133 results on '"Jan Kopcewicz"'
Search Results
2. De novo Transcriptome Profiling of Flowers, Flower Pedicels and Pods of Lupinus luteus (Yellow Lupine) Reveals Complex Expression Changes during Organ Abscission
- Author
-
Paulina Glazinska, Waldemar Wojciechowski, Milena Kulasek, Wojciech Glinkowski, Katarzyna Marciniak, Natalia Klajn, Jacek Kesy, and Jan Kopcewicz
- Subjects
yellow lupine ,RNA-Seq ,DEGs ,flower ,pod ,abscission ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L., Taper c.), a member of the legume family (Fabaceae L.), has an enormous practical importance. Its excessive flower and pod abscission represents an economic drawback, as proper flower and seed formation and development is crucial for the plant's productivity. Generative organ detachment takes place at the basis of the pedicels, within a specialized group of cells collectively known as the abscission zone (AZ). During plant growth these cells become competent to respond to specific signals that trigger separation and lead to the abolition of cell wall adhesion. Little is known about the molecular network controlling the yellow lupine organ abscission. The aim of our study was to establish the divergences and similarities in transcriptional networks in the pods, flowers and flower pedicels abscised or maintained on the plant, and to identify genes playing key roles in generative organ abscission in yellow lupine. Based on de novo transcriptome assembly, we identified 166,473 unigenes representing 219,514 assembled unique transcripts from flowers, flower pedicels and pods undergoing abscission and from control organs. Comparison of the cDNA libraries from dropped and control organs helped in identifying 1,343, 2,933 and 1,491 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the flowers, flower pedicels and pods, respectively. In DEG analyses, we focused on genes involved in phytohormonal regulation, cell wall functioning and metabolic pathways. Our results indicate that auxin, ethylene and gibberellins are some of the main factors engaged in generative organ abscission. Identified 28 DEGs common for all library comparisons are involved in cell wall functioning, protein metabolism, water homeostasis and stress response. Interestingly, among the common DEGs we also found an miR169 precursor, which is the first evidence of micro RNA engaged in abscission. A KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the identified DEGs were predominantly involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, but some other pathways were also targeted. This study represents the first comprehensive transcriptome-based characterization of organ abscission in L. luteus and provides a valuable data source not only for understanding the abscission signaling pathway in yellow lupine, but also for further research aimed at improving crop yields.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Ethylene-dependent effects on generative organ abscission of Lupinus luteus
- Author
-
Kamil Frankowski, Agata Kućko, Agnieszka Zienkiewicz, Krzysztof Zienkiewicz, Juan de Dios Alché, Jan Kopcewicz, and Emilia Wilmowicz
- Subjects
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid ,ethylene ,Lupinus luteus ,phytohormones ,organ abscission ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
The abscission of certain organs from the plant is part of the fulfilment of its developmental programs. The separation process occurs in a specialized abscission zone usually formed at the base of detached organ. The changing level of phytohormones, particularly ethylene, is the element responsible for coordinating anatomical and physiological transformation that accompanies organ abscission. The application of ethylene (ET) on Lupinus luteus stimulates flower abortion. However, the treatment with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) – direct ET precursor – does not cause such a strong physiological response. In turn, when applied on the pedicels both ET biosynthesis (2-aminoethoxyvinylglycine; AVG) and action (norbornadiene; NBD) inhibitors reversed the stimulatory effect of ET on generative organ separation. In order to determine ET role in the flower abscission process in L. luteus, we identified the sequences coding for synthase (LlACS) and oxidase (LlACO) of ACC and measured their expression levels. Abscission zone activation is accompanied by a considerable increase both in LlACS and LlACO cDNAs and also ACC content, which is specifically localized in the dividing cells at the base of the flower being detached. Obtained results suggest that ET is a strong stimulator of flower abortion in L. luteus.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Influence of night-breaks on flowering and phytohormones content in Hyoscyamus niger L.
- Author
-
Jan Kopcewicz and Gabriela Centkowska
- Subjects
Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Night-breaks caused both stimulated shoot growth and caused formation of flowers as well as a general increase in the content of phytohormones in leaves of the long-day plant Hyoscyamus niger L. At the time of flower formation in night-break treated plants, new gibberellin-like substances also appear. The results show that night-breaks cause similar changes in the phytohormones content as a long inductive photoperiod. It may be assumed that independently of the way of induction, the generative differentiation of long-day plants is always accompanied by a general increase in the amount of endogenous hormones and the appearance of new gibberellins. These results suggest the possibility of a morphogenetic role of hormones, especially gibberellins, in the phenomena of flower formation and differentiation.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The effect of exogenous acetylcholine and other cholinergic agents on photoperiodic flower induction of Pharbitis nil
- Author
-
Hanna Łukasiewicz-Rutkowska, Andrzej Tretyn, Mariusz Cymerski, and Jan Kopcewicz
- Subjects
Pharbitis nil ,flower induction ,acetylcholine ,acetylcholinesterase ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Exogenous acetylcholine (ACh), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, as well as agonists and antagonists of ACh receptors applied on the cotyledons of 5-day-old seedlings of Pharbitis nil during a 16-hour long inductive night or during a 12-hour long subinductive night, do not essentially influence the flower bud formation. Also the application of above mentioned substances to the seedlings growing under the conditions of 72 hours of darkness, 24 hours of light and then 24 hours of darkness does not influence in an essential way flowering of P. nil. On the other hand, applying these substances on the cotyledons of P. nil during 24-hour-long inductive night, preceded by 72 hours of darkness and then 24 hours of light of lowered intensity finished by 15-minute-long impulse of far red light which inhibit flowering, caused the reversion of the effect of far red light irradiation and stimulated the flowering. The obtained results suggest that endogenous system ACh/AChE could participate in the mechanism of a phytochrome controlled flowering of short day plants.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The involvement of gibberellins in phytochrome-controlled flowering of Pharbitis nil
- Author
-
Halina Kulikowska-Gulewska and Jan Kopcewicz
- Subjects
flowering ,gibberellins ,Pharbitis nil. ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
The seedlings of Pharbitis nil, a sesitive short-day plant (SDP), were cultivated under special photoperiodic conditions: 72-h-long darkness, 24-h-long white light with low intensity, 24-h-long inductive night. During 24-h-long inductive darkness the total content of gibberellins in cotyledons underwent fluctuations with a maximum at 0 h and 8 h, and a decrease at the end of the dark period. FR light applied at the end of the 24-h-long white-light period inhibited flowering. R light flash and partially exogenous GA3 added on cotyledons could reverse the effect of FR. The seedling growth was not affected by FR and R light irradiation, but was promoted by exogenous GA3 application. The obtained results suggest that gibberellins are involved in photoperiodic control of SDP P. nil flowering. This involvement has nothing in common with participation of gibberellins in the control of the elongation growth of seedlings.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Phytohormones level in the leaves of Hyoscyamus niger L. during variable photoperiods at the time of flower initiation and differentiation
- Author
-
Jan Kopcewicz, Gabriela Centkowska, and Krystyna Kriesel
- Subjects
Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
The investigations concern changes in the content of endogenous phytohormones in the leaves of the long-day plant Hyoscyamus niger L. during variable photoperiods applied before and after flower initiation. The results show that alternation of inductive photoperiods with short days leads to quantitative changes in the content of phytohormones. The changeable photoperiod leads to a general decrease in the contents of gibberellins, cytokinins and auxins during the short noninductive days both before and after flower initiation. Alternation of the inductive photoperiod with short days does not influence the content of abscisic acid-like substances before flower initiation and causes an increase of the amount of inhibitors in the postinductive period. The content of hormonal substances is subjected to rhytmical changes related to the periods of light and darkness in the twenty-four hours' cycle.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Influence of gibberellins on flower formation in Hyoscyamus niger L.
- Author
-
Jan Kopcewicz and Gabriela Centkowska
- Subjects
Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Gibberellins (GA4+7) and gibberellin-like substances isolated from generatively induced black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger L.) bring about the growth of shoots and a partial differentiation of axillary meristem in black henbane plants grown under non-inductive light conditions. Long-lasting application of gibberellins, however, did not result in full development of flowers in the majority of the plants investigated. Thus, it seems, that gibberellins are not specific flowering hormones in black henbane - a long-day plant.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Photoreceptive sites in the photocontrol of oat seedling growth
- Author
-
Kazimierz Madela and Jan Kopcewicz
- Subjects
photomorphogenesis ,elongation growth ,oat seedlings ,oat coleoptiles ,oat mesocotyles ,photoreceptive sites ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
The influence of red light on the growth of coleoptiles and mesocotyles of etiolated and pre-irradiated oat seedlings was investigated. Red light (15 min.) applied on whole seedlings stimulated the elongation of coleoptiles and inhibited the growth of mesocotyles both in etiolated and in pre-irradiated plants. Irradiation with red light (2 min) of various 2-mm-long regions of etiolated and pre-irradiated oat seedlings was carried out in order to locate their light reception regions. On the basis of growth reactions after such treatment it was found that in completely etiolated seedlings the light reception sites involved in the stimulation of coleoptile elongation and inhibition of mesocotyle growth lie directly above and below the seedling node, whereas in pre-irradiated seedlings, in the top of the seedling. These results point to the existence of different growth photoregulation systems in etiolated and pre-irradiated oat seedlings. The role of phytochrome in these phenomena is discussed.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. ABA in photoperiodic induction of Pharbitis nil.
- Author
-
Halina Kulikowska-Gulewska, Elżbieta Galoch, and Jan Kopcewicz
- Subjects
flowering ,abscisic acid ,photoperiodic induction ,Pharbitis nil ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
The endogenous content of ABA in the cotyledons of Pharbitis nil is high during the light phase before an inductive 16-h-long dark period. During the night, however, at the beginning, the level of ABA is relatively low with the tendency to increase during the second half of an inductive dark period. The dual effect of exogenous ABA on the Pharbitis nil flowering has been observed. ABA applied to the cotyledons on subthreshold photoperiod (12-h-long night) stimulates flower bud formation. On the other hand, however, ABA applied during an inductive (16-h-long) dark period, as well as applied to the medium of cultured plantlets, inhibits flowering. Thus, the flowering effect of ABA is clearly dependent on the state of flower induction which is different in plants growing on various photoperiods.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Influence of growth regulators and respiration inhibitors on dark transformation of phytochrome in coleoptiles of oat seedlings
- Author
-
Jan Kopcewicz, Mariusz Cymerski, and Kazimierz Madela
- Subjects
Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Irradiation with red light leads to the formation of an unstable, undergoing gradual destruction, physiologically active PFR form of phytochrome in the coleoptiles of oat seedlings. Growth substances: IAA, GA3, kinetin, ABA, ethrel as well acetylcholine do not influence the nature and rate of phytochrome dark transformation. Inhibitors of energy-producing processes such as KCN, 2,4-DNP, DCCD and antimycin A inhibit the process of dark destruction of the PFR form of phytochrome.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Phytochrome and endogenous gibberellin-like substances in etiolated and irradiated oat seedlings
- Author
-
Jan Kopcewicz, Mariusz Cymerski, and Kazimierz Madela
- Subjects
phytochrome ,gibberellins ,oat coleoptiles ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
The level of gibberellin-like substances was investigated in oat coleoptiles with different stationary states of phytochrome and in leaf segments which had been etiolated and irradiated with red light. Etiolated coleoptiles and leaves containing maximum amounts of the PR form of phytochrome were characterized by an increased level of bound gibberellins. Irradiation with red light resulting in the photoconversion of phytochrome into the Pt R form caused the appearance of a high content of free gibberellins. It seems that the releasing the hormones from bound forms correlated with the formation of phytochrome PFR may be an important aspect of the mechanism of phytochrome action in the processes of seedling deetiolation. The interrelation between phytochrome and plant hormones in the control of photomorphogenesis of young monocotyledonous seedlings is also discussed.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. The level of phyA in Pharbitis nil Chois during the photoperiodic flower induction
- Author
-
Adriana Szmidt-Jaworska, Krzysztof Jaworski, and Jan Kopcewicz
- Subjects
Pharbitis nil ,labile phytochrome ,phytochrome degradation and reaccumulation ,photoperi-odic flower induction ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine if there is any relationship between an endogenous phyA level and photoperiodic flower induction. The level of phyA was characterised with polyclonal antibodies directed to phyA from pea. At first it was detected that phyA level is predominant in cotyledons, whereas in roots and stems the concentration of labile phytochrome is rather low. So cotyledons were used for later experiments. In these cotyledons exposed to light illumination a rapid destruction of phyA has been observed. The loss of extractable phyA chromoprotein occurs already after 60 min of irradiation. Pharbitis nil is a short-day plant and a single 16-hours-long dark period is fully inductive. We assessed that phyA level is extremely low during a long inductive night and an immunodetectable phytochrome appears only after 24 hours of darkness. The obtained results suggest that labile phytochrome is not taking part in the direct control of the photoperiodic flower induction.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Lack of influence of low temperature, light and growth substances on phytochrome resynthesis in coleoptiles of irradiated oat seedlings
- Author
-
Jan Kopcewicz, Mariusz Cymerski, and Kazimierz Madela
- Subjects
phytochrome metabolism ,growth substances ,oat coleoptiles ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
The photoconversion of phytochrome PR into the PFR form causes at the same time the destruction of the initial large fraction of phytochrome found in the coleoptiles of etiolated oat seedlings. Factors such as low temperature, light of different wavelengths or growth substances are not capable of preventing the progressive destruction and restore the synthesis of phytochrome. Thus an abnormally high level of phytochrome is found only in etiolated seedlings. Such seedlings, on the other hand, are characterized by a very high rate of elongation growth. The role of phytochrome in the control of deetiolation of seedlings is discussed.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. IAA-glucopyranoside stimulation of corn coleoptiles elongation
- Author
-
Adriana Szmidt-Jaworska, Jacek Kęsy, and Jan Kopcewicz
- Subjects
Bound auxins ,IAA-glucopyranoside ,corn coleoptiles ,castanospermine ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
It has been previously suggested that 1-O-IAGIuc growth stimulation occurs as the effect of its hydrolysis into a free IAA. In present experiments castanospermine, a known β-glucosidase inhibitor, was included. 1-O-IAGluc in the presence of castanospermine stimulated growth of corn coleoptiles segments even stronger then free IAA. So, it seems that 1-O-IAGluc itself, is responsible for the observed stimulation of corn coleoptile segments elongation.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Labile phytochrome and photoperiodic flower induction in Pharbitis nil Chois. The irreversible phytochrome hypothesis
- Author
-
Mariusz Cymerski and Jan Kopcewicz
- Subjects
flower induction ,phytochrome ,KCN ,Pharbitis nil ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Seedlings of Pharbitis nil cultivated under non-inductive conditions of white light were subjected to generative induction applying one 16-hour-long period of inductive night. During the eighth hour the night was interrupted with 1 min of red light pulse which completely inhibited the flowering. Treating the plants with KCN blocked the inhibiting effect of red light. Because KCN lowers considerably the rate of destruction of labile Pfd in some plant systems, it seems probable that red light night-break irradiation (without KCN), which blocked the flowering, leads also to the accumulation of unknown Pfd destruction products (irreversible phytochrome). It also suggests that it is not the labile PfrI itself but the products of its irreversible transformation that could be active in the photoperiodic control of flowering.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Participation of labile and stabile phytochrome in the control of chlorophyll accumulation during the deetiolation of oat seedlings
- Author
-
Mariusz Cymerski and Jan Kopcewicz
- Subjects
phytochrome pools ,phytochrome destruction ,chlorophyll accumulation ,oat seedlings ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
The effect of the phytochrome system on the accumulation rate of chlorophyll-a and b in 96-hour-old oat seedlings during the first 3 hours of white light action was investigated. It was established that initial irradiation with red light stimulated the accumulation rate of both forms of chlorophyll. This effect depended on the level of the PFR form of phytochrome obtained during the initial irradiation and it reached the treshold value in the case of about 20% of PFR in relation to PR in etiolated seedlings. Far red light stimulated only the accumulation of chlorophyll-a. The effect of red light was reversible if far red light was applied directly after red light. The reversibility diminished gradually together with the extension of the dark period between red and far red light, disappearing completely after 6 hours. The results suggest the participation of two pools of phytochrome - a labile and a stabile one - in the reaction stimulating chlorophyll accumulation. A model of labile phytochrome action through the destruction products of phytochrome is proposed.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Ethylene in the control of photoperiodic flower induction in Pharbitis nil Chois.
- Author
-
Halina Kulikowska-Gulewska and Jan Kopcewicz
- Subjects
ethylene ,auxin ,photoperiodic induction ,Pharbitis nil ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
The content of endogenous ethylene in the seedlings of Pharbitis nil subjected to 16-hour long inductive night is low during the first half of a dark period, then it increases considerably in the second half of the night. Ethrel, the compound releasing ethylene, applied to the cotyledons of the seedlings, increases the amount of endogenous ethylene in them and at the same time inhibits the flowering, especially when ethrel was applied during the first half of an inductive night, when the content of endogenous ethylene in the seedlings is low. The auxin, inhibiting the flowering of Pharbitis, causes at the same time the increase in the production of endogenous ethylene. PCIB, an inhibitor of auxin action reverses the inhibiting influence of ethrel on flowering. On the other hand the combined application of ethrel and TIBA, the inhibitor of auxin polar transport, causes the increase of the flowering inhibition. CoCl2, the inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis, and AgNO3, the inhibitor of ethylene action, reverse partly the inhibiting influence of auxin. It suggests that ethylene could take part in auxininhibition of flowering. The all obtained results seem to suggest the participation of ethylene in the control of the flower photoperiodic induction.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. IAA in the control of photoperiodic flower induction of Pharbitis nil chois
- Author
-
Halina Kulikowska-Gulewska, Mariusz Cymerski, Joanna Czaplewska, and Jan Kopcewicz
- Subjects
photoperiodic induction ,flowering ,Pharbitis nil ,IAA ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
The endogenous content of IAA in the cotyledons of Pharbitis nil is low before and during the first half of the inductive 16-h-long dark period. From the 8th to the 12th hour the level of IAA increased and then again was going down at the end of a dark period. Exogenous IAA applied to the cotyledones before and during the first half of the inductive dark period inhibits flower bud formation. The application of IAA to shoot apex also resulted in the inhibition of flowering. Experiments with TIBA, an auxin polar transport inhibitor, and PCIB, an auxin action inhibitor, have shown that auxin polar transport in cotyledones and long-distance auxin transport from cotyledones to shoot apex play an important role in IAA inhibition of flower bud formation. It suggests that auxins play their role not only at the level of floral induction in cotyledones, but also in the later events of floral evocation and differentiation in shoot apex.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. The effect of photoperiodic treatments on mitotic activity in Pharbitic nil Chois
- Author
-
Joanna Czaplewska and Jan Kopcewicz
- Subjects
flowering response ,mitotic index ,photoperiodic induction ,Pharbitis nil ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
The short-day plant, Pharbitis nil, requires only a single inductive cycle with a 16-hour dark period for flowering. The mitotic activity in the shoot apices was studied directly after the termination of the inductive photoperiod. A pronounced rise in the mitotic index was found in the 2nd and the 8th-14th hours. Control plants grown under noninductive conditions (continuous light, a light interruption in the middle of the dark period) did not flower and did not show an increased mitotic index. The increased mitotic activity in the shoot apices of Pharbitis seems to be causally connected with the phytochrome-controlled entry of the plants into the state of generative induction.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Phytochrome-controlled level of growth substances in etiolated oat seedlings
- Author
-
Jan Kopcewicz and Kazimierz Madela
- Subjects
phytochrome ,auxins ,gibberellins ,abscisic acid ,oat seedlings ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Irradiation with red light of coleoptiles and leaves of etiolated oat seedlings, causing photoconversion of phytochrome mainly into Pfr, leads to the release of free auxins and free gibberellins from conjugated forms. The effect of red light is reversible by far-red light irradiation. A correlation between the photostationary state of phytochrome and endogenous abscisic acid content was not found.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Gibberellin-like substances in embryonic shoots of Scots pine in relation to generative differentiation
- Author
-
Halina Kulikowska-Gulewska and Jan Kopcewicz
- Subjects
pine ,embryonic shoots ,gibberellins ,generative differentiation ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Investigations were carried out on embryonic shoots of lateral and terminal buds of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) of different age. at various stages of seasonal devclopment. The results show that there is a correlation between gibberellins content and apical dominance in pine. More are found in terminal buds than in lateral ones. The transition from a juvenile phase into a mature one in Scots pine is accompanied by a lowering of the gibberellin content. The formation of male inflorescences is accompanied by an increased amount of endogenous gibberellins and the appearence of a new group of non-polar gibberellin-like substances. The formation of female cones is connected with the lowering of endogenous gibberellin content.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Auxin increases the InJMT expression and the level of JAMe – inhibitor of flower induction in Ipomoea nil
- Author
-
Agata Kućko, Grażyna Czeszewska-Rosiak, Magdalena Wolska, Paulina Glazińska, Jan Kopcewicz, and Emilia Wilmowicz
- Subjects
flower induction ,gene expression ,hormone interactions ,jasmonates biosynthesis ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Interactions among jasmonates and auxin in the photoperiodic flower induction of a short-day plant Ipomoea nil were examined. Therefore, we measured changes in jasmonic acid (JA) and jasmonic acid methyl ester (JAMe) levels in the cotyledons of I. nil during the inductive night, as well as the effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on their content. We noticed an interesting result, that IAA applied on the cotyledons of I. nil is an effective stimulator of JAMe production in seedlings cultivated under inductive night conditions. IAA treatment also significantly increased the transcriptional activity of InJMT (JASMONIC ACID CARBOXYL METHYLTRANSFERASE), while did not affect the expression of JA biosynthesis genes (lipoxyganease, allene oxide synthase, 12-oxophytodienoate reductase). These data, as well as the results of our previous research, suggest that exogenous IAA participates in I. nil flower induction process by stimulating InJMT expression and, as a consequence of that, enhancing the level of JAMe, a flowering inhibitor.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Wounding stimulates ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE gene and increases the level of jasmonic acid in Ipomoea nil cotyledons
- Author
-
Emilia Wilmowicz, Agata Kućko, Kamil Frankowski, Barbara Zabrocka-Nowakowska, Katarzyna Panek, and Jan Kopcewicz
- Subjects
allene oxide synthase ,gene expression ,jasmonates ,phytohormones ,wounding ,Ipomoea nil ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Allene oxide synthase (AOS) encodes the first enzyme in the lipoxygenase pathway, which is responsible for jasmonic acid (JA) formation. In this study we report the molecular cloning and characterization of InAOS from Ipomoea nil. The full-length gene is composed of 1662 bp and encodes for 519 amino acids. The predicted InAOS contains PLN02648 motif, which is evolutionarily conserved and characteristic for functional enzymatic proteins. We have shown that wounding led to a strong stimulation of the examined gene activity in cotyledons and an increase in JA level, which suggest that this compound may be a modulator of stress responses in I. nil.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Involvement of aba in flower induction of Pharbitis nil
- Author
-
Emilia Wilmowicz, Kamil Frankowski, Paulina Glazińska, Jacek Kęsy, and Jan Kopcewicz
- Subjects
abscisic acid ,flowering ,Pharbitis nil (Ipomoea nil) ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Flowering of plants is controlled by hormones among which both stimulators and inhibitors are present. The role of abscisic acid (ABA) in flower induction of the short day plant Pharbitis nil was shown in our experiments through exogenous applications and endogenous level determination of the hormone in cotyledons of seedlings grown under special light conditions. The application of ABA to cotyledons or shoot apices during the first half of a 24-h long inductive night inhibits flowering. The same compound applied towards the end of or after a 14-h long subinductive night increases the number of flower buds produced by these plants. Exposing P. nil seedlings at the beginning of a 24-h long inductive night to far red light (FR) decreases the level of endogenous abscisic acid in cotyledons and leads to flower inhibition. However, a pulse of red light (R) reversing the inhibitory effect of far red light on the flowering of P. nil increases the ABA content. The results obtained confirm previous observations that ABA may play a dual and an important role in the regulation of floral bud formation in P. nil. The flowering occurs when the level of endogenous abscisic acid is low at the beginning and is high toward the end of the inductive night.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Hormones in Photoperiodic Flower Induction
- Author
-
Katarzyna Marciniak, Emilia Wilmowicz, and Jan Kopcewicz
- Subjects
photoperiodism ,biology ,fungi ,Circadian clock ,food and beverages ,Endogeny ,biology.organism_classification ,Cell biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Flower induction ,Arabidopsis thaliana ,Gibberellin ,Abscisic acid ,Hormone - Abstract
The timing of the transition from vegetative to reproductive development is of great fundamental and practical interest. Physiological event is a subject to strict and precise control. Among the environmental factors, the most important is photoperiod defined as the following changes in the light and darkness duration in the daily cycle, while the endogenous control depends on hormones action. Due to the different photoperiodic sensitivity, the plants were divided into long-day plants (LDPs), short-day plants (SDPs), and day-neutral plants (DNPs). Mainly genetic and molecular approaches have led to the identification of various components in the photoperiodic pathway among which the key are photoreceptors necessary for light perception, and elements of the endogenous circadian clock. Moreover, the circadian clock also synchronizes changes in the level of hormones. In Arabidopsis thaliana, as well as in many other LDPs, gibberellins (GAs) promote flowering, whereas in SDPs, GAs do not affect or inhibit this process. The influence of other hormones on flower induction is also dependent on photoperiodic requirements. Numerous studies have shown that ethylene (ET) and jasmonates (JAs) usually inhibit generative development. In the case of abscisic acid (ABA), a dual role in photoperiodic flowering was also recognized. The unclear role of individual hormones in the induction of flowering results from the fact that they interact in many ways. It is indisputable, however, that these small molecules are an important element coordinating the transformations leading to the generative induction of plants. On one hand, photoperiod regulates hormone levels and affects their signal transduction pathways, while on the other hand, the steady balance between hormonal stimulators and inhibitors of flowering determines the activation or inhibition of gene expression associated with generative induction pathways.
- Published
- 2021
27. Gibberellic acid affects the functioning of the flower abscission zone in Lupinus luteus via cooperation with the ethylene precursor independently of abscisic acid
- Author
-
Krzysztof Przedniczek, Katarzyna Marciniak, Michał Świdziński, Emilia Wilmowicz, Agata Kućko, and Jan Kopcewicz
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Ethylene ,Physiology ,Flowers ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Abscission ,food ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,Botany ,Gibberellic acid ,Abscisic acid ,Plant Proteins ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Plant physiology ,Vascular bundle ,Gibberellins ,food.food ,Lupinus ,Lupinus luteus ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Gibberellin ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Abscisic Acid ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
The abscission of plant organs is a phytohormone-controlled process. Our study provides new insight into the involvement of gibberellic acid (GA3) in the functioning of the flower abscission zone (AZ) in yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.). Physiological studies demonstrated that GA3 stimulated flower abortion. Additionally, this phytohormone was abundantly presented in the AZ cells of naturally abscised flowers, especially in vascular bundles. Interesting interactions among GA3 and other modulators of flower separation were also investigated. GA3 accumulated after treatment with the ethylene (ET) precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). Abscisic acid (ABA) treatment did not cause such an effect. Furthermore, the expression of the newly identified LlGA20ox1 and LlGA2ox1 genes encoding 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases fluctuated after ACC or ABA treatment which confirmed the existence of regulatory crosstalk. GA3 appears to cooperate with the ET precursor in the regulation of AZ function in L. luteus flowers; however, the presented mechanism is ABA-independent.
- Published
- 2018
28. Mechanizmy obronne roślin drzewiastych uruchamiane w odpowiedzi na atak patogenów
- Author
-
Emilia Wilmowicz, Jan Kopcewicz, and A. Kucko
- Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive study on the mechanisms of tree responses to pathogens. We describe natural resistance concerning the presence of different types of barriers protecting plants from invasion and also give them strength after a pathogen attack. We put emphasis on induced resistance functioning both locally and systemically and involvement of phytohormones signaling networks. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) involved the action of salicylic acid and H202 and accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins. In turn, jasmonates and ethylene are signaling molecules in the induced resistance (SIR). All these substances play a crucial role in the forest management and can be applied in the tree protection strategies based on the natural and synthetic active compounds.
- Published
- 2018
29. Photoperiod and ethylene-dependent expression of gibberellin biosynthesis gene InEKO1 during flower induction of Ipomoea nil
- Author
-
Emilia Wilmowicz, Jan Kopcewicz, Katarzyna Marciniak, and Agata Kućko
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,photoperiodism ,Oxidase test ,Messenger RNA ,Ethylene ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Flower induction ,Complementary DNA ,Ipomoea nil ,Gene ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Ent-kaurene oxidase (EKO) catalyze three sequential oxidations in the early steps of gibberellin biosynthesis pathway. In this research, a cDNA sequence of InEKO1 gene in the model short-day plant Ipomoea nil was identified. Our studies revealed that inductive conditions for flowering caused an increase in the transcriptional activity of the examined gene in the cotyledons–the main organs for the perception of the photoperiodic stimulus. In contrast, in the second half of the 16 h long inductive night and after that, a decreased amount of InEKO1 mRNA in the apexes was detected. What is more, ethylene, the key inhibitor of flower induction in I. nil, elevated the InEKO1 expression exclusively in the cotyledons between 10 and 14 h of the inductive night.
- Published
- 2018
30. Photoperiodic flower induction in Ipomoea nil is accompanied by decreasing content of gibberellins
- Author
-
Michał Świdziński, Katarzyna Marciniak, Emilia Wilmowicz, Jacek Kęsy, Jan Kopcewicz, and Agata Kućko
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,photoperiodism ,Physiology ,Catabolism ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Plant physiology ,Plant Science ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Cell biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Flower induction ,Botany ,Gibberellin ,Ipomoea nil ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Gene ,Gibberellic acid ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
The involvement of gibberellins (GAs) in the control of flower induction in the short-day plant Ipomoea nil has been investigated. To clarify the molecular basis of this process, we identified the full-length cDNAs of the InGA20ox3 and InGA2ox1 genes, which encode enzymes responsible for GA biosynthesis and catabolism, respectively. We studied the expression patterns of both genes and determined the tissue and cellular immunolocalisation of gibberellic acid (GA3) in the cotyledons of 5-day-old seedlings growing under inductive and non-inductive photoperiodic conditions. In the second half of the inductive night, which is crucial for flower induction in I. nil, InGA20ox3 expression decreased, whereas InGA2ox1 mRNA accumulated, which indicates that photoperiod regulates the activity of both genes. Furthermore, these changes are correlated with GA3 level. Thus, our results support the thesis that the proper balance between the expression of the InGA20ox3 and InGA2ox1 genes and low GA3 content correlate with photoperiodic flower induction in I. nil.
- Published
- 2017
31. Obecny stan wiedzy na temat regulacji powstawania oraz funkcjonowania strefy odcinania kwiatów Lupinus luteus
- Author
-
Emilia Wilmowicz, Agata Kućko, Katarzyna Marciniak, Aleksandra Gadzikowska, Krzysztof Przedniczek, and Jan Kopcewicz
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Materials Chemistry ,Media Technology ,Forestry - Abstract
Aktywność strefy odcinania (AZ, ang. abscission zone) warunkuje separację organów od rośliny macierzystej. U Lupinus luteus AZ kwiatów powstaje u podstawy szypułek tych organów. Zmiany na poziomie komórkowym są skorelowane ze zmieniająca się ekspresją BLADE-ON-PETIOLE (LlBOP). Poziom mRNA tego genu regulowany jest także przez hormonalne stymulatory odcinania kwiatów — etylen (ET) i kwas abscysynowy (ABA) — co wskazuje, że LlBOP jest zaangażowany nie tylko w powstawanie AZ, ale także w późniejsze etapy jej funkcjonowania. Kwas abscysynowy wpływając na akumulację transkryptów genów kodujących enzymy biosyntezy etylenu ET (syntazę i oksydazę kwasu 1-aminocyklopropano-1-karboksylowego (ACC) i jednocześnie powodując wzrost poziomu prekursora tego fitohormonu w AZ, pośrednio reguluje czas odcinania kwiatów L. luteus.
- Published
- 2017
32. Influence of low temperature on germination and endogenous growth regulator contents in Scots Pine (Pinus silvestris L.) seeds
- Author
-
Jan Kopcewicz and Z. Poraziński
- Subjects
animal structures ,Scots pine ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,complex mixtures ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,Germination ,lcsh:Botany ,Darkness ,Botany ,White light ,Gibberellin - Abstract
Twenty days-long stratification of Scots pine seeds results in the seeds germinating in similar high percentage in darkness as in light. The period of stratification enough to overcome the "barrier" of light is connected with simultaneous increase of gibberellin contents, especially with the appearance of the new groups of gibberellins qualitatively similar to those occurring in pine tissues under the influence of red and white light. It was also found that seedlings grown from stratificated pine seeds produce the increased amounts of gibberellins.
- Published
- 2015
33. Auxins and gibberellins in embryonic shoots of Scots pine in relation to flower sex differentiation
- Author
-
H. Kulikowska, Jan Kopcewicz, T. Szcześniak, and Z. Zatorska
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Sexual differentiation ,biology ,fungi ,Scots pine ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Embryonic stem cell ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,chemistry ,Auxin ,lcsh:Botany ,Shoot ,Botany ,Gibberellin ,Primordium ,heterocyclic compounds - Abstract
Flower sex differentiation in Scots pine is correlated with endogenous balance of auxins to gibberellins. Male flower primordia initiation is connected with high amounts of gibberellins whereas the initiation of female ones is associated with a high level of auxins and a low content of gibberellins.
- Published
- 2015
34. Effect of white light irradiation on the endogenous growth regulators content in seeds and seedlings of pine (Pinus silvestris L.)
- Author
-
Jan Kopcewicz
- Subjects
animal structures ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,Biology ,complex mixtures ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,%22">Pinus ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Germination ,lcsh:Botany ,Botany ,White light ,Gibberellin ,Irradiation ,Abscisic acid - Abstract
The increase of gibberellin content and decrease of amount of inhibitors in light irradiated pine seedlings were found. It was also stated that stimulating effect of light on pine seeds germination is correlated with the increase of gibberellin and simultaneous decrease of the inhibitor content. The inhibitor isolated from pine seeds proved to be a compound similar in some properties to abscisic acid.
- Published
- 2015
35. Hormonal balance in apical meristems of Scots pine shoots as a very early symptom of flower sex differentiation
- Author
-
Jan Kopcewicz, H. Kulikowska, T. Szcześniak, and Z. Zatorska
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Sexual differentiation ,biology ,fungi ,Scots pine ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,Meristem ,biology.organism_classification ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,chemistry ,Auxin ,lcsh:Botany ,Botany ,Shoot ,Primordium ,Gibberellin ,Hormone - Abstract
The investigations were conducted on the embryonic shoots which were taken at the stage just before the start of the elongation of the last year formed embryonic shoot; it means long time before male and female cone primordia initiation. The results point out to the existence of distinctive balance of auxins to gibberellins in apical meristems oi potentially female and male shoots for about a month before the initiation of new embryonic shoots. These results confirm our previous suggestions that femaleness and maleness in Scots pine is correlated with a high amount of auxins and gibberellins, respectively.
- Published
- 2015
36. Studies of the mechanism of light and low temperature action on germination in seeds of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.). I. Effect of some growth regulators on the germination of pine seeds in darkness
- Author
-
Jan Kopcewicz
- Subjects
biology ,Scots pine ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,%22">Pinus ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Germination ,lcsh:Botany ,Botany ,Darkness ,Gibberellin ,Kinetin ,Woody plant - Published
- 2015
37. Endogenous growth regulators in embryonic shoots of Scots pine at the time of male and female flower primordia initiation
- Author
-
Z. Zatorska, Jan Kopcewicz, H. Kulikowska, and T. Szcześniak
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Scots pine ,Plant Science ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Embryonic stem cell ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Auxin ,lcsh:Botany ,Shoot ,Botany ,Gibberellin ,Primordium ,Abscisic acid - Abstract
The initiation of Scots pine male flower primordia is connected with a high content of gibberellins and a low level of auxins, whereas the initiation of female flower primordia is correlated with a high content of auxins and a low level of gibberellins. There is lack of direct correlation between the content of cytokinins or abscisic acid and flower sex differentation.
- Published
- 2015
38. The Generative Development of Traditional and Self-Completing (Restricted Branching) Cultivars of White Lupin (Lupinus Albus L.), Yellow Lupin (L.Luteus L.) and Narrow-Lafed Lupin (L. Angustifolius L.) Grown under Different Phytotron Conditions
- Author
-
Kamil Frankowski, Jan Kopcewicz, Katarzyna Marciniak, Rafał Mączkowski, and Emilia Wilmowicz
- Subjects
biology ,phytotron ,food and beverages ,generative development ,lupin cultivation ,lcsh:Plant culture ,biology.organism_classification ,Abortion rate ,Soil material ,Mineral fertilization ,Lupinus ,Horticulture ,Human fertilization ,fertilization ,Phytotron ,Crop production ,Botany ,lcsh:SB1-1110 ,Cultivar ,flower abortion - Abstract
Increasing the number of flowers and pods set, as well as reducing the intensity of their abortion, is of crucial importance for the yielding of leguminous plants. This study examined the effects of the type of soil used and mineral fertilization applied on the generative development of the traditional and self-completing (restricted branching) cultivars of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.), yellow lupin (L. luteus L.) and narrow-lafed lupin (L. angustifolius L.) cultivated under controlled phytotron conditions. Experiments carried out under such conditions allow for the elimination of variable environmental factors affecting the course of plant ontogenesis in field cultivation, and enable unambiguous interpretation of the biochemical and molecular influence of a selected factor on the physiological process studied. For the first time, the influence of different cultivation factors on generative development of traditional and selfcompleting (restricted branching) cultivars of lupins under phytotrone was examined. The research results presented here indicate that each of the selected lupin cultivars has its own characteristic cultivation conditions that are optimal for its generative development. The largest number of flowers were formed by the traditional cultivars of L. luteus and L. angustifolius, as well as the self-completing (restricted branching) cultivars of L. luteus and L. albus grown in class IIIa soil material. The lowest flower abortion rate was observed in L. albus grown in class V soil material, in L. luteus grown in class IIIa soil material, and in L. angustifolius grown in class IVa soil material. Regardless of the cultivation conditions applied, in all of the lupin cultivars examined the first pods to be set were characterized by the lowest abortion rate. The results obtained allowed for the development of lupin phytotron cultivation models for the purposes of research on generative development control.
- Published
- 2014
39. Ethylene-dependent effects on generative organ abscission of Lupinus luteus
- Author
-
Juan de Dios Alché, Jan Kopcewicz, Agnieszka Zienkiewicz, Agata Kućko, Kamil Frankowski, Emilia Wilmowicz, and Krzysztof Zienkiewicz
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Ethylene ,Plant Science ,1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid ,01 natural sciences ,organ abscission ,Lupinus luteus ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Abscission ,food ,lcsh:Botany ,ethylene ,1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid ,Oxidase test ,Organ abscission ,ATP synthase ,biology ,fungi ,food.food ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,Phytohormones ,phytohormones ,Transformation (genetics) ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Pedicel ,biology.protein ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Te abscission of certain organs from the plant is part of the fulfilment of its developmental programs. Te separation process occurs in a specialized abscission zone usually formed at the base of detached organ. Te changing level of phytohormones, particularly ethylene, is the element responsible for coordinating anatomical and physiological transformation that accompanies organ abscission. Te application of ethylene (ET) on Lupinus luteus stimulates flower abortion. However, the treatment with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) - direct ET precursor - does not cause such a strong physiological response. In turn, when applied on the pedicels both ET biosynthesis (2-aminoethoxyvinylglycine; AVG) and action (norbornadiene; NBD) inhibitors reversed the stimulatory effect of ET on generative organ separation. In order to determine ET role in the flower abscission process in L. luteus, we identified the sequences coding for synthase (LlACS) and oxidase (LlACO) of ACC and measured their expression levels. Abscission zone activation is accompanied by a considerable increase both in LlACS and LlACO cDNAs and also ACC content, which is specifically localized in the dividing cells at the base of the flower being detached. Obtained results suggest that ET is a strong stimulator of flower abortion in L. luteus., This project was supported by the funds provided by Polish Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development grants Nos. 149/2011, 222/2016 and funds provided by Nicolaus Copernicus University (Toruń, Poland) for the research program of the Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology. AK thanks the eidA3-ceiA3 consortium for funding throughout the program for PhD cosupervision for foreign students.
- Published
- 2017
40. Involvement of the IAA-Regulated ACC Oxidase Gene PnACO3 in Pharbitis Nil Flower Inhibition
- Author
-
Kamil Frankowski, Jacek Kęsy, Emilia Wilmowicz, Agata Kućko, and Jan Kopcewicz
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Messenger RNA ,Ethylene ,biology ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Pharbitis nil ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Seedling ,Transcription (biology) ,Auxin ,Flower induction ,Ipomoea nil - Abstract
The study examined the influence of light and auxin on the transcription level of PnACO3, a gene involved in ethylene production, in relation to the inhibitory effect of ethylene on flower induction in the short-day plant Pharbitis nil (=Ipomoea nil). Exogenous auxin was shown to increase the level of PnACO3 mRNA, with the effect depending on the experimental conditions. Light did not affect the level of PnACO3 mRNA. Applying auxin to seedling cotyledons at the beginning of inductive night boosted PnACO3 transcriptional activity even threefold during the next few hours, supporting our previous suggestion that the inhibitory effect of auxin on P. nil flowering results from its stimulatory effect on ethylene production.
- Published
- 2014
41. Ethylene, auxin, and abscisic acid interactions in the control of photoperiodic flower induction in Pharbitis nil
- Author
-
Agata Kućko, Jan Kopcewicz, Emilia Wilmowicz, Jacek Kęsy, Kamil Frankowski, and Brygida Świeżawska
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Ethylene ,biology ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Pharbitis nil ,Endogeny ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,biology.organism_classification ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Auxin ,Flower induction ,Gene expression ,Botany ,Abscisic acid - Abstract
Interactions between indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and ethylene (ET) in the photoperiodic flower induction of a short-day (SD) plant Pharbitis nil were investigated. It was shown that both IAA and ABA applied just before and during the first half of the 16-h-long inductive night inhibited flower induction in P. nil. Ethylene is also thought to be a strong flowering inhibitor of SD plants but only when it is applied in the second half of the inductive night. The application of IAA just before the inductive night decreased the content of endogenous ABA in cotyledons only during the first half of the inductive night. Additionally, the application of 2-aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) — an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor — partially reversed the inhibitory effect of IAA and ABA on flowering. The results suggest that the mechanisms of P. nil flower inhibition by IAA and ABA might be independent. However, both the hormones influenced ethylene production which directly inhibited flowering. We also show that ABA applied on the cotyledons of P. nil seedlings just before the inductive night caused a clear increase in the expression of PnACS1 and PnACS2 genes (encoding enzymes involved in ethylene biosynthesis) from the first hours after its application. The transcripts of PnACO1 and PnACO3 genes were also increased but their maximal values were shifted in relation to the PnACS1 and PnACS2. The data presented here strongly support the idea that both IAA and ABA inhibit P. nil flowering through the modulation of ethylene biosynthesis.
- Published
- 2014
42. The involvement of InMIR167 in the regulation of expression of its target gene InARF8, and their participation in the vegetative and generative development of Ipomoea nil plants
- Author
-
Agnieszka Zienkiewicz, Jan Kopcewicz, W. Wojciechowski, Paulina Glazińska, Emilia Wilmowicz, and Kamil Frankowski
- Subjects
Genetics ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Ipomoea nil ,Indoleacetic Acids ,biology ,Physiology ,MRNA cleavage ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,MicroRNAs ,chemistry ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,Auxin ,Arabidopsis ,Arabidopsis thaliana ,Primordium ,Plant hormone ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Gene ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
The plant hormone auxin plays a critical role in regulating plant growth and development. Recent advances have been made that having improved our understanding of auxin response pathways, primarily by characterizing the genes encoding auxin response factors (ARFs) in Arabidopsis. In addition, the expression of some ARFs is regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). In Arabidopsis thaliana, ARF6 and ARF8 are targeted by miR167, whereas ARF10, ARF16 and ARF17 are targeted by miR160. Nevertheless, little is known about any possible interactions between miRNAs and the auxin signaling pathway during plant development. In this study, we isolated the miR167 target gene InARF8 cDNA from the cotyledons of the short day plant (SDP) Ipomoea nil (named also Pharbitis nil). Additionally, the In-miR167 precursor was identified from the I. nil EST database and analyses of InARF8 mRNA, In-pre-miR167 and mature miR167 accumulation in the plant's vegetative and generative organs were performed. The identified cDNA of InARF8 contains a miR167 complementary sequence and shows significant similarity to ARF8 cDNAs of other plant species. The predicted amino acid sequence of InARF8 includes all of the characteristic domains for ARF family transcription factors (B3 DNA-binding domain, AUX/IAA-CTD and a glutamine-rich region). Quantitative RT-PCR reactions and in situ hybridization indicated that InARF8 was expressed primarily in the shoot apices, leaf primordia and hypocotyls of I. nil seedlings, as well as in flower pistils and petals. The InARF8 transcript level increased consistently during the entire period of pistil development, whereas in the stamens, the greatest transcriptional activity occurred only during the intensive elongation phase. Additionally, an expression analysis of both the precursor In-pre-miR167 molecules identified and mature miRNA was performed. We observed that, in most of the organs examined, the InARF8 expression pattern was opposite to that of MIR167, indicating that the gene's activity was regulated by mRNA cleavage. Our findings suggested that InARF8 and InMIR167 participated in the development of young tissues, especially the shoot apices and flower elements. The main function of MIR167 appears to be to regulate InARF8 organ localization.
- Published
- 2014
43. Influence of gibberellins on flower formation in Hyoscyamus niger L
- Author
-
Gabriela Centkowska and Jan Kopcewicz
- Subjects
biology ,Axillary bud ,lcsh:Botany ,Botany ,Shoot ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Gibberellin ,Plant Science ,Hyoscyamus niger ,biology.organism_classification ,Flower formation ,lcsh:QK1-989 - Abstract
Gibberellins (GA4+7) and gibberellin-like substances isolated from generatively induced black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger> L.) bring about the growth of shoots and a partial differentiation of axillary meristem in black henbane plants grown under non-inductive light conditions. Long-lasting application of gibberellins, however, did not result in full development of flowers in the majority of the plants investigated. Thus, it seems, that gibberellins are not specific flowering hormones in black henbane - a long-day plant.
- Published
- 2014
44. The effect of exogenous acetylcholine and other cholinergic agents on photoperiodic flower induction of Pharbitis nil
- Author
-
Andrzej Tretyn, Hanna Łukasiewicz-Rutkowska, Jan Kopcewicz, and Mariusz Cymerski
- Subjects
flower induction ,biology ,Phytochrome ,Bud ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Pharbitis nil ,Far-red ,acetylcholinesterase ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,acetylcholine ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,Horticulture ,lcsh:Botany ,Flower induction ,Botany ,Darkness ,medicine ,Cholinergic ,Acetylcholine ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Exogenous acetylcholine (ACh), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, as well as agonists and antagonists of ACh receptors applied on the cotyledons of 5-day-old seedlings of Pharbitis nil during a 16-hour long inductive night or during a 12-hour long subinductive night, do not essentially influence the flower bud formation. Also the application of above mentioned substances to the seedlings growing under the conditions of 72 hours of darkness, 24 hours of light and then 24 hours of darkness does not influence in an essential way flowering of P. nil. On the other hand, applying these substances on the cotyledons of P. nil during 24-hour-long inductive night, preceded by 72 hours of darkness and then 24 hours of light of lowered intensity finished by 15-minute-long impulse of far red light which inhibit flowering, caused the reversion of the effect of far red light irradiation and stimulated the flowering. The obtained results suggest that endogenous system ACh/AChE could participate in the mechanism of a phytochrome controlled flowering of short day plants.
- Published
- 2014
45. IAA in the control of photoperiodic flower induction of Pharbitis nil chois
- Author
-
Joanna Czaplewska, Jan Kopcewicz, Halina Kulikowska-Gulewska, and Mariusz Cymerski
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,flowering ,Endogenous content ,photoperiodic induction ,biology ,IAA ,Bud ,fungi ,Floral evocation ,food and beverages ,Pharbitis nil ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,Shoot apex ,chemistry ,Auxin ,lcsh:Botany ,Auxin polar transport ,Flower induction ,Botany ,heterocyclic compounds - Abstract
The endogenous content of IAA in the cotyledons of Pharbitis nil is low before and during the first half of the inductive 16-h-long dark period. From the 8th to the 12th hour the level of IAA increased and then again was going down at the end of a dark period. Exogenous IAA applied to the cotyledones before and during the first half of the inductive dark period inhibits flower bud formation. The application of IAA to shoot apex also resulted in the inhibition of flowering. Experiments with TIBA, an auxin polar transport inhibitor, and PCIB, an auxin action inhibitor, have shown that auxin polar transport in cotyledones and long-distance auxin transport from cotyledones to shoot apex play an important role in IAA inhibition of flower bud formation. It suggests that auxins play their role not only at the level of floral induction in cotyledones, but also in the later events of floral evocation and differentiation in shoot apex.
- Published
- 2014
46. Lack of influence of low temperature, light and growth substances on phytochrome resynthesis in coleoptiles of irradiated oat seedlings
- Author
-
Mariusz Cymerski, Jan Kopcewicz, and Kazimierz Madela
- Subjects
High rate ,Phytochrome ,Plant Science ,growth substances ,Biology ,oat coleoptiles ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,Coleoptile ,lcsh:Botany ,Botany ,Etiolation ,Biophysics ,phytochrome metabolism ,Irradiation ,Elongation - Abstract
The photoconversion of phytochrome PR into the PFR form causes at the same time the destruction of the initial large fraction of phytochrome found in the coleoptiles of etiolated oat seedlings. Factors such as low temperature, light of different wavelengths or growth substances are not capable of preventing the progressive destruction and restore the synthesis of phytochrome. Thus an abnormally high level of phytochrome is found only in etiolated seedlings. Such seedlings, on the other hand, are characterized by a very high rate of elongation growth. The role of phytochrome in the control of deetiolation of seedlings is discussed.
- Published
- 2014
47. Influence of growth regulators and respiration inhibitors on dark transformation of phytochrome in coleoptiles of oat seedlings
- Author
-
Mariusz Cymerski, Jan Kopcewicz, and Kazimierz Madela
- Subjects
Phytochrome ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,Antimycin A ,Biology ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Transformation (genetics) ,Coleoptile ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,lcsh:Botany ,Respiration ,medicine ,Kinetin ,Red light ,Acetylcholine ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Irradiation with red light leads to the formation of an unstable, undergoing gradual destruction, physiologically active PFR form of phytochrome in the coleoptiles of oat seedlings. Growth substances: IAA, GA3, kinetin, ABA, ethrel as well acetylcholine do not influence the nature and rate of phytochrome dark transformation. Inhibitors of energy-producing processes such as KCN, 2,4-DNP, DCCD and antimycin A inhibit the process of dark destruction of the PFR form of phytochrome.
- Published
- 2014
48. Gibberellin-like substances in embryonic shoots of Scots pine in relation to generative differentiation
- Author
-
Jan Kopcewicz and Halina Kulikowska-Gulewska
- Subjects
gibberellins ,Apical dominance ,fungi ,Scots pine ,food and beverages ,Endogeny ,Plant Science ,generative differentiation ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Embryonic stem cell ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,Inflorescence ,embryonic shoots ,lcsh:Botany ,Shoot ,Botany ,Juvenile ,Gibberellin ,pine - Abstract
Investigations were carried out on embryonic shoots of lateral and terminal buds of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) of different age. at various stages of seasonal devclopment. The results show that there is a correlation between gibberellins content and apical dominance in pine. More are found in terminal buds than in lateral ones. The transition from a juvenile phase into a mature one in Scots pine is accompanied by a lowering of the gibberellin content. The formation of male inflorescences is accompanied by an increased amount of endogenous gibberellins and the appearence of a new group of non-polar gibberellin-like substances. The formation of female cones is connected with the lowering of endogenous gibberellin content.
- Published
- 2014
49. The level of phyA in Pharbitis nil Chois during the photoperiodic flower induction
- Author
-
Krzysztof Jaworski, Jan Kopcewicz, and Adriana Szmidt-Jaworska
- Subjects
photoperiodism ,Phytochrome ,Plant physiology ,Pharbitis nil ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,Biology ,phytochrome degradation and reaccumulation ,biology.organism_classification ,Dark period ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,labile phytochrome ,Chromoprotein ,Flower induction ,photoperi-odic flower induction ,lcsh:Botany ,Darkness ,Botany - Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine if there is any relationship between an endogenous phyA level and photoperiodic flower induction. The level of phyA was characterised with polyclonal antibodies directed to phyA from pea. At first it was detected that phyA level is predominant in cotyledons, whereas in roots and stems the concentration of labile phytochrome is rather low. So cotyledons were used for later experiments. In these cotyledons exposed to light illumination a rapid destruction of phyA has been observed. The loss of extractable phyA chromoprotein occurs already after 60 min of irradiation. Pharbitis nil is a short-day plant and a single 16-hours-long dark period is fully inductive. We assessed that phyA level is extremely low during a long inductive night and an immunodetectable phytochrome appears only after 24 hours of darkness. The obtained results suggest that labile phytochrome is not taking part in the direct control of the photoperiodic flower induction.
- Published
- 2014
50. Influence of night-breaks on flowering and phytohormones content in Hyoscyamus niger L
- Author
-
Gabriela Centkowska and Jan Kopcewicz
- Subjects
photoperiodism ,lcsh:Botany ,fungi ,Shoot ,Botany ,food and beverages ,Gibberellin ,Plant Science ,Hyoscyamus niger ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Flower formation ,lcsh:QK1-989 - Abstract
Night-breaks caused both stimulated shoot growth and caused formation of flowers as well as a general increase in the content of phytohormones in leaves of the long-day plant Hyoscyamus niger L. At the time of flower formation in night-break treated plants, new gibberellin-like substances also appear. The results show that night-breaks cause similar changes in the phytohormones content as a long inductive photoperiod. It may be assumed that independently of the way of induction, the generative differentiation of long-day plants is always accompanied by a general increase in the amount of endogenous hormones and the appearance of new gibberellins. These results suggest the possibility of a morphogenetic role of hormones, especially gibberellins, in the phenomena of flower formation and differentiation.
- Published
- 2014
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.