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Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is the major cause of graft loss in kidney transplant recipients. The Banff classification defines two classes of AMR, active and chronic active but over time this classification has become increasingly complex. To simplify the approach to AMR, we developed activity and chronicity indices based on kidney transplant biopsy findings and examined their association with graft survival in 147 patients with active or chronic active AMR, all of whom had donor-specific antibodies and were treated for AMR. The activity index was determined as the sum of Banff glomerulitis (g), peritubular capillaritis (ptc), arteritis (v) and C4d scores, with a maximum score of 12. The chronicity index was the sum of interstitial fibrosis (ci), tubular atrophy (ct), chronic vasculopathy (cv), and chronic glomerulopathy (cg) scores, the latter doubled, with a maximum score of 15. While the activity index was generally not associated with graft loss, the chronicity index was significantly associated with graft loss with an optimal threshold value of 4 or greater for predicting graft loss. The association of the chronicity index of 4 or greater with graft loss was independent of other parameters associated with graft loss, including the estimated glomerular filtration rate at the time of biopsy, chronic active (versus active) AMR, AMR with de novo (versus persistent/rebound) donor-specific antibodies, Banff (g+ptc) scores, concurrent T cell-mediated rejection and donor-specific antibody reduction post-biopsy. The association of the chronicity index of 4 or greater with graft loss was confirmed in an independent cohort of 61 patients from Necker Hospital, Paris. Thus, our findings suggest that the chronicity index may be valuable as a simplified approach to decision-making in patients with AMR.

Context Preclinical studies show seliciclib (R-roscovitine) suppresses neoplastic corticotroph proliferation and pituitary adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) production. Objective To evaluate seliciclib as an effective pituitary-targeting treatment for patients with Cushing disease (CD). Methods Two prospective, open-label, phase 2 trials, conducted at a tertiary referral pituitary center, included adult patients with de novo, persistent, or recurrent CD who received oral seliciclib 400 mg twice daily for 4 consecutive days each week for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint in the proof-of-concept single-center study was normalization of 24-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC; ≤ 50 µg/24 hours) at study end; in the pilot multicenter study, primary endpoint was UFC normalization or ≥ 50% reduction in UFC from baseline to study end. Results Sixteen patients were consented and 9 were treated. Mean UFC decreased by 42%, from 226.4 ± 140.3 µg/24 hours at baseline to 131.3 ± 114.3 µg/24 hours by study end. Longitudinal model showed significant UFC reductions from baseline to each treatment week. Three patients achieved ≥ 50% UFC reduction (range, 55%-75%), and 2 patients exhibited 48% reduction; none achieved UFC normalization. Plasma ACTH decreased by 19% (P = 0.01) in patients who achieved ≥ 48% UFC reduction. Three patients developed grade ≤ 2 elevated liver enzymes, anemia, and/or elevated creatinine, which resolved with dose interruption/reduction. Two patients developed grade 4 liver-related serious adverse events that resolved within 4 weeks of seliciclib discontinuation. Conclusion Seliciclib may directly target pituitary corticotrophs in CD and reverse hypercortisolism. Potential liver toxicity of seliciclib resolves with treatment withdrawal. The lowest effective dose requires further determination.

Although postoperative diet modification, exercise, and regular dietitian and surgeon follow-up are often recommended after bariatric surgery (BS), their impact on weight loss is unclear. A Retrospective chart review was conducted for patients who received sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) between August 2000 and November 2017 with telephone follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression models were used for analyses. There were 514 patients included in our study. Most were female (76.3%), mean age was 46.9 years (Standard Deviation [SD] = 11.8), and mean weight loss was 11.6 (SD = 6.5) BMI points at a mean follow-up of 7 years (SD = 4.3). Current surgeon follow-up OR = 2.08 (P < .01) was positively associated with postoperative weight loss, while current dietitian follow-up=OR .41 (P < .01) was negatively associated. Current weight loss supplement use OR = .45 (P = .03) was associated with reduced willingness to undergo surgery again. Increasing preoperative BMI OR = 1.06 (P = .04) and increasing age OR = 1.04 (P = .02) were associated with improved quality of life (QoL) due to BS. Lack of surgeon follow-up and regular dietician consultation was associated with suboptimal weight loss after BS. Older age was positively associated with improved QoL, while current weight loss supplement use was associated with lower likelihood of undergoing surgery again, both independent of weight loss.

Total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis has become the standard procedure for patients with medically refractory ulcerative colitis, although a subset will develop de novo Crohn's disease.In this study, we investigated the association of preoperative C-reactive protein levels with the development of de novo Crohn's disease after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.A prospectively maintained database of patients undergoing ileal pouch-anal anastomosis was reviewed.Preoperative C-reactive protein levels were compared between patients who developed de novo Crohn's disease and those who did not. De novo Crohn's disease was defined as small-bowel inflammation proximal to the ileal pouch or perianal disease identified more than 3 months after ileostomy closure. To minimize the heterogeneity of the timing of preoperative C-reactive protein measurement and the severity of ulcerative colitis, only hospitalized patients who had proctocolectomy for severe ulcerative colitis were included in the study.Development of de novo Crohn's disease was analyzed.Of 105 patients, 23 (22%) developed de novo Crohn's disease. Having C-reactive protein in the third tertile significantly increased the risk of developing de novo Crohn's disease (HR 3.44, 95% CI 1.10- 10.70, p = 0.03) compared to in the first tertile. In a multivariable model, a C-reactive protein in the third or second tertile vs the first tertile and younger age was associated with the development of de novo Crohn's disease.Limited to only hospitalized patients with severe ulcerative colitis.In hospitalized patients undergoing ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for medically refractory ulcerative colitis, higher preoperative C-reactive protein levels appear to increase the risk of developing de novo Crohn's disease. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B750.LA MAGNITUD DE LA ELEVACIÓN PREOPERATORIA DE LA PROTEÍNA C REACTIVA SE ASOCIA CON APARICIÓN DE UNA ENFERMEDAD DE CROHN DE NOVO DESPUÉS DE UNA ANASTOMOSIS DE BOLSA ILEAL AL ANO EN PACIENTES CON COLITIS SEVERAANTECEDENTES:La proctocolectomía total con anastomosis bolsa ileal-anal se ha convertido en el procedimiento estándar para los pacientes con colitis ulcerativa refractaria al tratamiento médico, aunque un subgrupo desarrollará una enfermedad de Crohn de novo.OBJETIVO:En este estudio investigamos la asociación de los niveles de proteína C reactiva preoperatoria con el desarrollo de la enfermedad de Crohn de novo, después de la anastomosis bolsa ileal-anal.DISEÑO:Se revisó una base de datos recolectada en forma prospectiva, de pacientes sometidos a anastomosis bolsa ileal-anal.PACIENTES:Se compararon los niveles de proteína C reactiva preoperatoria entre los pacientes que desarrollaron la enfermedad de Crohn de novo y los que no la desarrollaron. La enfermedad de Crohn de novo se definió como una inflamación del intestino delgado proximal a la bolsa ileal o una enfermedad perianal identificada más de 3 meses después del cierre de la ileostomía. Para minimizar la heterogeneidad del momento de la medición de la proteína C reactiva preoperatoria y la gravedad de la colitis ulcerativa, solo se incluyeron en el estudio los pacientes hospitalizados que se sometieron a una proctocolectomía por colitis ulcerativa grave.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:se analizó el desarrollo de la enfermedad de Crohn de novo.RESULTADOS:De 105 pacientes, 23 (22%) desarrollaron enfermedad de Crohn de novo. Tener una proteína C reactiva en el tercer tercil aumentó significativamente el riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad de Crohn de novo (HR 3,44, IC del 95%: 1,10-10,70, p = 0,03) en comparación con el primer tercil. En un modelo multivariable, una proteína C reactiva en el tercer o segundo tercil frente al primer tercil y una edad más joven se asoció con el desarrollo de la enfermedad de Crohn de novo.LIMITACIONES:Limitado solo a pacientes hospitalizados con colitis ulcerativa grave.CONCLUSIONES:En pacientes hospitalizados sometidos a anastomosis bolsa ileal-anal por colitis ulcerativa refractaria al tratamiento médico, niveles más elevados de proteína C reactiva preoperatoria parecen aumentar el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad de Crohn de novo. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B750. (Traducción-Eduardo Londoño-Schimmer).

Background: Race and ethnicity can have a major impact on the quality of care patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) receive. We sought to assess the impact of race and ethnicity on quality benchmarks of AIS therapy and clinical outcomes at a comprehensive stroke center (CSC). Methods: A retrospective analysis of AIS patients presenting to a CSC between 2015 to 2020 was performed. Data included demographics, NIH Stroke Scale scores, time to thrombolysis, discharge diabetic and hypertensive medications, length of stay (LOS), discharge functional status, 30-day readmission, and 30-day mortality. Quality benchmarks and outcomes were analyzed by the five most prevalent racial-ethnic groups including Non-Hispanic White (NHW), Hispanic, Black, Asian, Other and Unknown. Results: 3,735 AIS patients were identified. NHW represented 53.3% (n=1992),Black 21.3% (n=797), Hispanic 10.4% (n=390), Asian 7.2% (n=267), Other 4.6% (n=170) and Unknown 3.2% (n=119). There were no significant differences in door to needle (P=0.93), door to puncture time (P=0.98), intravenous thrombolysis (P=0.32) and mechanical thrombectomy utilization (P=0.19) by race-ethnicity. In univariable analysis, there was a higher rate of 30-day mortality in Unknown 23.5% vs NHW 7.3% (P< 0.0001). A significantly (P>0.05) higher rate of 30-day readmission was noted in NHW 20.3% vs Black 15.7%, Hispanics 15.6%, Others 11.8% and Unknown 8.4%. Black 67.6%, Hispanic 64.9% and Unknown 80.5% had a significantly (P2) vs NHW 60.3%. A significant difference (P Conclusions: Our analysis reveals persistent disparities in stroke outcomes, with Black and Hispanic patients suffering greater disability post stroke. Further investigation is needed to uncover how race-ethnicity mediates stroke care and outcomes.

Background: Language barriers can have a major impact on the quality of care that patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) receive. We sought to assess the impact of patient language on quality benchmarks of AIS therapy and clinical outcomes at a high-volume comprehensive stroke center (CSC). Methods: A retrospective analysis of AIS patients presenting to a CSC between 2015 to 2020 was performed. Data included demographics, NIH Stroke Scale scores (NIHSS), discharge diabetic and hypertensive medications, length of stay (LOS), discharge functional status, 30-day readmission, and 30-day mortality. Quality benchmarks and outcomes were analyzed by the five most prevalent primary languages including English, Spanish, Russian, Farsi, Korean and Other. All non-English speaking patients received medical interpretation via digital or in-person translation. Results: 3,812 AIS patients were identified. English language represented 80.2% (n=3091), Spanish 7.6% (n=238), Russian 4.1% (n=184), Farsi 3.0% (n=129), Korean 1.5% (n=47) and Other 3.6% (n=122).There were no significant differences in the rate of intravenous thrombolysis (P=0.52), door-to-needle time (P=0.91), door-to-puncture time (P=0.85), LOS (P=0.089) and 30 day readmission (P=0.74) among groups. In univariable analysis, Spanish 74.7%, Korean 84.4%, Russian 73.4%, Farsi 78.2% and Other 70.0% had significantly (P< 0.05) higher rates of post stroke disability (mRS> 2) compared to the English group 60.7%. A higher rate of 30-day mortality was noted in the Korean 17.8% compared to the English group 7.3%. The Spanish group had a higher rate of mechanical thrombectomy than the English group (11.8 vs 6.5%, P=0.009). Adjusting for age, sex, NIHSS and comorbidities, multivariable logistic regression models for post stroke disability (mRS>2) continued to show significant differences with Spanish (OR=1.66, P=0.008) and Farsi (OR=1.89, P=0.017) vs English. Conclusions: Our analysis reveals persistent disparities in AIS outcomes by primary language, with patients with limited English proficiency suffering worse disability after AIS. The effect of communication barriers on outcomes of stroke care in the inpatient setting requires further evaluation to close this gap.

Heart transplantation (HTx) is an established therapeutic option for patients with advanced heart failure who are refractory to conventional guideline-directed treatments. This study aimed to reassess whether intravascular ultrasound variables could predict adverse events after HTx in the modern era.One hundred primary HTx recipients with available serial intravascular ultrasound examination results of the left anterior descending artery 4-8 wk and 1 y after HTx were enrolled, with an average follow-up duration of 5.7 y. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death, nonfatal major adverse cardiac events, and angiographic cardiac allograft vasculopathy.Forty-three patients developed primary endpoints. The baseline maximal intimal thickness was independently associated with the primary endpoint (hazard ratio, 8.24; 95% confidential interval [CI], 3.21-21.21; P 0.001), and the optimal cutoff value was 0.64 mm. A change in the plaque atheroma volume in a proximal 20-mm segment from the left anterior descending artery bifurcation1.05 mm 3 /mm (hazard ratio, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.28-5.89; P = 0.009) and a change in the first-year maximal intimal thickness0.27 mm (hazard ratio, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.05-6.56; P = 0.04) were independent predictors of the primary endpoint 1 y after intravascular ultrasonography.The aforementioned important clinical implications of intravascular ultrasound parameters are useful predictors of outcomes, which may be considered endpoints in modern clinical HTx trials.

The role of angiotensin II type 1 receptor antibodies (AT1R-Ab) in pediatric renal transplantation is unclear. Here, we evaluated pre-transplant AT1R-Ab on transplant outcomes in the first 5 years. Secondary analysis compared pre-transplant AT1R-Ab levels by age.Thirty-six patients, 2-20 years old, were divided into two groups: pre-transplant AT1R-Ab- (17 U/ml; n = 18) and pre-transplant AT1R-Ab+ (≥17 U/ml; n = 18). eGFR was determined at 6-month, 1-, 2-, and 4-year post-transplant. Allograft biopsies were performed in the setting of strong HLA-DSA (MFI 10 000), AT1R-Ab ≥17 U/ml, and/or elevated creatinine.Mean age in pre-transplant AT1R-Ab- was 13.3 years vs. 11.0 in pre-transplant AT1R-Ab+ (p = 0.16). At 6 months, mean eGFR was 111.3 ml/min/1.73 mIn our small cohort, pre-transplant AT1R-Ab ≥17 U/ml was not associated with reduced graft function or rejection. The pathogenicity of pre-transplant AT1R-Ab in pediatric kidney transplantation requires further investigation.

AIM Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) have revolutionized the management of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC) since their approval for UC in 2005. However, many patients ultimately require surgery with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). Development of de novo Crohn's disease (CD) following IPAA is an increasingly common and devastating complication, sometimes progressing to pouch failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of preoperative TNFi exposure and the development of de novo CD after IPAA. METHOD A prospective single-centre inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) registry was searched for consecutive patients with UC undergoing IPAA during a 25-year period ending July 2018. Patients with preoperative CD or IBD-unclassified were excluded. De novo CD was diagnosed upon endoscopic evidence of five or more mucosal ulcers proximal to the ileal pouch any time after surgery and/or pouch fistula occurring more than three months after ileostomy closure. RESULTS The study cohort consisted of 400 patients with a median follow-up of 44.0 (IQR 11-113) months. Sixty-two (16%) patients developed de novo CD 28.0 (IQR 6-67) months following ileostomy closure. Survival analysis of TNFi era patients revealed a significant increase in de novo CD risk in those with preoperative TNFi exposure. Multivariable proportional hazards modelling revealed two independent predictors for de novo CD development: older age was protective (HR 0.89 per 5-year increase; P = 0.009) and preoperative TNFi exposure was hazardous (HR 2.10; P = 0.011). CONCLUSION This prospective study is the first to suggest an association between preoperative TNFi exposure and the development of de novo CD.

Background Severity of illness in COVID-19 is consistently lower in women. A focus on sex as a biological factor may suggest a potential therapeutic intervention for this disease. We assessed whether adding progesterone to standard of care (SOC) would improve clinical outcomes of hospitalized men with moderate to severe COVID-19. Research Question Does short-term subcutaneous administration of progesterone safely improve clinical outcome in hypoxemic men hospitalized with COVID-19? Study Design and Methods We conducted a pilot, randomized, open-label, controlled trial of subcutaneous progesterone in men hospitalized with confirmed moderate to severe COVID-19. Patients were randomly assigned to receive SOC plus progesterone (100 mg subcutaneously twice daily for up to 5 days) or SOC alone. In addition to assessment of safety, the primary outcome was change in clinical status on day 7. Length of hospital stay and number of days on supplemental oxygen were key secondary outcomes. Results Forty-two patients were enrolled from April 2020 to August 2020; 22 were randomized to the control group and 20 to the progesterone group. Two patients from the progesterone group withdrew from the study before receiving progesterone. There was a 1.5-point overall improvement in median clinical status score on a seven-point ordinal scale from baseline to day 7 in patients in the progesterone group as compared with control subjects (95% CI, 0.0-2.0; P = .024). There were no serious adverse events attributable to progesterone. Patients treated with progesterone required three fewer days of supplemental oxygen (median, 4.5 vs 7.5 days) and were hospitalized for 2.5 fewer days (median, 7.0 vs 9.5 days) as compared with control subjects. Interpretation Progesterone at a dose of 100 mg, twice daily by subcutaneous injection in addition to SOC, may represent a safe and effective approach for treatment in hypoxemic men with moderate to severe COVID-19. Trial Registry ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT04365127; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov .

Objective: To describe the impact of COVID-19 on acute cerebrovascular disease care across 9 comprehensive stroke centers throughout Los Angeles County (LAC). Methods: Volume of emergency stroke code activations, patient characteristics, stroke severity, reperfusion rates, treatment times, and outcomes from February 1 to April 30, 2020, were compared against the same time period in 2019. Demographic data were provided by each participating institution. Results: There was a 17.3% decrease in stroke code activations across LAC in 2020 compared to 2019 (1,786 vs. 2,159, respectively, χ2 goodness of fit test p < 0.0001) across 9 participating comprehensive stroke centers. Patients who did not receive any reperfusion therapy decreased by 16.6% in 2020 (1,527) compared to 2019 (1,832). Patients who received only intravenous thrombolytic (IVT) therapy decreased by 31.8% (107 vs. 157). Patients who received only mechanical thrombectomy (MT) increased by 3% (102 vs. 99). Patients who received both IVT and MT decreased by 31.8% (45 vs. 66). Recanalization treatment times in 2020 were comparable to 2019. CSCs serving a higher proportion of Latinx populations in the eastern parts of LAC experienced a higher incidence of MT in 2020 compared to 2019. Mild increase in stroke severity was seen in 2020 compared to 2019 (8.95 vs. 8.23, p = 0.046). A higher percentage of patients were discharged home in 2020 compared to 2019 (59.5 vs. 56.1%, p = 0.034), a lower percentage of patients were discharged to skilled nursing facility (16.1 vs. 20.7%, p = 0.0004), and a higher percentage of patients expired (8.6 vs. 6.3%, p = 0.008). Conclusion: LAC saw a decrease in overall stroke code activations in 2020 compared to 2019. Reperfusion treatment times remained comparable to prepandemic metrics. There has been an increase in severe stroke incidence and higher volume of thrombectomy treatments in Latinx communities within LAC during the pandemic of 2020. More patients were discharged home, less patients discharged to skilled nursing facilities, and more patients expired in 2020, compared to the same time frame in 2019.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to characterize and compare changes in gene expression patterns of paired axillary lymph node (ALN) metastases from estrogen receptor (ER) positive and triple negative (TNBC) primary breast cancer (PBC). METHODS: Patients with stage 2-3 PBC with macrometastasis to an ALN were selected. Gene expression of 2,567 cancer-associated genes was analyzed with the HTG EdgeSeq system coupled with the Illumina Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) platform. Changes in gene expression between ER/PR positive, HER2 negative PBC and their paired ALN metastases were compared with TNBC and their paired ALN metastases. RESULTS: Fourteen pairs of ER positive and paired ALN metastasis were analyzed. Compared with the PBC, ALN metastasis had 673 significant differentially expressed genes, including 348 upregulated genes and 325 downregulated genes. Seventeen pairs of TNBC and paired ALN metastasis were analyzed. ALN metastasis had 257 significant differentially expressed genes, including 123 upregulated genes and 134 downregulated genes. When gene expression of the ALN for ER positive PBC was compared to that of TNBC, 97 genes were upregulated in both, and 115 genes were similarly downregulated. Common upregulated genes were associated with cell death, necrosis, and homeostasis. Common downregulated genes were those of migration, degradation of extracellular matrix, and invasion. CONCLUSION: Although ER positive PBC and TNBC have a distinct gene expression profiles and distinct changes from PBC to ALN metastases, a significant number of genes are similarly up- or downregulated. Understanding the role of these common genomic changes may provide clues to understanding the metastatic process itself.

Background: Depression is a common complication of pregnancy and vitamin D deficiency is one biological risk factor for postpartum depression (PPD). Materials and Methods: We evaluated the ratio of 24,25(OH)(2)D and 25(OH)D serum concentrations referred to as the Vitamin D Metabolite Ratio (VMR), a new candidate biomarker during pregnancyand its relationship with PPD. Women were enrolled in the first trimester of pregnancy and followed through four timepoints. Results: A total of 89 women had complete depression, biomarker and demographic data and 34% were at risk for PPD (CES-D≥16). Stepwise multiple logistic regression models for PPD risk were carried out with eight predictors. Results showed that only lower VMR, OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.10–1.86, p = 0.007, and Hispanic/Latina identification, OR = 3.83, 95% CI 1.44–10.92, p = 0.007 were significantly associated with higher PPD risk. Conclusion: Routine prenatal screening for vitamin D metabolites, particularly in Hispanic/Latina women, may identify women at risk for PPD.

Background: Limited data exists regarding sex differences in outcome and predictive accuracy of intensive care unit-based scoring systems when applied to cardiac intensive care unit patients. Methods: We reviewed medical records of patients admitted to cardiac intensive care unit from 1 January 2011–31 December 2016. Sex differences in mortality rates and the performance of intensive care unit-based scoring systems in predicting in-hospital mortality were analyzed. Calibration was assessed by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and locally weighted scatterplot smoothing curves. Discrimination was assessed using the c statistic and receiver-operating characteristic curve. Results: Among 6963 patients, 2713 (39%) were women. Overall in-hospital and cardiac intensive care unit mortality rates were similar in women and men (9.1% vs 9.4%, p=0.67 and 5.9% vs 6%, p=0.88, respectively) and in age and major diagnosis subgroups. Of the scoring systems, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment had poor calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow p value 0.8). In the subgroups of acute myocardial infarction and heart failure patients, all scores had good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow p>0.001) and discrimination (C statistic >0.8) while in diagnosis subgroups with highest mortality, the calibration varied among scores and by sex, and discrimination was poor. Conclusions: No sex differences in mortality were seen in cardiac intensive care unit patients. The mortality predictive value of intensive care unit-based scores is limited in both sexes and variable among different subgroups of diagnoses.

Noninvasive telemonitoring and nurse telephone coaching (NTM-NTC) is a promising post-discharge strategy in heart failure (HF). Comorbid conditions and disease burden influence health outcomes in HF, but how comorbidity burden modulates the effectiveness of NTM-NTC is unknown. This study aims to identify HF patients who may benefit from post-discharge NTM-NTC based on their burden of comorbidity.In the Better Effectiveness After Transition - Heart Failure trial, patients hospitalized for acute decompensated HF were randomized to post-discharge NTM-NTC or usual care. In this secondary analysis of 1,313 patients with complete data, comorbidity burden was assessed by scoring complication/coexisting diagnoses from index admissions. Clinical outcomes included 30-day and 180-day readmissions, mortality, days alive, and combined days alive and out of the hospital.Patients had a mean of 5.7 comorbidities and were stratified into low (0-2), moderate (3-8), and high comorbidity (9+) subgroups. Increased comorbidity burden was associated with worse outcomes. NTM-NTC was not associated with readmission rates in any comorbidity subgroup. Among high comorbidity patients, NTM-NTC was associated with significantly lower mortality at 30 days (hazard ratio (HR): 0.25; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.07-0.90) and 180 days (HR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.27-0.98), as well as more days alive (160.1 vs 140.3, p=0.029) and days alive out of the hospital (152.0 vs 133.2; p=0.044) compared to usual care.Post-discharge NTM-NTC improved survival among HF patients with high comorbidity burden. Comorbidity burden may be useful for identifying patients likely to benefit from this management strategy.

Aims To gather the best available evidence regarding Ki-67% values in large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and determine whether certain cut-off values could serve as a prognostic feature in LCNEC. Methods and results Aperio ScanScope AT Turbo, eSlide Manager and ImageScope software (Leica Biosystems) were used to measure Ki-67% in 77 resected LCNEC diagnosed by World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria. Cases were stratified into six classes by 10% Ki-67 increments. Using the Kaplan-Meier method, overall (OS) and disease-free survivals (DFS) were compared by AJCC stage, by six Ki-67% classes and with Ki-67% cut-points ≥20% and ≥40%. Tumours were from 0.9 to 11.5 cm and pathological stages 1-3. The system measured Ki-67% positivity using 4072-44 533 tumour nuclei per case (mean 16610 ± 8039). Ki-67% ranged from 1 to 64% (mean = 26%; median = 26%). Only 16 (21%) tumours had Ki-67% ≥40%. OS ranged from 1 to 298 months (median follow-up = 25 months). DFS ranged from 1 to 276 months (median follow-up = 9 months). OS and DFS differed across AJCC stage (overall log-rank P = 0.038 and P = 0.037). However, neither OS nor DFS significantly correlated with Ki-67% when six or two classes were used with either ≥20% Ki-67 or ≥40% Ki-67 as cut-point. A literature review identified 14 reports meeting our inclusion criteria with ≥10 LCNEC. Reported Ki-67% ranged from 2% to 100%. Problems contributing to variability in Ki-67% measurements are discussed. Conclusion Our findings caution against a blanket use of 20%, 40% or other Ki-67% cut-points for LCNEC diagnosis or prognostication.

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common pregnancy complication. The association between cesarean delivery (CD) and PPD has shown conflicting results in prior studies, although emergent CD appears to be a clear risk factor. Establishing PPD risk is critical and may, however, be related to the unplanned nature of the CD, rather than the surgery itself. Our objective was to determine whether women who underwent unplanned CD were more likely than those with vaginal delivery to have higher depressive symptoms and thus screen positive for PPD risk in the immediate postpartum period.This cohort study was conducted at a community medical center using data for deliveries between 8/2015-1/2016. Women were screened in the hospital for depressive symptoms (PPD risk) using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) within 4 days post-delivery. Logistic regression, adjusting for maternal race/ethnicity and parity, was performed to evaluate the association between delivery route (vaginal vs planned vs unplanned CD) and PPD risk (EPDS ≥ 10).A total of 2094 women had complete data for analysis. Overall, 44 women (2.1%) screened positive for PPD risk. Logistic regression results showed that unplanned CD was significantly associated with PPD risk (OR = 2.28, 95% CI 1.13-4.57,Unplanned CD may be an independent risk factor for PPD risk in the immediate postpartum period. This finding might explain why some previous studies have demonstrated different results with regards to risk of CD where the unplanned nature of the delivery was not accounted for.

Objective Few studies examine the impact of surgical trainee involvement on tumor-free margins in breast conserving surgery (BCS). Our objective was to investigate the impact of resident and fellow involvement on positive margins rates following BCS for invasive breast cancer (BC). Design We identified female patients who had BCS for BC between January 2005 to December 2015. Setting Tertiary care hospital. Participants Around 1089 patients were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Results Of 1089 patients, mean age was 63 (range 43-99) years. Around 768 patients (70.1%) required preoperative localization, and 328 patients (29.9%) had a palpable cancer. Nonpalpable cancers had a smaller volume of specimen tissue excised (p = 0.0005) compared to palpable cancers, and no significant difference was observed in the positive margin rate between the nonpalpable group compared to the palpable group (24.7% nonpalpable vs. 25.3% palpable, p = 0.88). Nonpalpable cancer positive margin rates were 23.9% (n = 102/427) for cases performed by an attending surgeon, 25.0% (n = 15/60) with a junior resident (PGY 2-3), 28.6% (n = 8/28) with a senior resident (PGY 4-5), and 25.7% (n = 65/253) with a fellow, which were not statistically significant (p = 0.89). Palpable cancer positive margin rates were 27.6% (n = 47/170) for cases performed by an attending, 13.9% (n = 5/36) with an intern (PGY-1), 40.9% (n = 9/22) with a junior resident, 0% (n = 0/8) with a senior resident, and 23.9% (n = 22/92) with a fellow, which were also not significantly different (p = 0.07). Conclusion Resident and fellow participation in BCS for BC does not appear to impact the rate of positive margins.

Inadequate pain control frequently extends length of stay (LOS) and costs for patients undergoing mastectomy with implant-based reconstruction (IBR). We sought to examine the effects of Paravertebral blocks (PVB) and liposomal bupivacaine (LB) and compare LOS, pain scores and costs of hospitalization.Prospective database review of patients undergoing mastectomy with IBR was performed.541 patients were identified. 51/491 (9.4%) received PVB and 50 (9.2%) received LB. LOS in the PVB group was significantly less than that of the no block (NB) group (1 [1-2] days PVB vs 3 [2-4] days NB (p 0.0001), but was not different from the LB group (1 [1-2] days LB, p = 0.23). PVB patients had lower PACU pain scores compared to NB patients (3.2 ± 2.9 PVB vs 5.7 ± 2.6 NB, p 0.0001), but similar PACU pain scores to LB patients (4.1 ± 2.3). Patients who received PVB had higher total costs compared to NB patients ($27148±$7053 PVB vs $23113 ± 6860 NB, p = 0.003) but similar to LB patients ($26183 ± $3761).PVB and LB are associated with shorter LOS and lower pain scores compared to NB.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the service delivery model (SDM) of clinical genetic counseling across the United States and Canada. A cross-sectional survey was distributed to 4,956 genetic counselors (GCs) from the American Board of Genetic Counselors and Canadian Association of Genetic Counselors mailing lists in August 2020 to assess the change in utilization of telehealth for clinical genetic counseling during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with prior to the pandemic. Data from 411 eligible clinical genetic counselors on GC attitudes and their experiences prior to and during the pandemic were collected and analyzed to explore the change in SDM, change in appointment characteristics, change in billing practices, GC perceived benefits and limitations of telehealth, and prediction of future trends in SDM in the post-pandemic era. The study showed the overall utilization of audiovisual and telephone encounters increased by 43.4% and 26.2%, respectively. The majority of respondents who provided audiovisual and telephone encounters reported increased patient volume compared with prior to the pandemic, with an average increase of 79.4% and 42.8%, respectively. There was an increase of 69.4% of GCs rendering genetic services from home offices. The percentage of participants who billed for telehealth services increased from 45.7% before the pandemic to 80.3% during the pandemic. The top GC perceived benefits of telehealth included safety for high-risk COVID patients (95.2%) and saved commute time for patients (94.7%). The top GC perceived limitations of telehealth included difficulty to conduct physician evaluation/coordinating with healthcare providers (HCP) (73.7%) and difficulty addressing non-English speaking patients (68.5%). Overall, 89.6% of GCs were satisfied with telehealth; however, 55.3% reported uncertainty whether the newly adopted SDM would continue after the pandemic subsides. Results from this study demonstrate the rapid adoption of telehealth for clinical genetic counseling services as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in billing for these services, and support the feasibility of telehealth for genetic counseling as a longer term solution to reach patients who are geographically distant.

Objectives: We sought to examine alcohol use disorder (AUD) among general hospital medical inpatients with respect to identification, service utilization, and initiation of medication-assisted treatment. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review for all adult inpatients over one full calendar year. Subjects were separated into two categories: patients with chart documentation of an AUD diagnosis and those without such documentation. We extracted from the electronic health record and analyzed information on demographics, service utilization, and treatment initiation of medication-assisted treatment for AUD such as naltrexone, disulfiram, or acamprosate. Results: The study revealed three main findings: 1) Less than one percent of patients discharged from the hospital in one full calendar year had an identified AUD diagnosis. 2) Patients with an AUD diagnosis had a significantly higher number of emergency department (ED) visits and longer hospital length of stay (LOS) but did not have significantly higher 30-day hospital readmissions, compared to patients with no AUD diagnosis. 3) Among patients diagnosed with AUD, only 1.8% received FDA-approved medication-assisted treatment for AUD. Conclusions: The AUD identification rate we detected was markedly lower than prevalence rates reported in the literature. Patients who were identified with AUD had higher counts of ED visits and longer LOS. Initiation rates of medication-assisted treatment for AUD were low. The study findings suggest that concerted efforts are needed to improve detection and diagnosis of AUD in order to support the delivery of effective AUD treatment including the initiation of evidence-based pharmacotherapy for AUD in the general hospital setting.

Background Transversus abdominis plane blocks are increasingly used to achieve opioid-sparing analgesia after colorectal surgery. Traditionally, bupivacaine was the long-acting analgesic of choice, but the addition of dexamethasone and/or epinephrine to bupivacaine may extend block duration. Liposomal bupivacaine has also been suggested to achieve an extended analgesia duration of 72 hours but is significantly more expensive. Objective The purpose of this study was to compare pain control between laparoscopic transversus abdominis plane blocks using liposomal bupivacaine versus bupivacaine with epinephrine and dexamethasone. Design This was a parallel-group, single-institution, randomized clinical trial. Settings The study was conducted at a single tertiary medical center. Patients Consecutive patients between October 2018 to October 2019, ages 18 to 90 years, undergoing minimally invasive colorectal surgery with multimodal analgesia were included. Interventions Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive a laparoscopic transversus abdominis plane block with liposomal bupivacaine or bupivacaine with epinephrine and dexamethasone. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was total oral morphine equivalents administered in the first 48 hours postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included pain scores, time to ambulation and solid diet, hospital length of stay, and complications. Results A total of 102 patients (50 men) with a median age of 42 years (interquartile range, 29-60 y) consented and were randomly assigned. The primary end point, total oral morphine equivalents administered in the first 48 hours, was not significantly different between the liposomal bupivacaine group (median = 69 mg) and the bupivacaine with epinephrine and dexamethasone group (median = 47 mg; difference in medians = 22 mg, (95% CI, -17 to 49 mg); p = 0.60). There were no significant differences in pain scores, time to ambulation, time to diet tolerance, time to bowel movement, length of stay, overall complications, or readmission rate between groups. There were no treatment-related adverse outcomes. Limitations This study was not placebo controlled or blinded. Conclusions This first randomized trial comparing laparoscopic transversus abdominis plane block with liposomal bupivacaine or bupivacaine with epinephrine and dexamethasone showed that a liposomal bupivacaine block does not provide superior or extended analgesia in the era of standardized multimodal analgesia protocols.See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B533. Estudio prospectivo y randomizado de bloqueo del plano muscular transverso del abdomen realizado por el cirujano con bupivacana versus bupivacana liposomal estudio tingle ANTECEDENTES:El bloqueo anestesico del plano muscular transverso del abdomen se utiliza cada vez mas para lograr una analgesia con menos consumo de opioides despues de cirugia colorrectal. Tradicionalmente, la Bupivacaina era el analgesico de accion prolongada de eleccion, pero al agregarse Dexametasona y/o Adrenalina a la Bupivacaina se puede prolongar la duracion del bloqueo. Tambien se ha propuesto que la Bupivacaina liposomal logra una duracion prolongada de la analgesia de 72 horas, pero es significativamente mas cara.OBJETIVO:Comparar el control del dolor entre bloqueo laparoscopico del plano de los transversos del abdomen usando Bupivacaina liposomal versus Bupivacaina con Adrenalina y Dexametasona.DISENO:Estudio clinico prospectivo y randomizado de una sola institucion en grupos paralelos.AJUSTE:Centro medico terciario unico.PACIENTES:Todos aquellos pacientes entre 18 y 90 anos sometidos a cirugia colorrectal minimamente invasiva con analgesia multimodal, entre octubre de 2018 a octubre de 2019 incluidos de manera consecutiva.INTERVENCIONES:Los pacientes fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente 1:1 para recibir un bloqueo laparoscopico del plano de los transversos del abdomen con Bupivacaina liposomal o Bupivacaina con Adrenalina y Dexametasona.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:El resultado primario fue el total de equivalentes de morfina oral administradas en las primeras 48 horas despues de la operacion. Los resultados secundarios incluyeron puntuaciones de dolor, inicio de dieta solida, tiempo de inicio a la deambulacion, la estadia hospitalaria y las complicaciones.RESULTADOS:Un total de 102 pacientes (50 hombres) con una mediana de edad de 42 anos (IQR 29-60) fueron incluidos aleatoriamente. El criterio de valoracion principal, equivalentes de morfina oral total administrada en las primeras 48 horas, no fue significativamente diferente entre el grupo de Bupivacaina liposomal (mediana = 69 mg) y el grupo de Bupivacaina con Adrenalina y Dexametasona (mediana = 47 mg; diferencia en medianas = 22 mg, IC del 95% [-17] - 49 mg, p = 0,60). No hubo diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones de dolor, tiempo de inicio a la deambulacion, el tiempo de tolerancia a la dieta solida, el tiempo hasta el primer evacuado intestinal, la duracion de la estadia hospitalaria, las complicaciones generales o la tasa de readmision entre los grupos. No hubo resultados adversos relacionados con el tratamiento.LIMITACIONES:Este estudio no fue controlado con placebo ni de manera cegada.CONCLUSIONES:Este primer estudio prospectivo y randomizado que comparo el bloqueo del plano de los musculos transversos del abdomen por via laparoscopica, utilizando Bupivacaina liposomal o Bupivacaina con Adrenalina y Dexametasona, demostro que el bloqueo de Bupivacaina liposomal no proporciona ni mejor analgesia ni un efecto mas prolongado.Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B533.

BACKGROUND Resection of liver metastasis in small bowel neuroendocrine tumors (SBNET) may improve survival, however, factors influencing prognosis are unclear. We evaluated how the extent of resection influences outcomes. METHODS Patients with SBNET with liver metastasis from 1990 to 2013 who underwent resection of the primary tumor were identified. Outcomes among patients undergoing complete resection (CR), partial resection (PR), or no resection (NR) of liver metastases with resection of the primary tumor only were compared. RESULTS One hundred eleven patients met the criteria. The median number of liver lesions was seven and median lesions resected was one. Fifty (45%) patients had NR, 41 (36.9%) underwent CR, and 20 (18.1%) underwent PR. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 79.4% for NR, 84.7% for PR, and 100% for CR, demonstrating a trend that CR was best, followed by PR then NR (P = .02). 10-year OS showed no significant differences (72.7% NR; 84.7% PR; 82.5% CR; P = .10). Greater than 10 liver lesions (hazard ratio [HR] 3.6; P = 0.04) or receiving chemotherapy (HR 3.7; P = .03) were negative predictors of survival. CONCLUSION The extent of resection of liver disease in SBNET influenced survival at 5 years but not at 10 years. In addition, more than 10 liver lesions and chemotherapy were predictors of mortality.

Donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) became Medicare reimbursable in the United States in October 2017 for the detection of rejection in kidney transplant recipients based on results from its pivotal validation trial, but it has not yet been externally validated. We assessed 63 adult kidney transplant recipients with suspicion of rejection with dd-cfDNA and allograft biopsy. Of these, 27 (43%) patients had donor-specific antibodies and 34 (54%) were found to have rejection by biopsy. The percentage of dd-cfDNA was higher among patients with antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR; median 1.35%; interquartile range [IQR]: 1.10%-1.90%) compared to those with no rejection (median 0.38%, IQR: 0.26%-1.10%; P < .001) and cell-mediated rejection (CMR; median: 0.27%, IQR: 0.19%-1.30%; P = .01). The dd-cfDNA test did not discriminate patients with CMR from those without rejection. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for CMR was 0.42 (95% CI: 0.17-0.66). For ABMR, the AUC was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71-0.93) and a dd-cfDNA ≥0.74% yielded a sensitivity of 100%, specificity 71.8%, PPV 68.6%, and NPV 100%. The dd-cfDNA test did not discriminate CMR from no rejection among kidney transplant recipients, although performance characteristics were stronger for the discrimination of ABMR.

Transversus abdominis plane block may improve analgesia after colorectal surgery; however, techniques remain unstandardized and results are conflicting.The purpose of this study was to compare laparoscopic and ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block with no block in minimally invasive colorectal surgery.This was a randomized controlled trial.The study was conducted at an urban teaching hospital.Patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery were included.The intervention included 2:2:1 randomization to laparoscopic, ultrasound-guided, or no transversus abdominis plane block.Morphine use in the first 24 hours after surgery was measured.The study cohort included 107 patients randomly assigned to laparoscopic (n = 41), ultrasound-guided (n = 45), or no transversus abdominis plane block (n = 21). Mean age was 50.4 years (SD ± 18 y), and 50 patients (47%) were men. Laparoscopic transversus abdominis plane block was superior to ultrasound-guided (p = 0.007) and no transversus abdominis plane block (p = 0.007), with median (interquartile range) total morphine used in the first 24 hours postoperatively of 17.6 mg (6.6-33.9 mg), 34.0 mg (16.4-44.4 mg), and 31.6 mg (18.4-44.4 mg). At 48 hours, laparoscopic transversus abdominis plane block remained superior to ultrasound-guided (p = 0.03) and no transversus abdominis plane block (p = 0.007) with median (interquartile range) total morphine used at 48 hours postoperatively of 26.8 mg (15.5-45.8 mg), 44.0 mg (27.6-70.0 mg), and 60.8 mg (34.8-78.8 mg). Mean hospital stay was 5.1 ± 3.1 days without any intergroup differences. Overall complications were similar between groups.Treatment teams were not blinded and there was operator dependence of techniques and variable timing of the blocks.Laparoscopic transversus abdominis plane block is superior to ultrasound-guided and no transversus abdominis plane block in achieving pain control and minimizing opioid use in the first 24 hours after colorectal surgery. A large, multicenter, randomized trial is needed to confirm our findings. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A822.

Liver biopsies are commonly performed in heart transplant candidates to confirm congestive hepatopathy (CH) and to assess the degree of fibrosis. Heterogeneity of fibrosis is frequent in CH, making it difficult to stage fibrosis. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of heterogeneity of fibrosis and nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) in liver biopsies with CH secondary to heart failure. Fifty liver biopsies with CH secondary to heart failure were reviewed. The fibrosis was scored on trichrome stain as follows: stage 0 for no fibrosis, stage 1 for zone 3 fibrosis, stage 2 for zone 3 and portal fibrosis, stage 3 for bridging fibrosis, and stage 4 for cirrhosis. Both stage 3 and stage 4 fibrosis were classified as advanced fibrosis. A predominant pattern of fibrosis and a secondary pattern of fibrosis, defined as a different stage of fibrosis seen in at least 10% of the biopsy material, if present, were recorded. A biopsy was considered to show heterogenous fibrosis if there was at least a 2 stage difference between the predominant and secondary patterns. Thirteen biopsies (26%) showed heterogenous fibrosis. Sixteen biopsies (32%) showed some evidence of advanced fibrosis: 5 had uniform advanced fibrosis, 4 had predominant pattern of advanced fibrosis, and advanced fibrosis was focal in 7 biopsies from 6 patients. NRH-type changes were seen in 9 of 50 biopsies (18%). In conclusion, our study showed heterogenous fibrosis in the liver biopsy of a quarter of patients with CH due to heart failure, highlighting the limitations of fibrosis assessment in the biopsies, and suggests that correlation with the complete clinical information is essential for management decisions.

Background A growing body of evidence has demonstrated racial disparities in bariatric surgery (BS) outcomes. We aimed to investigate the impact of race on postoperative percent excess weight loss (%EWL) and patient satisfaction. Methods Single center retrospective study of patients who underwent BS January 2012 to November 2017. Statistical analysis utilized Chi-squared, ANOVA and multivariable regression. Results A total of 378 patients were included. African American patients lost significantly less weight compared to Caucasian and Hispanic patients (39.0 %EWL, 53.4 %EWL and 52.3 %EWL, respectively). A significant difference remained after adjustment for possible confounders. No difference in postoperative satisfaction was found. Conclusions Our study adds to the existing literature demonstrating racial disparities in BS postoperative EWL, despite adjusting for possible confounders, while contributing to the limited literature examining Hispanic patients. Furthermore, we examined an understudied outcome in postoperative patient satisfaction and found no racial disparity despite disparity in EWL.

Our aim was to investigate the newest generation anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody 3.1 assay in diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with other autoimmune and non-autoimmune diseases. We performed a retrospective observational chart review of patients with a positive CCP level over a one-year period at a single academic institution and assessed the associated diagnoses after at least six-months of follow-up. Of the 281 CCP positive patients during that period, 48% had a diagnosis of RA. The positive predictive value of RA in patients with a high CCP 3.1 assay was 0.619 compared to 0.248 with a low positive CCP 3.1 assay (P

As human and chimpanzee genomes show high homology for IGF1 and PRL, we analyzed the sera of 367 healthy chimpanzees obtained during routine physical examinations in a single colony and measured chimpanzee insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and prolactin (PRL) levels across the lifespan using standard human immunoassays. Assuming chimpanzee IGF-1 levels peak during puberty as in humans, we randomly defined puberty as the age at which most IGF-1 levels were equal to or above the 90th percentile for each sex (males, ages ≥7.00 but

Background: Until now, quality of life (QOL) outcomes after modified selective neurectomy for postfacial paralysis synkinesis (PFPS) have not been assessed. Objective: To evaluate QOL outcomes amon...

Objectives Heart Failure is a chronic syndrome affecting over 5.7 million in the US and 26 million adults worldwide with nearly 50% experiencing depressive symptoms. The objective of the study is to compare the effects of two evidence-based treatment options for adult patients with depression and advanced heart failure, on depressive symptom severity, physical and mental health related quality of life (HRQoL), heart-failure specific quality of life, caregiver burden, morbidity, and mortality at 3, 6 and 12-months. Methods Trial design. Pragmatic, randomized, comparative effectiveness trial. Interventions. The treatment interventions are: (1) Behavioral Activation (BA), a patient-centered psychotherapy which emphasizes engagement in enjoyable and valued personalized activities as selected by the patient; or (2) Antidepressant Medication Management administered using the collaborative care model (MEDS). Participants. Adults aged 18 and over with advanced heart failure (defined as New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II, III, and IV) and depression (defined as a score of 10 or above on the PHQ-9 and confirmed by the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview for the DSM-5) selected from all patients at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center who are admitted with heart failure and all patients presenting to the outpatient programs of the Smidt Heart Institute at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. We plan to randomize 416 patients to BA or MEDS, with an estimated 28% loss to follow-up/inability to collect follow-up data. Thus, we plan to include 150 in each group for a total of 300 participants from which data after randomization will be collected and analyzed. Conclusions The current trial is the first to compare the impact of BA and MEDS on depressive symptoms, quality of life, caregiver burden, morbidity, and mortality in patients with depression and advanced heart failure. The trial will provide novel results that will be disseminated and implemented into a wide range of current practice settings. Registration ClinicalTrials.Gov Identifier: NCT03688100.

Background Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is associated with high re-excision rates following breast-conserving surgery (BCS). The correlation between lesion size on different imaging modalities and final tumor size has not been well characterized. Methods A prospective database of patients with stage I-III breast cancer undergoing BCS between 2006 and 2016 was reviewed. Pearson correlation analysis was used to correlate tumor size on breast imaging to final pathology. Results Of these, 111 patients with ILC were identified. Mean lesion size was 1.93 cm for MMG, 1.61 cm for US, and 2.51 cm for MRI. Mean tumor size on surgical excision was 2.64 cm. The correlation coefficient between pathology and the different imaging modalities were as follows: MMG .17, US 0.37, and MRI .58. Actual tumor size was underestimated by 1 cm in 27.1% of MMGs, 50% of USs, and in 13.3% of MRIs. 38 patients (34.2%) underwent re-excision. No differences in re-excision rates were noted in patients with and without MRI, 30.3% vs 40.0%, respectively (P = .31). Conclusion While MRI provides a better estimate of tumor size than MMG and US, the size of the tumor on imaging only weakly correlated with pathology. The use of MRI does not decrease re-excision rates.

Introduction: Low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis (LFLG-AS) is associated with impaired left ventricular (LV) function and afterload mismatch. Indications and timing for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in LFLG-AS do not account for the presence of subclinical LV remodeling. We evaluated whether combining LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) and CT-derived extracellular volume (ECV), both markers of LV remodeling, provides incremental prediction of adverse outcomes in patients with LFLG-AS undergoing TAVR. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients with LFLG-AS undergoing TAVR in whom pre-TAVR CT-based ECV measurements were available. GLS was measured in pre-TAVR echocardiograms using speckle tracking. Cox regression analysis was performed with a primary outcome of heart failure hospitalization (HFH) or death. Four sub-groups were identified for analysis based on optimal cutoff points: Group 1 (n=64): ECV< 33 + GLS≥

Due to the low incidence of male breast cancer (BC), there are few studies evaluating outcomes. We evaluated the clinicopathologic features and outcomes of male BC. Male patients with BC from January 2006 to December 2018 were identified. Of 49 patients, mean age was 64 (range 33-94) years. Of the 27 (55.1%) patients who had genetic testing, 9 (33.3%) had a Breast Cancer gene (BRCA) 1 or 2 mutation. The majority of patients had a mastectomy (n = 43/49, 87.8%) and had invasive ductal carcinoma (n = 47/49, 95.9%). 20 patients (n = 20/43, 46.5%) had positive lymph nodes. 41 (n = 41/47, 87.2%) patients had estrogen receptor positive disease. The majority of patients were pathologic stage 2 (n = 21/46, 45.7%), followed by stage 1 (n = 15/46, 32.6%), stage 3 (n = 6/46, 13.0%), and stage 4 (n = 4/46, 8.7%). Eight patients had the 21-gene recurrence score performed. Of patients with stage 1-3 BC, 10 (n = 10/43, 23.3%) patients had recurrence. With median follow-up of 4.1 (range .6-10.6) years, 5-year overall survival was 82.9% and 5-year disease-free survival was 65.9%. In conclusion, our cohort of patients with male BC had a high incidence of BRCA mutations and most commonly had high-grade estrogen positive stage 2 tumors. Breast conserving surgery was utilized in 4% of patients and genomic testing utilized in 55% of patients.

BackgroundThe impact of CD4+ T-cell count and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the rate of surgical site infection (SSI) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) undergoing total hip arthroplasty is still unclear. The goals of this study were to assess the rate of perioperative infection at a large tertiary care referral center and to identify risk factors in HIV+ patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA).MethodsThis study was a prospective, observational study at a single medical center from 2000–2017. Patients who were HIV+ and underwent THA were followed from the preoperative assessment period, through surgery and for a 2-year follow-up period.ResultsSixteen of 144 HIV+ patients (11%) undergoing THA developed perioperative surgical site infections. Fourteen patients (10%) required revision THA within a range of 12 to 97 days after the initial surgery. The patients’ mean age was 49.6 ± 4.5 years, and the most common diagnosis prompting THA was osteonecrosis (96%). Patients who developed SSI had a lower waist-hip ratio (0.86 vs. 0.93,p= 0.047), lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (45.8 vs. 52.5,p= 0.015) and were more likely to have post-traumatic arthritis (12.5% vs. 0%,p= 0.008). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that current alcohol use and higher waist-hip ratio were significant protectors against infection (p< 0.05). No other demographic, medical, immunologic parameters, or specific HAART regimens were associated with perioperative infection.ConclusionsImmunologic status as measured by CD4+ cell count, HIV viral load, and medical therapy do not appear to influence the development of SSI in HIV+ patients undergoing THA. Metabolic factors and post-traumatic arthritis may influence the increased rate of infection in HIV+ patients following THA.

Objective: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has long been associated with vocal dysfunction. However, studies quantifying the presence of voice dysfunction in CRS patients or the effects of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) are sparse. The goal of this study was to determine the voice-related quality of life in patients undergoing FESS for CRS using the validated Voice Related Quality of Life Survey (VRQL). We correlated the preoperative VRQL scores to the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) scores, and we determined the effect of FESS on postoperative VRQL scores. Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing FESS were preoperatively administered both the VRQL and the SNOT-22 surveys. Spearman (ρ) and Pearson ( r) correlation coefficients were calculated. The VRQL was mailed to patients postoperatively between 3 and 6 months. The paired t-test was used to compare pre- and post-FESS scores. Results: A total of 102 patients were enrolled, and 81 patients completed the two surveys. A total of 51 (62.9%) patients had raw VRQL score ≥ 10, signifying presence of significant vocal symptoms. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) raw VRQL score of the entire study population was 12.4 ± 4.6, and the mean SNOT-22 score was 37.8 ± 19.2. The Spearman correlation coefficient between VRQL and the total SNOT-22 score was 0.34 ( P =.002), and the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.36 ( P = .001). Both correlations were similar, demonstrating that increasing severity of CRS symptoms correlates with decreasing voice-related quality of life (QOL). Seventy patients completed the postoperative survey for an 86% retention rate. Thirty-six of these patients had abnormal preoperative VRQL scores, and these patients improved significantly after FESS. The mean preoperative versus postoperative raw scores were 15.2 ± 5.6 versus 12.5 ± 4.1, respectively ( P = .003). Conclusion: This study demonstrates the increasing presence of vocal complaints with increasing severity of CRS. It also demonstrates that VRQL scores improve after FESS in those patients with preoperative vocal complaints. Level of Evidence: IV