Search

Signaler un cas de harcelement sexuel n'est pas evident. Pour comprendre les conditions dans lesquelles les femmes le font, un sondage telephonique et des archives ont ete analyses provenant de la Commission canadienne des droits de la personne. La vulnerabilite personnelle est un critere negligeable. Les femmes ont tendance a deposer des plaintes lorsque le cas de harcelement implique un superieur, plusieurs harceleurs ou que l'agression est grave. Les femmes qui portent plainte eprouvent plus de difficultes ulterieurement que celles qui preferent se taire. Le fait de denoncer un cas de harcelement a des repercussions negatives sur le travail et dans la vie personnelle. La plupart des femmes quittent leur emploi une fois la plainte deposed. Des variables pertinentes sur le plan juridique permettent de prevoir Tissue d'une plainte. Reporting sexual harassment is not a common practice. To understand conditions under which women report harassment and its effects, two data sets were analyzed: a telephone survey of Canadian working women and archival data from the Canadian Human Rights Commission. Personal vulnerability, such as age, marital status or income, has little impact. Women tend to file external complaints when harassment involves a supervisor, multiple harassers or is severe. Women who report experience more adverse outcomes than non-reporters. Reporting has a negative effect on work and personal life; the vast majority leave the job where the complaint occurred. Legally relevant variables, such as severity or psychological distress, predict the settlement of complaints.

The impact of bullying and sexual harassment on six health outcomes among middle school girls were compared to these outcomes among high school girls. High school girls experienced more bullying and sexual harassment and poorer health outcomes than their middle school counterparts, but the impact of these experiences was less among high school students. Differences in outcomes may be the result of better support systems and coping mechanisms among high school girls and/or challenging developmental changes during middle school. Sexual orientation, race, and disability had some notable relationships to bullying and sexual harassment experiences as well as health outcomes.

A comparison of the impact of bullying and sexual harassment on five school outcomes was conducted on a sample of high school students. Results revealed that sexual harassment was a stronger predictor than bullying of all school outcomes for both sexes, but especially for girls. This study suggests that sexual harassment, which activates sexist and heterosexist stereotypes, erodes school engagement, alienates students from teachers, and adversely affects academic achievement, to a greater degree than bullying does.

The response patterns of women who had experienced sexual harassment were analyzed. The harassment targets were part of a large, representative sample of Canadian women (n = 1,990) who were interviewed about their experiences with public or workplace harassment. Descriptive analyses revealed that women generally gave fairly nonassertive responses to harassment particularly when (a) the harassment was not severe, (b) the source was not a supervisor or employer, (c) there were few workplace policies or procedures on sexual harassment, (d) their occupational group consisted mostly of other women, or (e) they did not believe that sexual harassment was a power issue, Multivariate analyses revealed that harassment severity, source of harassment, and being in an occupation in which women were a threatening minority were the strongest predictors of response assertiveness. Also, harassment severity and source of harassment were the strongest predictors of women who quit their jobs due to harassment. The nonasserti...

Predictors and outcomes of male harassment and hostility toward women (woman-unfriendly experiences) were analyzed for professional and blue-collar women ( N = 805) in three geographic regions. Two central questions were addressed by using multiple regression: Do the same types of variables predict woman-unfriendly experiences across regions? Are there similar job-related and psychological outcomes of woman-unfriendly experiences across regions? Americans reported more such experiences and they affected more outcomes. Scandinavians had fewer woman-unfriendly experiences than Americans, fewer job-related or psychological problems, more autonomy, and better work environments. Former Soviet professionals reported more unfriendly experiences than workers but less than their peers in the other regions. Differences among the regions were attributed to general social and economic policies that have attempted to eradicate gender inequality (Scandinavia), occupational status levelling and traditional gender stereotypes (former USSR), or cultural values of competitiveness and individualism and heightened sensitivity to the issue of sexual harassment (United States).

The effects of acute ethanol administration on acid-base balance and hemodynamic parameters were studied in a canine model. Ten mongrel dogs, anesthetized and maintained on a volume ventilator, underwent splenic artery ligation 30 minutes prior to study. Group A (N = 5) served as controls. Thirty minutes after drug administration, the animals underwent a 20-cc/kg hemorrhage over 15 minutes. Thirty minutes postphlebotomy, resuscitation was performed with the same volume of homologous blood. Acid-base and hemodynamic parameters were monitored over 3.5 hours. Ethanol levels peaked 60 minutes following administration at 207 +/- 13 mg%. During the entire study, no differences were observed in heart rate, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, systemic vascular resistance index, pO2, or pCO2, between the two groups. Following hemorrhage, statistically significant decreases in pH, mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac index (CI), and left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) developed in group A compared to controls. Maximal disparity developed in pH (7.21 +/- 0.05 to 7.33 +/- 0.02, P0.01), MAP (67 +/- 11 v 110 +/- 9 torr, P0.01), CI (1.69 +/- 0.24 compared to 2.72 +/- 0.19 L/min/M2, and LVSWI (18.7 +/- 1.2 compared to 44.9 +/- 4.8 gr-meter/M2/beat, P0.01) at 60, 45, 30, and 75 minutes postphlebotomy. In this study, ethanol directly or indirectly caused an increased metabolic acidosis and myocardial depression in the post-hemorrhage period.

Most of the research conducted on sexual harassment over the last decade and a half has used categories that are neither mutually exclusive nor exhaustive. This has created problems for researchers: it is difficult to compare results from one study to another, harassment types that have scholarly and legal-policy relevance are omitted, and the ability of researchers to inform legal and policy decisions is diminished as a result of these problems. A comprehensive categorization of harassment types that addresses these methodological problems is presented. Specifically, 11 specific types of harassment—4 types of Verbal Requests, 3 Verbal Remarks, and 4 Nonverbal Displays—are presented with examples from research and legal literatures. Recommendations for reconceptualizing research definitions of harassment as well as for diversifying the methodological approaches to the topic are made.

A sample of 522 middle and high school students from a school district in a northeastern state in the U.S. was used to address two questions about bullying and sexual harassment: Is one more frequent than the other, and are there gender or sexual orientation differences in this regard? And, does one have greater adverse health effects than the other, and, if so, for whom? Bullying occurred more frequently than sexual harassment for both girls and boys but not among sexual minorities. Girls were bullied or harassed as frequently as boys, but sexual minorities experienced higher levels of both. Compared to bullying, sexual harassment had adverse effects on more health outcomes. These adverse effects were especially notable among girls and sexual minorities.

This paper argues that the ability of social research to influence legal arguments and policy decisions on sexual harassment in the workplace has been stymied by several methodological problems which are shared by most major studies on the topic. Determination of the incidence of harassment and its major sub-types is difficult because of problems with sampling (e.g., response rate, sample size) and instrument construction (e.g., number or variety of harassment categories). Additionally, severity of harassment is rarely treated as a variable.

Objective An examination of the frequency and impact of workplace sexual harassment on work, health, and school outcomes on high school girls is presented in two parts. The first compares the frequency of harassment in this sample (52%) to published research on adult women that used the same measure of sexual harassment. The second part compares outcomes for girls who experienced harassment versus those who did not. Methods Students in a small, suburban high school for girls completed a paper and pencil survey during class. A modified version of the Sexual Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ: Fitzgerald et al., 1988) was used to identify sexually harassed working teenagers. Work attitudes, assessments of physical health and mental health, and school-related outcomes were measured using standardized scales. Data were analyzed using difference of proportions tests, t-tests, and regression. Results The percentage of harassed girls was significantly higher than the figures reported in most studies of working women. Girls who were sexually harassed were less satisfied with their jobs and supervisors, had higher levels of academic withdrawal, and were more apt to miss school than their non-harassed peers. Conclusions Sexual harassment significantly impacts employed high school girls’ connections to work and school. It not only taints their attitudes toward work but it also threatens to undermine their commitment to school. Educators, practitioners and community leaders should be aware of the negative impact this work experience may have on adolescents and explore these issues carefully with students who are employed outside of school. Practice implications Teenage students, stressed by sexual harassment experienced at work may find their career development or career potential impeded or threatened due to school absence and poor academic performance. In addition, the physical safety of working students may be at risk, creating a need for teenagers to receive training to deal with sexual assault and other types of workplace violence. Educators, practitioners, and community leaders should be aware of the negative impact this work experience may have on adolescents and their overall school experience and explore the issue of sexual harassment carefully with students who are employed outside of school.

Four "pathway" (age, sex, social class, and number of dependents) and three "gatekeeper" (previous admission, previous ward terms, and severity of patient disorder) variables are used to predict recidivism rates and lengths of stay for patients admitted to a psychiatric ward in a general hospital during a 1-year period. There were three major findings. First, the gatekeeper variables were, by themselves, useful for predicting length of stay; additional information, in the form of the pathway variables, was needed to adequately explain differences in recidivism. Second, while most of the effects on recidivism were direct, most of the effects on length of stay were indirect or mediated through the variable of the severity of patient problems. Third, it was discovered that recidivism and length of stay are inversely related: patients with high recidivism rates, for example, tend to have relatively short average lengths of stay. Based on four patterns of recidivism and length of stay, a typology was developed to facilitate a better understanding of patient behavior.

This article analyzes the orientation of 150 women autoworkers toward feminism. Demographic variables had no significant independent effects when considered with other variables. Age, marital status, and education did have noteworthy mediated effects. Seniority level, workplace threat, and job skills were significant determinants of feminist orientations. Women's feelings of being trapped in a job, their feelings of job competence, and their self-esteem were also important factors. The interrelationships among the variables suggested that there are two routes to profeminist attitudes. One route is followed by older, higher-seniority women who develop a positive stance toward feminism as a result of mostly positive work-related experiences (high skills, high job competence, high self-esteem). The other route is followed by younger, divorced, or college-educated women whose negative work-related experiences (low seniority, low job skills, high job entrapment, low job competence) apparently sensitize them to feminist issues.

Harassment frequency, severity, response, and effect were analyzed for a sample of 138 women who work mostly in unskilled jobs in the auto industry. It was hypothesized that these would be related to several social and work-related characteristics: specifically low social of work status, or low numerical representation in a work area. Our analysis found that blacks, unmarried, or young (under 25) women, or those with low job status, or who worked in an area where women were a sizable minority were more likely to be the targets of frequent harassment. Black women, or those who were a sizable minority in a work area, were also likely to be severely harassed. Harassment response, however, was not related to either social or work-related characteristics. In other words, women who are the targets of harassment do not respond differently than women who are less frequently or severely harassed. Several consequences of sexual harassment were found. Feelings toward coworkers and supervisors were adversely affected by harassment; overall job satisfaction, feelings of job competence, and work mobility aspirations were not influenced. Finally, there was some evidence that harassment generalized beyond the workplace: Harassed women reported lower self-esteem and experienced less global life satisfaction.

We examined the conferring of distinguished teaching awards, a social device to help sustain professed group values. A content analysis located 2900 statements (made by 978 students and faculty, at UNC-Chapel Hill, in support of their nominees) in 35 categories. The imputed attributes of superior teachers described, chiefly, teaching techniques. Far fewer personal and professional traits were mentioned. The optimum set of traits imputed to superior teachers combines command of subject matter, concern for student and techniques for conveying that competence and conscientiousness. To understand more about factors making for superior teaching, we compared certain background characteristics of rank award-winner and placers (N = 60) with 60 controls. We also explored relationships between nominee rank and various personal and contextual characteristics and factors affecting student-teacher interaction, jointly and separately considered in regression analysis.

We studied the development of acidosis, as measured by blood gases, in a convenience sample of 16 patients undergoing five minutes of closed-chest CPR (CC-CPR) followed by five minutes of open-chest CPR (OC-CPR). To eliminate the influence of variable pCO2 on serum pH, all blood gas values were adjusted to a pCO2 of 40 mm Hg. Adjusted pH fell a mean of 0.09 U (SEM +/- 0.03, P = .02) with five minutes of CC-CPR and then 0.05 U (SEM +/- 0.02, P = .05) with five minutes of OC-CPR. The decline in adjusted pH during CC-CPR was statistically comparable to the decline that occurred during OC-CPR. The development of acidosis as measured by blood gases does not appear to be significantly different for patients undergoing five minutes of CC-CPR versus five minutes of OC-CPR when OC-CPR follows CC-CPR.

1. 1. Electrophysiology/Characteristics/Morphology: ◦ ⊎ Increased duration of QRS interval, delay of intrinsicoid deflection, and increased QRS voltage tend to occur. ◦ ⊎ “Strain” refers to T-wave inversion with depressed upwardly convex ST segments in the setting of LVE. ◦ ⊎ Leftward axis is common, but not always found with LVE. 2. 2. EKG diagnosis: See Romhilt-Estes Scoring System outlined in Table 1. ◦ ⊎ Conditions impairing diagnosis: asymmetrical septal hypertrophy, prior MI, CHF, pericardial or pleural effusions, anasarca, pulmonary emphysema, RBBB3, LBBB, obesity, concomitant right ventricular enlargement. ◦ ⊎ False positive diagnosis can occur in children and young adults, or in patients who are emaciated or have a slender body build. 3. 3. Significance: Hypertension is the most common cause. ◦ ⊎ New onset or increasing strain pattern may signify LV dilatation and failure, or myocardial ischemia, and warrants careful evaluation. 4. 4. Treatment: As per underlying cause.

Right ventricular enlargement (RVE) encompasses dilatation and hypertrophy of the right ventricular chamber. Severe RVE produces characteristic ECG changes including right axis deviation and large S waves in the left precordial leads. Treatment is directed at the underlying cause.

Bacterial meningit is in the United States, 1978 through 1981: The national bacter ia l meningit is survei l lance study Schlech WF, Ward JI, Band JD, et al JAMA 253:1749-1754 Mar 22/29, 1985 purpura and antithrombin III deficiency. It may be useful in patients requiring massive blood transfusions, in select patients with immunodeficiencies, or in reversible warfarin effect. Also FFP is efficacious in the treatment of deficiencies of clotting facors II, V, VII, IX, X, and XII when specific component therapy is either not available or is inappropriate. The use of FFP as a volume expander or nutritional source is not recommended because safer alternatives exist. The Consensus Development Panel concludes that further attempts at educating physicians and blood bank directors about the risks and benefits of component therapy may change the use of FFP James E Gruber, MD