnant ewes considering the number of leukocytes and the representation of T cell subsets in the blood of newborn lambs. An experiment was conducted on nineteen sucking newborn lambs of the Sumava sheep breed. The ewes were divided into three groups of five animals: control C (without Se supplementation), experimental E1 (sodium selenite supplementation, Se content 160 μg.kg-1 DM) and E2 (Chlorella as a carrier for selenium, Se content 160 μg.kg-1 DM). After birth blood samples were taken from lambs on days 1, 3, 10, 30 and 60. The WBC count and proportion of lymphocytes in blood smear were detected by microscopic analysis, and the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets in blood were detected by flow cytometry. The differences determined were not statistically significant due to high variabilities within the groups. In lambs whose mothers were supplemented with selenium bound to the alga of the genus Chlorella a statistically significant increase in the proportion of both subsets of T lymphocytes was proved. The results document a tendency to a lower level of the selected parameters of immunity in lambs without Se supplementation.

Trees are one of the fundamental data structures used in Computer Science. We present a new kind of acyclic pushdown automata, the tree pattern pushdown automaton and the nonlinear tree pattern pushdown automaton, constructed for an ordered tree. These automata accept all tree patterns and nonlinear tree patterns, respectively, which match the tree and represent a full index of the tree for such patterns. Given a tree with n nodes, the numbers of these distinct tree patterns and nonlinear tree patterns can be at most 2n?1 +n and at most (2+v)n?1+2, respectively, where v is the maximal number of nonlinear variables allowed in nonlinear tree patterns. The total sizes of nondeterministic versions of the two pushdown automata are O(n) and O(n2), respectively. We discuss the time complexities and show timings of our implementations using the bit-parallelism technique. The timings show that for a given tree the running time is linear to the size of the input pattern.

Morphological and histometric parameters of the thyroid gland in slaughter cattleThe study presents an evaluation of morphological and histometric parameters of the thyroid gland of slaughtered cattle (29 cows, 10 bulls, 7 heifers and 4 calves). The thyroid gland of bulls contained 34.7% of large follicles while their content in cows and heifers was 32.6% and only 19.2%, respectively. The average follicle length was 162.0±19.8 μm in bulls, 153.5±24.8 μm in cows and 122.4±10.1 μm in heifers. The highest thyreocytes were found in heifers and bulls (9.45±1.17 and 9.42±1.50 μm, respectively) and the lowest in cows (8.46±2.13 μm). A positive relationship was determined between the iodine content of the thyroid gland and the percentage of large follicles (r = 0.55) while the relationship between iodine content and thyreocyte height was negative (r = -0.21). In the thyroid gland of older cows medium and large follicles with low cubic to flat thyreocytes were dominant. Some follicles contained necrotic thyreocytes and the cytoplasm contained lipofuscin. The results suggest the influence of an increased iodine content in the thyroid gland on follicle size and thyreocyte height.

The objective of this study was to examine iodine and selenium contents in skeletal muscles of selected species of game animals living in regions with low iodine and selenium contents in the soil and water. Iodine content was determined in 66 samples of skeletal muscles of red deer cut out of the musculus gracilis, 32 samples and 27 samples from the same muscle of roe deer and wild boar, respectively. The shot game animals came from hunting grounds in western and southern regions of the Czech Republic and in Protected Landscape Area Šumava. In red deer muscles the average iodine content was 44.9 ± 15.2 μg I·kg-1 wet weight with the range of 6.9 to 82.0 μg I·kg-1. The lower concentration in roe deer meat with the average 39.3 ± 14.1 μg I·kg-1 and the range from 18.3 to 84.4 μg I·kg-1 may be due to differences between biotopes and food. The average iodine concentration in the musculus gracilis of wild boars was 55.9± 27.0 μg·kg-1 wet weight. Selenium content was determined in 22 samples of red deer, 51 samples of roe deer and 27 samples of wild boar skeletal muscles. The average values of selenium content in the meat of red deer, roe deer and wild boars were 16.2 ± 8.4, 36.9 ± 16.6 and 27.6 ± 19.8 μg Se·kg-1 wet weight, respectively. All three species of game animals are characterised by low content and high variability of selenium concentration in meat with the minimum value 3.9 µg and maximum value 83.3 μg·kg-1 wet weight. The study brings new data on iodine and selenium content in the muscle of game animals in the Czech Republic.

The effect of supplementation of selenium inorganic and organic forms on the activity of glu - tathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was investigated for 7-8 months in three groups of ewes (by five animals each) and in born lambs. The basal feed ration contained 55 µg Se, the ewes of experimental group E1 received a supplement of 180 µg Se in sodium selenite, and the ewes of experimental group E2 were administered a supplement of 180 µg selenium bound in the biomass of the alga Chlorella. Control group C was without selenium supplement. The ewes were in the stage of non-pregnancy, pregnancy and lactation during the experiment. The average number of lambs born per ewe was 1.0 in groups C and E1 and 1.8 in group E2. Both forms of selenium supplementation resulted in higher activity of GSH-Px in the whole blood, higher content of Se in the blood serum ( P < 0.001) and milk of ewes ( P < 0.001). Average activity of GSH-Px in the whole

The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the impact of selenium supplementation on white blood cell parameters in the blood of ewes. The total white blood cell (WBC) and differentiation of leukocytes in blood smear were detected by a microscopic analysis, and the CD4 + and CD8 + subsets were detected by flow cytometry. A decrease in the count of WBC was recorded during pregnancy; it was statistically significant only in the group supplemented with organic selenium. In the postpartal period there was a statistically significant increase in the percentages of CD4 + and CD8 + subsets but differences between the groups were not statistically significant. The results of the experiment documented that the supplementation of different forms of selenium did not markedly influence the dynamics of blood parameters in non-pregnant, pregnant and lactating ewes if the intake of vitamins and other essential microelements was adequate.

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of supplementation of ewes with selenium in an inorganic and organic form on the level of IgG during infertility, pregnancy and lactation and in their offspring until two months of age. Control Group C ( n = 5) was without Se supplementation. Experimental groups: E1 (n = 5) was supplemented with 180 µg Na 2 SeO 3 per ewe/day, E2 (n = 5) received 180 µg Se per ewe/day organically bound in the biomass of an alga of the genus Chlorella. The average number of newborn lambs per lambing ewe was 1.0, 1.0 and 1.8 in Group C, E1 and E2, respectively. The supplementation did not influence either weight or growth of lambs. The content of IgG increased significantly in ewes in the last third of pregnancy regardless of Se supplementation while their postpartal decrease ( P < 0.01) followed only in Group C. Lambs in Group C had a significantly lower level of IgG on Day 30 ( P < 0.05) and 60 ( P < 0.01) after birth especially in comparison with Group E2. The results document a lower level of immunity in the postpartal period of lambing ewes without Se supplementation and enhancement of postnatal proteosynthesis in the offspring of lambing ewes supplemented with the organic form of Se.

The effect of selenium supplementation in inorganic and organic form was investigated in three five-member groups of ewes and their lambs in the course of 7 months. The basal feed ration contained 55 µg Se, ewes of experimental group E1 received a supplement of 180 µg Se in sodium selenite, and ewes of experimental group E2 were applied a supplement of 180 µg selenium bound in the biomass of the alga Chlorella. Control group C did not receive any selenium. The ewes were in the stage of non pregnant, pregnancy and lactation during the experiment. Average contents of Se in the blood serum of ewes were as follows: E1 114.2 ± 23.6; E2 103.1 ± 20.3; C 68.6 ± 16.8 µg/l (P < 0.001). A decrease in serum Se was recorded in all groups in the last third of pregnancy and in the first week post partum. Average contents of urinary selenium contents were also higher in experimental groups: E1 25.4 ± 13.5; E2 18.7 ± 9.6; C 13.3 ± 4.5 µg/l (P < 0.001). The positive effect of supplementation of Se to ewes was reflected in its higher average concentration in the blood serum of born lambs: E1 48.5 ± 7.3; E2 53.5 ± 3.4; C 30.3 ± 7.4 µg/l (P < 0.05). The effect of selenium bound in Chlorella biomass was higher and persisted until 30 days of lamb age: E1 52.9 ± 3.4; E2 59.0 ± 7.0; C 35.5 ± 5.8 µg/l (P < 0.01). The average number of lambs born per ewe was 1.0 in group C and E1, and 1.8 in group E2.

The present study brings current information on providing broilers with the required iodine level by the determination of its content in breast and leg muscles and on the relationship between those concentrations and iodine intake by the human population. The iodine content was assessed by the Sandell-Kolthoff method in 84 samples of broiler breast and leg muscles from seven farms in four districts of the Czech Republic, collected during the period from August to September 2004. Average iodine content in broiler breast and leg muscles was 18.9 ± 6.71 μg I kg-1 and 38.1 ± 19.79 μg I kg-1, respectively, and coefficient of variation was 35.5% and 52.0%, respectively. Iodine concentration in leg muscles was statistically significantly higher (P < 0.0001) relative to breast muscles. Iodine level variations in the samples from respective farms were expressed in the levels range of 11.4 to 24.3 μg I kg-1 and 18.3 to 61.2 μg I kg-1 in breast and leg muscles, respectively. The detected variations might have been caused by different iodine saturation of broilers from different herds, manifestation of physiological ability of respective animals to utilize the iodine source, potential effect of goitrogens and environmental conditions. Statistical significance of correlation (P < 0.05) between average iodine levels in breast and leg muscles was confirmed in respective flocks (r = 0.91). It is necessary to accept the iodine content in broiler meat in the balance of iodine supply in the shopping basket of consumers. Provided that the average annual consumption of poultry meat is 23.9 kg with the iodine content of 18.9 μg kg-1 and 38.1 μg kg-1 in breast and leg muscles, respectively, the annual iodine intake is 452 to 911 μg; that represents 0.8 to 1.7% of the requirement per year, which is 150 μg day-1 for an adult person.

Visibly pushdown automata are pushdown automata whose pushdown operations are determined by the input symbol, where the input alphabet is partitioned into three parts for push, pop and local pushdown operations. It is well known that nondeterministic visibly pushdown automata can be determinised. In this paper a new algorithm for the determinisation of nondeterministic visibly pushdown automata is presented. The algorithm improves the existing methods and can result in significantly smaller deterministic pushdown automata. This is achieved in a way that only necessary and accessible states and pushdown symbols are computed and constructed during the determinisation.

Plný text článku je dostupný jak v češtině, tak i v angličtině.Případová studie vychází primárně z mnohaleté spolupráce dvou institucí veřejného sektoru – MU Brno a ZŠ a MŠ Deblín, které se zaměřují na výzkum, výuku a především praktické aplikace trvalé udržitelnosti/bezpečnosti. Cílem studie bylo a je otevřít diskurz nad tématy, vytvářet občanskou společnost od úrovně dětí/žáků/studentů při schopnosti umět odhalit nedostatky uplatněním transdisciplinárního přístupu ve studiu krajinných ekosystémů.Naše zkušenosti směřují k rozvíjení dialogu mezi světem vědy a jejích aplikací s potřebami těch, na něž její důsledky dopadají. Děje se tak v rámci aktivit směřovaných především k intenzivní terénní a projektové výuce, včleněním do diskurzu trvalé udržitelnosti v praxi ZŠ, SŠ a VŠ s navázáním mezinárodní spolupráce. Zaměření terénní práce vychází z chápání jednotlivých pracovišť jako regionálních center vzdělanosti (ZŠ a MŠ Deblín = komunitní centrum), která se zaměřují především k řešení témat trvalé udržitelnosti zahrnujících vlastníky, uživatele, rozhodovatelé, podílníky a dotčené v rámci veřejné správy území reprezentované prostřednictvím cílů a opatření krajských programů regionálního rozvoje s programy rozvoje mikroregionů a činností místních akčních skupin (MAS)., Full text of the article is available both in English and Czech.The case study is based primarily on long-standing collaboration of two public sector institutions: the MU in Brno and the Deblín Primary School and Kindergarten, with cooperation of experts in numerous other institutions. The MU in Brno and the Deblín Primary School and Kindergarten focus on research, teaching and, above all, practical applications of sustainability/security. The objective of the study is to revise the theoretical and methodological frameworks influencing approaches to teaching sustainability in primary education and, through it, to open a discussion of civic society topics and formation starting at the level of children/pupils/students. The vehicle for achieving the objective is a thorough critical view of the “Deblínsko landscape project”. The authors’ experience concerns development of dialogue between the world of science and its applications and needs of those on whom its consequences impact. They are collected as part of activities aimed primarily at intensive field and project teaching, which reflects the sustainability discourse in the primary, secondary and tertiary education practice and is also connected with establishment of international collaboration. The focus of the field work is based on the understanding of each of the institutions as regional education centres (Deblín Primary School and Kindergarten = community centre), focused on solving issues of sustainability, involving owners, users, decision-makers, shareholders and stakeholders within public territorial administration, represented by means of goals and measures of regional development schemes along with micro-regional development programmes and local action group (LAG) activities.

This paper presents the latest information about the supply of iodine to meet its requirements in hens of laying type, on the basis of iodine content in egg yolk and about the importance of eggs as an iodine source in human nutrition. The Sandell-Kolthoff method was applied to determine iodine content in the yolk of eggs from 9 large flocks (54 eggs) and 16 small flocks (96 eggs) in 2004, and from 10 large flocks (135 eggs) and 15 small flocks (114 eggs) in 2005. Iodine content was also determined in the albumen of 70 eggs. In 2004, the iodine content in the yolk of eggs from large flocks was 1 014.1 ± 356.6 while in 2005 it amounted to 1 663.8 ± 1 179.7 µg/kg fresh matter (P < 0.01); the respective values for the yolk of eggs from small flocks in 2004 and 2005 were 307.1 ± 255.7 and 519.5 ± 508.2 µg/kg fresh matter (P < 0.01). Compared to 1996, in 2005, the iodine content in yolk increased by 123.7% in large flocks, and by 19.2% in small flocks. The iodine content in albumen was 16.2 ± 9.7 µg/kg fresh matter, and it accounted for 2.6-5.0% of the total iodine content in 1 egg. The correlation coef- ficient between iodine contents in yolk and albumen was r = 0.67. In the Czech Republic, 1 egg from large flocks contains on average 31.2 µg iodine while 1 egg from small flocks contains 10.0 µg. Eggs from large flocks cover 7-14% and from small flocks 2.2-4.4% of the daily iodine requirement in adults. Iodine concentrations exceeding 2 500 µg/kg yolk fresh matter in large flocks were measured between week 32 and 60 of the laying cycle and with daily intake of 0.116-0.132 mg iodine per hen.

Our measurements noticed elevated iodine concentration in precipitation due to volcanic activity. The concentrations determined in two regions of the Czech Republic increased significantly during the passage of dust cloud from Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajokul over the sampling areas. Iodine concentration in the rainwater was up to 6.68 μg dm −3 during the critical period between 16 and 20 April 2010. Measured levels were up to six times higher than background values. The increased concentrations decreased to the usual values within approximately two weeks.

A new and simple method of indexing a tree for tree patterns is presented. A tree pattern is a tree whose leaves can be labelled by a special symbol S, which serves as a placeholder for any subtree. Given a subject tree T with n nodes, the tree is preprocessed and an index, which consists of a standard string compact suffix automaton and a subtree jump table, is constructed. The number of distinct tree patterns which match the tree is \(\mathcal{O}(2^n)\), and the size of the index is \(\mathcal{O}(n)\). The searching phase uses the index, reads an input tree pattern P of size m and computes the list of positions of all occurrences of the pattern P in the tree T. For an input tree pattern P in linear prefix notation pref(P) = P 1 S P 2 S …S P k , k ≥ 1, the searching is performed in time \(\mathcal{O}(m + \sum\limits_{i=1}^k |occ(P_i)|))\), where occ(P i ) is the set of all occurrences of P i in pref(T).

The objective of the study was to assess the metabolic risk of excessive dietary iodine intake in ewes and neonatal lambs.Pregnant Šumava ewes received an experimental diet containing 3.1 mg iodine per kg of dietary dry matter in Group A (control, n=13, 6 ewes and 7 lambs) and 5.1 mg iodine per kg of dietary dry matter in Group B (experimental, n=12, 6 ewes, 6 lambs) for eight months. Iodine was administered to ewes as calcium iodate. TSH in blood serum; TT3, TT4, fT3, and fT4 in blood plasma were examined in both groups of ewes and lambs to assess the risks of iodine intake above the permitted limit, as it applies to thyroid gland activity.Group B ewes showed a significant increase in TSH and TT4 only on day 1 after parturition. The highest values of TT4, TT3, and fT3 in lambs were recorded on day 1 after birth. The lowest values of fT3 and fT4 in lambs were measured on day 60 after birth with no differences observed between the groups. In lambs of Group B the lower concentration of TSH until day 3 after birth was followed by a significant increase from day 10 after birth.Our results indicate a risk of postnatal hypothyroidism among lambs from pregnant and lactating ewes having a high iodine intake.

Chlorella. The con- tent of iodine and selenium per 1 kg DM of experimental diet was as follows: group G1 0.7 mg I and 0.2 mg Se, group G2 0.7 mg I and 0.4 mg Se, group G3 1.3 mg I and 0.4 mg Se. The increased intake of iodine was not accompanied by an iodine increase in blood plasma until day 60 of lactation in connection with its high excretion into milk. The highest iodine content in milk was recorded on day 20 to 30 of lactation while there was a drop on day 60 of lactation. Iodine content in the blood plasma of lambs reflected iodine content in the milk of their mothers. The highest content of iodine in milk, blood plasma and urine was in the group with its highest intake (G3). Lower urinary output of iodine and higher iodine output in milk in lambing ewes of group G2 compared to group G1 document the higher retention and utilization of iodine in ewes with a higher supply of selenium. The average content of iodine in milk in group G1, G2 and G3 was as follows: 724.2 ± 485.3; 885.9 ± 460.6; and 1 126 ± 262.5 µg/l.

Summer climates causes stress in dairy cows leading to depress production. Heat stress increases maintenance energy requirements, lowers dry matter intake, especially forage intake, making it difficult to meet energy needs. The most noted negative effects of heat stress are decreased milk yield. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of high temperatures on dairy cow milk production in southern Slovakia. We tested the hypotheses that the milk yield is impacted by the breed (Red Holstein, Slovakian Pied cattle and Holstein) and by the cooling (fan or fogger+fan), and the season. Production data included 57,927 test-day records belonging to 20 herds. Four herds were Red Holstein cattle (9,365 records), 8 herds had Slovakian Pied cattle (22,936 records), and cows of Holstein breed were in 8 herds (25,626 records). All herds were situated in lowlands, from 130 m to 182 m above sea level. Herds were distributed according to cooling of cows during high temperatures. First group of cows (10 herds) was evaporative cooled before milking by water spray cooling equipment installed in the holding pen twice daily. Second group of cows (10 herds) was cooled using only forced ventilation (automatically controlled fans without misting in housing and feeding areas). In the months June to August were recorded 84 summer and 50 tropical days. Eighty four days were with the temperature-humidity index above 72.0 and 50 days above 78.0. The highest performance for the year was found in Holstein cows (9637.8 ± 405.0 kg; P

Heat stress negatively affected production by hutch calves. Summertime heat adversely affects productivity by the decreased feed intake and daily gain. The objective of this paper was evaluate effects of high temperatures on the growth, feed consumption and health condition of calves kept in individual hutches in southern Slovakia (East Central Europe). We tested a hypothesis that the calf performance would be influenced by the season at birth, sire lineage and gender. Sixty-three Holstein calves were used. They were reared in individual hutches from the second day of life to weaning at the age of 8 weeks and then in group pens. The calves originated from 5 sires. All calves were divided according to the season at birth. The same conditions of nutrition were ensured. Feed and water refusals were removed and weighed back each morning. Air temperature and relative humidity were accurately recorded during the entire 24 hour periods. Fluidity, color, consistency, odor of feces and health condition was evaluated two times daily. The data were analyzed using a GLM ANOVA. We recorded 52 summer days and 14 tropical days for this summer period. Eighteen days with the THI value above 72.0 were found in the June, in the months July and August we found 22 and 26 these days. The total number of days with the THI values higher than 78.0 was twenty-six for summer period. The calves born during the summer had the lowest live body weight from the first week to the 90th day of age. The highest growth was recorded in calves born in the fall. A significant difference was detected also for the period from birth to weaning (P