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This study aimed to categorize the constituent tissues of the mandibular condylar cartilage of elderly individuals.Thirty-three mandibular condyles were collected from 20 human cadavers of individuals between 40 years and 103 years old. Samples were stained with Masson's trichrome and Herovici's stains and, examined under a light microscope.All samples showed tissues that were categorized as fibrous and hyaline cartilage in the mandibular condylar cartilage. A thick fibrous cartilage layer was differentiated on the top of a thinner hyaline cartilage in all of the examined samples. Undifferentiated cells, as well as mature and hypertrophic chondroblasts, were observed in the layer identified as hyaline cartilage, even though they were not in an organized manner.The observations from this study confirm that both fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage are still present in the mandibular condylar cartilage of elderly individuals.The results from this study infer that the mandibular condylar cartilage could be still able to respond to stimulus in adults. In that context, the results of the present study set the basis for future studies aiming to elucidate the biological activity and the remodeling potential of the tissues at the mandibular condyle in adults.

Climate change will impact health through a variety of pathways - both direct and indirect. Identifying the specific link between climate-related hazards and vulnerability will require the integration of socio-environmental, meteorological, and health data. An enhanced monitoring and tracking system is critical for public health efforts to identify and reach populations vulnerable to climate-related hazards, mobilize resources, and inform local climate action policy to reduce climate-related health risks. In this paper we present a novel application of a geospatial tool that integrates multiple data sources, allowing for the streamlined visualization of environmental risk, socio-economic and demographic vulnerability, baseline mortality, and policy intervention measures. GEMSS (Geospatial Emergency Management Support System) is a browser-based application that is designed to assemble geospatial information from multiple local or remote sources in a common operating environment, allowing for multi-data visualization. Using vulnerability to extreme heat and heavy rainfall-induced flooding as climate impacts on health, we tested GEMSS’s capability as a multi-data platform to visually analyze spatial patterns of climate change environmental public health indicators at the local level. The selected indicators relied on socio-environmental and demographic vulnerability, health, policy, and weather data. The GEMSS system has the potential to support multiple goals including: a) the ongoing monitoring and assessment of climate-related vulnerability through visualization; b) providing policymakers with an open-source tool for understanding how vulnerable populations and the environment could be impacted by proposed climate action policies; c) tracking the ongoing status of climate change policies in reducing socio-environmental vulnerability; d) raising awareness among the general public about the links between climate change and public health; and, e) providing a basis for epidemiologic research (i.e., identifying gaps between climate and human vulnerability leading to hypotheses and hypotheses-testing).

Le cytosquelette des osteoblastes participe activement aux changements de la taille et de la forme des cellules lors de l'application d'une stimulation mecanique.Trois types principaux de filaments proteiques constituent ce cytosquelette : les filaments d'actine, les microtubules contenant de la tubuline, et les filaments intermediaires constitues de vimentine.Les auteurs ont etudie les effets dus a la deformation, sur la repartition de l'actine, de la vimentine et des proteines de contact focal telles que la vinculine, la taline et la tensine au sein de cellules de type osteoblastique.Des cellules humaines d'osteosarcome TE-85 ont ete cultivees jusqu'a confluence cellulaire.Une contrainte intermittente a ete exercee sur les cellules pendant 2, 6 ou 24 h et des cellules non soumises a contrainte ont ete utilisees comme controle.Une localisation immunocytochimique des proteines a ete entreprise au sein des cultures experimentales et du groupe de controle.Les resultats ont montre que la contrainte mecanique altere la distribution de toutes les proteines etudiees. Bien que la contrainte ait semble alterer la distribution de la tensine apres deux heures de tension, la distribution des autres proteines etudiees ne fut modifiee de facon significative qu'a partir de la sixieme heure. Les modifications de distribution de la taline et de la vinculine indiquaient un accroissement des contacts focaux apres application de la contrainte.A aucun moment cependant, il n'a ete possible de mettre en evidence une modification concluante de l'orientation des cellules soumises a contrainte.La reponse des cellules HOS demontre que le cytosquelette s'adapte a la contrainte mecanique, par la stimulation de proteines et de recepteurs proteiques specifiques.Ces resultats font penser que les cellules reagiraient a la contrainte en augmentant leurs proprietes d'ancrage au substrat.

We report 5 cases of severe failure of the polyethylene liner at 4 to 7.4 years after uncemented anatomic medullary locking (AML) total hip arthroplasty, using the acetabular cup system (ACS). The mode of failure was by a combination of wear through to the metal backing and liner fracture. Four of the 5 cases were associated with a 32-mm head. The ACS design is flawed because of a lack of hemispherical geometry resulting in rim loading on a region of the liner that has the thinnest polyethylene. All patients with this type of implant should be monitored for evidence of excessive polyethylene wear.

Deuterium exchange at various positions on the C2B4H8 molecule was studied. D2 exchanges with all boron-bonded hydrogen atoms, and B2D6 in the presence of diglyme exchanges only at the 4-, 6-terminal positions. The (CH3)2C2B4H6-DCl exchange, catalyzed by aluminum chloride, occurs at both apex and base terminal positions. C,C-Dideuterio-2,3-dicarbahexaborane(8), D2C2B4H6, was prepared for comparison of the infrared spectrum. (Author)

Ultraviolet irradiation of 2,3-dicarbahexaborane(8), (C2B4H8) vapor was shown to give greatly improved yields of 1,5-dicarbaclovopentaborane(5) (C2B3H5), 1,2-dicarbaclovohexaborane(6) (1,2-C2B4H6), and 1,6-dicarbaclovohexaborane(6) (1,6-C2B4H6). No evidence was found of the formation 2,4-dicarbaheptaborane(7) (C2B5H7).