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This paper presents a VP account of the adverbial modification required, in some way, by the middle construction in Russian and the related construction in English: Kartoska pocistilas' legko 'The potato peeled easily.' The account develops a syntax and semantics for the adverbial middle (Type I: Ackema and Schoorlemmer 2006) that is free of various requirements often supposed for it, notably an "implicit agent" and a generic interpretation. The main condition on adverbial middle formation is access to an embedded state predicate of the object in the logical structure of the head.

Levine, James S. (Yale University, New Haven, Conn.), and Norman Strauss . Lag period characterizing the entry of transforming deoxyribonucleic acid into Bacillus subtilis . J. Bacteriol. 89: 281–287. 1965.—The kinetics of appearance of transformants as a function of time of exposure to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has been studied in Bacillus subtilis . A short lag period of approximately 1 min at 37 C is evident when the transformation is terminated with deoxyribonuclease. The length of this lag is independent of the genetic trait transferred. Moreover, the lag is unaffected by transforming DNA concentration, by the presence of homologous unmarked DNA, and by shearing and cross-linking of the transforming DNA. The lag shows a strong inverse temperature dependence. The energy of activation is 13.9 kcal. The lag is abolished when the transformation is terminated by washing instead of by addition of deoxyribonuclease. These results are taken to indicate an immediate adsorption of DNA to cells, followed by a deoxyribonuclease-sensitive period of 1 min, during which time the genetic trait is entering the cell. These results make feasible an investigation of the configuration assumed by the DNA molecule during entry into the cell.

Since cytochrome c and myoglobin are heme proteins, we tested the assumption that their catabolism contributes to endogenous CO production(Vco). Adult mice were injected with NaHCO3 solution or this solution containing equimolar amounts of myoglobin, cytochrome c, freshly dissolved hematin or hematin stored for 24 and 48 hrs. After the injection, each mouse was placed in a glass chamber from which gas was sampled at 4 and 23 hrs. Within 4 hrs of injecting myoglobin or freshly prepared hematin, the Vco was 2 to 4 fold greater than for control mice. Tin protoporphyrin prevented most of this rise in Vco suggesting that heme oxygenase mediated the reaction. In contrast, Vco 4 hrs after injecting either cytochrome c or stored hematin was indistinguishable from control mice. However between 4 to 23 hrs Vco increased and was comparable to myoglobin or fresh hematin treated animals. The cytochrome c heme differs from myoglobin or hemoglobin only in that the 2 vinyl groups are covalently linked to cysteine. Storage of hematin also alters these vinyl groups (NEJM 315:235, 1986). While these in vivo studies suggest that heme cleavage at the α methene bridge requires 2 vinyl groups on the adjacent pyrrole rings, in vitro studies (J Biol Chem 257:9944, 1982) suggest alternative explanations. The delayed increase in Vco from cytochrome c and aged hematin suggests either slow conversion to compounds that are cleaved by heme oxygenase or excretion and CO formation by enteric bacteria.

This paper is concerned with an area of second language learning which has long been regarded as idiomatic and therefore not amenable to systematization.' Specifically, we have in mind the lexical combinability of words, i.e., the tendency of one word to occur with another word or words to convey a particular meaning. This area, which involves questions of style and word-usage, is an extremely difficult aspect of language learning; it requires not only knowledge of the dictionary definitions of vocabulary items, but also information about their combinatory properties. One of the most effective methods of dealing with this problem derives from a principle first developed within the context of machine translation theory.2 This principle has come to be known in linguistic literature as the theory of lexical functions. The present paper will demonstrate the applicability of lexical functions to the problem of word-collocations in the acquisition of German as a second language. The term lexical function refers to the regular semantic relations which exist between certain key words and other words (or wordcombinations) in a language. According to this theory, words are not viewed in isolation, but rather as lexical correlates of other words. The formalism used to express a lexical function consists of three elements: the name of the function, the key word (in parentheses), and the word or word-combination value of the function. An example of a lexical function is the semantic relation between a (key) word denoting a certain phenomenon and the designation "to a very high degree" (of the phenomenon). This function has been called "Magn" (from Latin magnus) and is illustrated as follows

The association between prematurity and early rupture of amniotie membranes prompted studies of the tensile strength and elastic limit of human fetal membranes. Chorio-amniotic membranes were obtained from 14 uncomplicated, term pregnancies at the time of elective, repeat C-section. None of the mothers had been in labor, all of them had intact membranes prior to the section, and all of the infants were normal. Multiple sites were sampled from each amniotie sac by mounting samples between two circular surfaces (O.D. 3 cm) with a central tapered round hole (diameter 0.45 cm). Progressive increases in the pressure provided by a tank of compressed nitrogen were plotted by a X-Y plotter against the displacement of a rod by the stretched membrane up to the point of bursting. Human membranes had marked (>3 fold) variability in bursting pressure and elastic limit as compared to synthetic membranes of silicone or polyethylene polymer. There was a positive correlation between the pressure and the elastic limit at the point of bursting for samples of amnion (r=.53, p