Search

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento fenológico de três progênies de maracujá silvestre no período de setembro de 2015 a agosto de 2016, nas condições do Cerrado do Planalto Central, em Planaltina - DF. Foram analisados os períodos de floração e frutificação em condições naturais das progênies BRS Maracujá Maçã (BRS MM), BRS Pérola do Cerrado (BRS PC) e BRS Sertão Forte (BRS SF) para verificar o início, a duração e o término das diferentes fenofases. As observações ocorreram semanalmente em campo, sendo realizados registros fotográficos digitais, em flores e frutos de plantas de cada progênie aleatoriamente marcadas em cada área, com a finalidade de identificar os estádios reprodutivos e alterações morfológicas durante a fenologia reprodutiva da espécie. O maior número de botões florais e flores por metro de espaldeira obtidos pelas progênies BRS PC, BRS MM, e BRS SF foram de 284 (fevereiro), 180 (março) e 188 (abril), respectivamente. Já o maior número de frutos contabilizados para as progênies BRS PC, BRS MM e BRS SF foram de 75 (março), 91 (abril) e 77 (agosto), respectivamente. O período de floração e frutificação nas condições do Cerrado do Planalto Central para essas três progênies em estudo é do tipo contínuo, no qual há a produção de flores e frutos ao longo de todo o ano., The objective of this work was to evaluate the phenological behavior of three wild passion fruit progenies in the period from September 2015 to August 2016, under the Savanna conditions in the Central Brazilian High Plains, in Planaltina, DF. Flowering and fruiting periods of BRS Maracujá Maçã (BRS MM), BRS Pérola do Cerrado (BRS PC) and BRS Sertão Forte (BRS SF) were analyzed in natural conditions to verify the beginning, duration and the end of the different phenophases. The observations occurred weekly in the field. Digital photographic records of flowers and fruits of each progeny were taken in plants randomly marked reproductive stages and morphological changes during the reproductive phenology of the progenies were identified and analyzed. The highest number of floral buds and flowers per meter of vertical cordon obtained by progenies BRS PC, BRS MM and BRS SF were 284 (February), 180 (March) and 188 (April), respectively. The highest number of fruits accounted for progenies BRS MM, BRS PC and BRS SF were 75 (March), 91 (April) and 77 (August), respectively. The period of flowering and fruiting in the Savanna conditions in the Central Brazilian High Plains, in Planaltina, DF for these three progenies is of the continuous type, in which there is the production of flowers and fruits throughout the all year., Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales

Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-26T00:41:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Variabilidadegeneticadeprogeniesdemaracujamaca.pdf: 194990 bytes, checksum: 42eff54fc2372791924b4decd8abe09f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Purposes To analyze the main edaphic factors that differentiate ultramafic from typical Cerrado environments and act as agents of the development of biochemical and morphological mechanisms of species adaptation to these harsh environments; and to determine the genetic diversity of three Cerrado’s shrubland native species (Justicia lanstyakii, Euploca salicoides, and Oxalis hirsutissima). Methods We conducted chemical analysis of metal contents in soils, as well as on elemental composition, and analysis of DNA extracted from leaf tissues of the three species found in both environments. In leaves of E. salicoides grown in both environments we evaluated the changes in the levels of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), and total proteins. Results The accessions obtained in ultramafic soils were closer with each other, indicating genetic similarity and major differences in relation to the accessions collected in the Cerrado area. These differentiations probably are related with higher adaptation to soils rich in metals, mainly Ni in ultramafic, and Al in the Cerrado environments. The highest levels of NSC were observed in plants grown in ultramafic soils, including raffinose, which is related to responses to metal detoxification and drought. The allocation of Ni in the trichomes, which does not affect important processes of plant metabolism, is another mechanism developed by E. salicoides to overcome the hyperaccumulation of Ni in their tissues. Conclusions These findings can help select seed collection sites representative of the genetic diversity of native plant species for restoring degraded areas or for phytoremediation of metals.

Conventional cotton production in western Bahia, Brazil, involves intensive use of agricultural inputs and mechanization, which may affect arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This work aimed at studying the impact of conventional and organic cotton production in the AMF of western Bahia. Soil samples were obtained from conventional white cotton and colored cotton organic production systems as well as from native Cerrado areas, close to the white cotton fields, and from the subcaducifolia vegetation, close to the organic colored cotton farms. The most frequent species in the conventional farming areas belonged to the genera Acaulospora (10 spp.); Glomus (8 spp.); Dentiscutata (3 spp.); Ambispora, Pacispora and Scutellospora (2 spp. each), as well as Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Diversispora sp., Entrophospora infrequens, Gigaspora sp., Orbispora pernambucana, Paradentiscutata maritima, and Paraglomus occultum. Eighteen species were found in the organic farming areas, with the predominance of Glomus (5 spp.) and Acaulospora (5 spp.), and with Claroideoglomus, Dentiscutata, Gigaspora, Corymbiglomus, Orbispora, Paraglomus, Scutellospora, and Simiglomus (1 spp. each). Paraglomus bolivianum was first reported in Cerrado. In the native vegetation, nine species were found, with the predominance of Glomus and Acaulospora. The highest number of AMF species was found in the organic farming areas, which deserves further investigation.

The Passiflora genus comprises more than 500 species that are used for food, industrial, ornamental, and pharmaceutical purposes. The sour passion fruit (P. edulis Sims) has low genetic variability for disease resistance, and the use of wild species in the cross-breeding basis is a promising alternative for introgression of resistance genes. The objective of this study was to characterize multispecific hybrids and wild materials with potential to be used as parents in passion fruit genetic breeding programs, using microsatellite markers. Genomic DNA from 33 accessions was extracted and analyzed using 23 microsatellite markers, which were used to estimate the genetic dissimilarities among accessions. The genetic dissimilarity matrices were used to perform clustering analysis by dendrogram using the Unweighted Pair-Group Method as grouping criterion and by graphic dispersion based on multidimensional scale, using the principal coordinates method. Genetic distances between accessions ranged from 0.067 to 1.00. The markers indicated genetic variability among the studied accessions and also the efficiency of the recurrent genome recovery within the backcross program. The genetic structure among the accessions shows the clustering tendency between the wild accessions of P. hatschbachii and P. quadrifaria and the accessions obtained by crossing these species. The same occurred for P. incarnata and P. edulis accessions. The knowledge generated by the molecular characterization provides information on the diversity of accessions and contributes to the work of breeders in the selection of parents.

Compostos secundários têm ação alelopática sobre a germinação, crescimento e desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas, e a Bidens pilosa pode ter sua germinação e crescimento afetados pela ação dos extratos alelopáticos. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se avaliar o potencial alelopático de extratos de braquiária (Brachiaria brizantha), girassol (Helianthus annus) e sorgo (Sorghum bicolor) na germinabilidade e no crescimento inicial de picão-preto (Bidens pilosa). Para isso foi instalado um experimento no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições, sendo eles extrato de braquiária, girassol, sorgo e o controle (água destilada). Os extratos foram obtidos utilizando 200 g de material vegetal fresco para 1.000 mL de água destilada. As sementes foram distribuídas em caixa gerbox contendo duas folhas de papel germitest umedecidas com os tratamentos e levadas para a câmara de germinação. Foi acompanhada diariamente a germinação e, após 10 dias, foi avaliado o crescimento inicial. Os extratos não causaram prejuízos à germinação, porém, provocaram demora em seu tempo de eclosão, sendo o extrato de braquiária o mais prejudicial. As plântulas submetidas aos extratos de braquiária e sorgo apresentaram menor crescimento. Os extratos de braquiária e sorgo não apresentaram ação sobre a porcentagem de germinação das sementes de picão-preto, mas controlaram o crescimento inicial das plântulas e podem ser indicados para possíveis herbicidas naturais. Secondary compounds have allelopathic action on germination and growth, and initial development of seedlings and beggar tick can have its germination and growth affected by the action of allelopathic extracts. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the allelopathic potential of Brachiaria (Brachiaria brizantha), sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and sorghum extracts (Sorghum bicolor) on germination and initial growth of beggar ticks (Bidens pilosa). For this, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replicates and brachiaria, sunflower and sorghum extracts and control (distilled water) treatments. Extracts were obtained using 200 g of plant material and 1,000 mL of distilled water. Seeds were distributed in gerbox containing two sheets of germitest paper moistened with treatments and taken to germination chamber. Germination was daily monitored, and ten days after, initial growth was evaluated. Extracts did not reduce germination. However, they caused increase in germination time, mainly by brachiaria extract. Seedlings submitted to brachiaria and sorghum extracts showed lower growth. Brachiaria and sorghum extracts showed no action on germination, but controlled the initial growth of beggar tick, being potential natural herbicides.

Objetivou-se avaliar qualidade fisiológica de sementes recém-coletadas e armazenadas de espécies de Passiflora. Para P. alata, foi utilizado um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 4 x 3 x 2, sendo quatro genótipos, três tempos de armazenamento e dois tratamentos com e sem uso do regulador vegetal GA4+7 + N-(fenilmetil)- aminopurina aminopurina, com três repetições. Para avaliação das sementes de outras seis espécies, foi utilizado, para cada espécie, o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 5 x 2, sendo cinco tempos de armazenamento e dois tratamentos com e sem o uso do regulador vegetal com três repetições. Análises de variância foram realizadas e posteriormente foram ajustadas equações de regressão linear para a emergência de plântulas. As sementes dos acessos de P. alata e P. maliformis devem ser colocadas para germinar logo após a colheita sem necessidade do regulador vegetal, atingindo 32,50% e 60,00% de plântulas emergidas, respectivamente. Enquanto, P. sidifolia necessita de regulador. Sementes de P. suberosa podem ser armazenadas até seis meses e deve-se utilizar regulador e apresentaram 29,02% de plântulas emergidas. Sementes de P. caerulea e P. hatschbachii devem ser armazenadas até três meses e usar regulador. O teste de tetrazólio confirmou a porcentagem de emergência apresentada pelos acessos avaliados. Made available in DSpace on 2021-10-15T02:06:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Qualidade-fisiologica-de-sementes.pdf: 204236 bytes, checksum: 1da309855555b7dc6dd299d7d5ae941d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-09T00:34:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AqueousplantextractsinthecontrolofBidenspilosaL..pdf: 260782 bytes, checksum: 51d93e15aa5fee7c6602173f6ebe24cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-21T18:08:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Geneticvariabilityofpassifloraspp.basedonissr.pdf: 405465 bytes, checksum: fd15137315c374adcacefc3809fe007f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-15T23:20:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 14.GestoeCaracterizaodoBAGPassifloraspp.atravsdoPortalAleloRGdaEmbrapa1.pdf: 2164347 bytes, checksum: fbb62c0fea9c7bbbde5305911781ec52 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-15

RESUMO: Trabalhos de caracterização são importantes ferramentas para contribuir na inserção de recursos genéticos de passiflora nos programas de melhoramento genético. Sendo assim, objetivou-se realizar a caracterização fenotípica e analisar a diversidade genética de acessos de Passiflora spp., baseada em descritores multicategóricos de folhas e flores. O estudo foi realizado no Banco Ativo de Germoplasma ?Flor da Paixão? da Embrapa Cerrados. Foram caracterizados 125 acessos de Passiflora spp. utilizando 48 descritores qualitativos multicategóricos (23 de folha e 25 de flor). Com base na distribuição de frequência dos acessos nas diferentes classes fenotípicas de cada descritor, foi estimado o coeficiente de entropia de cada descritor. Foram estimadas distâncias genéticas entre os acessos, por meio do complemento do índice de coincidência simples. A partir da matriz de distâncias genéticas, realizou-se a análise de agrupamento via dendrograma, utilizando como critério o método Unweighted Pair-Group Method using Arithmetic Avarages. A caracterização fenotípica baseada em descritores multicategóricos contribuiu para a diferenciação dos 125 acessos Passiflora spp., servindo como importante instrumento para quantificar a diversidade existente e clara separação entre as espécies, sendo importante para estudos mais completos de caracterização e diversidade de recursos genéticos do gênero Passiflora. ABSTRACT: Characterization works are important tools that contribute to the insertion of passiflora genetic resources in breeding programs. This study aimed to perform phenotypic characterization and analyze the genetic diversity of Passiflora spp. accessions using qualitative multicategoric descriptors from leaves and flowers. The study was conducted in the Active Germplasm Bank ?Flor da Paixão? at Embrapa Cerrados. One hundred and twenty five Passiflora spp accessions were characterized using 48 qualitative multicategoric descriptors (23 from leaves and 25 from flower). Accessions frequency distribution on different phenotypic classes of each descriptor was used to estimate the entropy coefficient for each descriptor. Genetic distances between accessions were estimated using a simple coincidence index. From the genetic distance matrix, grouping analysis via dendrogram were performed using as criterion the Unweighted Pair-Group Method using Arithmetic method Avarages. Phenotypic characterization based on qualitative multicategoric descriptors contributed to differentiation of the 125 Passiflora spp. Accessions, and was an important tool to quantifying the existing diversity and accessions differentiation. It contributes to more comprehensive studies of genetic diversity and characterization of Passiflora genetic resources Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-29T23:30:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fabio1.pdf: 1217466 bytes, checksum: 4c6450f71d2a2fe14af82301eb3a21bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-12-28