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Abstract. Learning from errors and feedback is an important topic in the Education Sciences as it relates as much to student achievement, teacher development, and learning in general. Its ramifications connect with reflective practice, inhibition of spontaneous and erroneous answers, conceptual change, self-regulated learning, assessment, and metacognition. Research in education has studied the use of feedback from different perspectives (e.g., cognitivism, behaviorism, socioculturalism, constructivism) but has rarely considered the way the brain processes feedback for learning. Therefore, this article reviews the scientific literature linking neural correlates of feedback processing to general or specific learning outcomes, published from 2005 to 2015. From a total of 229 search results, 30 scientific publications were selected according to predefined selection criteria.

International audience; Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a cutaneous autoimmune disease, characterized by an inflammatory cascade leading to blister formation. Although macrophages were shown to participate in BP pathophysiology, their role in the blister formation process still needs to be investigated. We here addressed the influence of serum and blister fluid (BF) from patients with BP on the polarization status of macrophages with regards to the metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression. We demonstrated that several markers related to the alternatively activated macrophage phenotype (M2) including IL-10, TARC, arginase, TNFα, and IL-1RA were meaningfully increased in BF of patients with BP. We further showed that BF, but not serum from patients with BP, significantly induced the expression of CD163, CD206, and IL-10 in BP monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Notably IL-10 was the only cytokine to be correlated to the reference clinical score, BP disease activity index (BPDAI), especially to the inflammatory BPDAI subscore evaluating urticarial and erythematous skin lesions (r = 0.57, p = 0.0004). We also found elevated levels of MMP-9 to M2-type macrophages ex vivo and highlighted the presence of CD163+ MMP-9+ macrophages histologically, at skin lesional site. Finally, we showed that methylprednisolone reduced MMP-9 levels in MDMs without modifying the other M2 markers. All together these results strongly support the presence of M2-phenotype macrophages with pro-inflammatory properties susceptible to favor blister formation in BP.

International audience; Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune bullous skin disease characterized by anti-BP180 and anti-BP230 autoantibodies (AAbs). Mucous membrane involvement is an uncommon clinical feature of BP which may evoke epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, another skin autoimmune disease characterized by anti-type VII collagen AAbs. We therefore evaluated the presence of anti-type VII collagen AAbs in the serum of BP patients with and without mucosal lesions at time of diagnosis and under therapy. Anti-BP180, anti-BP230, and anti-type VII collagen AAbs were measured by ELISA in the serum of unselected patients fulfilling clinical and histo/immunopathological BP criteria at baseline (n = 71) and at time of relapse (n = 24). At baseline, anti-type VII collagen AAbs were detected in 2 out of 24 patients with BP presenting with mucosal involvement, but not in patients without mucosal lesions (n = 47). At the time of relapse, 10 out of 24 BP patients either displayed a significant induction or increase of concentrations of anti-type VII collagen AAbs (P

International audience; Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune bullous disease and typically affects the elderly. Binding of specific autoantibodies to BP180/230 hemidesmosomal components induces an inflammatory response leading to skin blister formation. Unusual manifestations of BP include additional mucous membrane involvement, without pathophysiological knowledge associated to the formation of these lesions. We here performed a prospective study on series of consecutive BP patients with (n = 77) and without (n = 18) mucosal involvements at baseline to further investigate why some BP patients display mucosal lesion and other not. Analysis of disease activity showed that BP patients with mucosal involvement displayed a higher total BP Disease Area Index (BPDAI) score (P = 0.008), but also higher skin and blister/erosion BPDAI scores (P = 0.02 and P = 0.001, respectively). By contrast, the erythema/urticaria BPDAI score was identical between the two groups of patients. The erythema/urticaria BPDAI score, but not the blister/erosion BPDAI score, was correlated with the serum concentration of anti-BP180 NC16A autoantibodies in patients with mucosal involvement. In multivariate analysis, the absence of anti-BP230 autoantibody was the only factor independently associated with mucosal involvement (OR 7.8; 95% CI, 3.1-19.6) (P

Cet article présente une partie des résultats d’une recherche portant sur les interventions visant à favoriser l’éveil à la lecture et à l’écriture (ÉLÉ) d’enfants d’âge préscolaire dans leur communauté. Le cas des bibliothèques publiques est approfondi. Abordant la famille depuis une perspective écosystémique, les chercheurs ont sondé par questionnaires et groupes de discussion plus de 200 intervenants dans des organismes oeuvrant en éducation, et 150 familles dans quinze régions québécoises. Les résultats de cette approche mixte permettent d’identifier des facteurs favorisant l’ÉLÉ dans les bibliothèques publiques, notamment en outillant les parents en milieu défavorisé., This paper presents the findings of a research project about interventions to promote the éveil à la lecture et à l’écriture (ÉLÉ) (discover reading and writing) for preschoolers in their community. The case of public libraries is explored. Applying an ecosystemic model to explore family, the researchers surveyed more than 200 stakeholders in organizations working in education, and more than 150 parents in nearly thirty communities by using questionnaires and focus groups. The results enabled the identification of factors facilitating the ÉLÉ activities in public libraries, including providing tools to parents in socially deprived areas.

The development of a reliable dose monitoring system in hadron therapy is essential in order to control the treatment plan delivery. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is the only method used in clinics nowadays for quality assurance. However, the accuracy of this method is limited by the loss of signal due to the biological washout processes. Up to the moment, very few studies measured the washout processes and there is no database of washout data as a function of the tissue and radioisotope. One of the main difficulties is related to the complexity of such measurements, along with the limited time slots available in hadron therapy facilities. Thus, in this work, we proposed an alternative in vivo methodology for the measurement and modeling of the biological washout parameters without any radiative devices. It consists in the implementation of a point-like radioisotope source by direct injection on the tissues of interest and its measurement by means of high-resolution preclinical PET systems. In particular, the washout of 11C carbonate radioisotopes was assessed, considering that 11C is is the most abundant β+ emitter produced by carbon beams. 11C washout measurements were performed in several tissues of interest (brain, muscle and 9L tumor xenograf) in rodents (Wistar rat). Results show that the methodology presented is sensitive to the washout variations depending on the selected tissue. Finally, a first qualitative correlation between 11C tumor washout properties and tumor metabolism (via 18F-FDG tracer uptake) was found.

Psychophysiological correlates of learning and performance are currently viewed as an important source of information for the improvement of many spheres of human activity, including the field of education. Studies in neuroeducation are likely to benefit from the concomitant analysis of different levels in the cognitive architecture (psychophysiological, cognitive, and social cognitive). The case study reported herein is concerned with the psychophysiological and cognitive levels. The objective is to test a methodology permitting, on the one hand, to relate data from EEG and data from a thinkaloud procedure collected simultaneously during the performance of a problemsolving task in a semantically-complex domain and, on the other hand, to test hypotheses regarding functional relationships between those levels. During a two-hour experiment, a single participant planned remedial reading activities on the basis of a description of a student having reading difficulties. The procedure for data preparation is presented. Then, as an illustration of the methodology, hypotheses involving both levels are tested. Results show that the methodology can establish correlational relations between targeted levels in terms of cooccurrence of cognitive and psychophysiological states. They also show that an EEG trace transformed into 1-second intervals characterizing brain states is not sufficiently fine-grained to test causal relationships based on the temporality of the data. This study stresses the need to explore the phenomenon of rapidlytransitioning psychophysiological microstates in the context of neuroeducational research.

International audience; In this paper, the authors' review the applicability of the open-source GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform based on the GEANT4 toolkit for radiation therapy and dosimetry applications. The many applications of GATE for state-of-the-art radiotherapy simulations are described including external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy, intraoperative radiotherapy, hadrontherapy, molecular radiotherapy, and in vivo dose monitoring. Investigations that have been performed using GEANT4 only are also mentioned to illustrate the potential of GATE. The very practical feature of GATE making it easy to model both a treatment and an imaging acquisition within the same frameworkis emphasized. The computational times associated with several applications are provided to illustrate the practical feasibility of the simulations using current computing facilities.

International audience; In order to counteract the antenna impedance mismatch due to its interaction with the environment, one solution is to add an antenna tuner between the front-end module and the antenna. In this paper, we present the large signal measurement of a 4G integrated antenna tuner, previously presented in [1]. The tuner has been realized in STMicroelectronics 130 nm CMOS SOI technology and operates between 2500 MHz and 2690 MHz. We also propose some improvement to reduce the design parasitics, illustrated by the small signal performances of the optimized circuit

This work is based on the use of a simulation system dedicated for small animal PET imaging. GATE, a Monte Carlo simulation platform based on the Geant4 libraries, is well suited for modelling microPET systems like the microPET® FOCUS 220 and to implement realistic phantoms, such as the MOBY phantom, and radioactive distribution maps obtained from real exams. We used the validated microPET® FOCUS 220 simulation model, with GATE, to produce real simulated PET mouse exams. Results from simulated real studies of the mouse body using [18F] fluoride and the 2-Deoxy-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) imaging protocols are presented. These simulations include the injections of real radioactive doses into the animal and the use of real time frames. We also simulate the respiratory mouse motion during an FDG PET exam using the model proposed in the dynamic MOBY phantom. The qualitative and quantitative results from simulated data are in good agreement with the experimental data.