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Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Experiments with changes in motion geometry can provide valuable data for engineering and development purposes, allowing a better understanding of the influence of tribological factors on the performance and service life of joints. The presented subject article focused on the experimental investigation of the influence of the geometry of the movement of the friction process on the change in the tribological properties of 30CrNiMo8 steel. The friction process was carried out without the use of a lubricant in contact with a steel ball of G40 material with a diameter of 4.76 mm. The steel ball performed two types of movement on the surface of the experimental material. The first method used was ball on disc, in which the ball moved reciprocally in an oval direction at an angle of 180° on a circumferential length of 35 mm at a speed of 5 mm/s. The second method consists of the same input parameters of the measurement, with the difference that the path along which the ball moved had a linear character. The load during the experiment was set at a constant value of 50 N with 1000 repetitions. The results show that with the ball on disc method, there was an increase in wear by 147% compared to the linear test method, which was approximately a coefficient of increase in wear of 2.468. EDS analysis pointed to the occurrence of oxidative wear that affected the resulting COF values, which were lower by 8% when using the ball on disc method due to a more uniform distribution of O and C on the surface of the friction groove where these elements acted as solid microlubricants. With the ball on disc method, defects in the form of microcracks occurred, which affected the reduction in the values of the depth of the affected area of microhardness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The presented paper deals with a study of selected rubber compounds as well as their vulcanizates with partially replaced commonly used filler by adding selected alternative fillers. Alternative fillers were mixed into rubber compounds as partial replacement of commonly used filler – carbon black. As an alternative partial replacement of common filler, we have chosen fine fractions of the waste of thermoplastics. The differences of rubber compounds were based on the amount of used alternative filler. We determined vulcanization characteristics of prepared tread compounds and physical and mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties of their vulcanizates. From the measured results it can be concluded that studied waste can be used in the function of filler into rubber, as partial replacement of commonly used filler.

The aim of given paper is to study selected polymers using dynamic mechanical analysis method (DMA). DMA is one of the most useful techniques for the study of the viscoelastic behaviour of thermoplastic polymers. In relation to DMA, an oscillatory stress and strain is applied to the material at specific frequencies and temperatures and based on this mentioned fact hereinbefore, the resulting changes after the loading in the material are measured. This technique allows detecting the melting temperature and the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic materials. Furthermore, some spectroscopy techniques, such as energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and infrared spectroscopy (IR), were also used for the investigation of the thermoplastics. The thermoplastics used for examination, namely polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate, were gained from the waste of the packaging.

The presented paper deals with the use of waste materials as ecological fillers into rubber matrix. Waste materials were used as partial replacement of the commercial filler – carbon black, designated as N339. These prepared rubber compounds were characterized on the basis of the rheology and vulcanization characteristics – minimum torque (ML), maximum torque (MH), optimum time of vulcanization (t(c90)), processing safety of compound (ts), rate coefficient of vulcanization (Rv). In the case of the prepared vulcanizates, physical-mechanical properties (tensile strength, tensibility and hardness) and dynamic-mechanical properties (storage modulus, loss modulus, loss angle tan δ) were investigated. Using the dependency of loss angle on temperature, the selected properties for tyre tread vulcanizates were evaluated, including traction on snow and ice, traction on the wet surface and rolling resistance.

The submitted study represents the research of alternative fillers based on polypropylene (PP) waste from the production of PP fibres and PP foils and its application in the polymeric materials applied in rubber industry. Properties of alternative fillers based on PP fibers and PP powder were studied by spectral and thermal analysis. The study is aimed at the use of polypropylene fibres and polypropylene powder as fillers in rubber blend as a partial replacement of carbon black. The influence of amount and the type of used alternative filler in rubber blend was evaluated. Curing characteristics of prepared tread blends were studied. Physical-mechanical properties before and after accelerated thermal aging in air and dynamical mechanical properties of prepared vulcanizates were determined and studied. The evaluation of prepared tread blends respectively tread vulcanizates results the possibility of partial replacement of common used carbon black N339 by studied PP fibres and PP powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of Ca2+-, Cu2+- and Fe3+-exchanged montmorillonite (MMT) on the type of interaction with aniline in the interlayer space of MMT has been studied by means of X-ray powder diffraction and infrared spectra. Results of X-ray diffraction showed that aniline was successfully intercalated into the interlayer space of MMT. Based on IR spectra evaluation, aniline was indirectly coordinated through a water-bridge in Ca2+- and Fe3+-MMT and it was indirectly coordinated through a water-bridge as well as protonated in Cu2+-MMT (the spectrum of protonated aniline showed deformation and changes in the NH+3 absorption at approximately 1521 cm−1). It is important to point out that Cu2+-MMT indirect coordination and protonation occur simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]