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To help educators deliver their physiology laboratory courses remotely, we developed an inexpensive, customizable hardware kit along with freely available teaching resources. We based the course design on four principles that should allow students to conduct insightful experiments on different physiological systems. First, the experimental setup should not be constrained to laboratory environments. Second, students should be able to take this course without prior coding and electronics experience. Third, the hardware kit should be relatively inexpensive, and all other resources should be freely available. Fourth, all resources should be customizable for educators. The hardware kit consists of commercially available electronic components, with a microcontroller as its hub (Arduino friendly). All measurement systems can be assembled without soldering. The hardware kit is cost-effective (approximately the cost of a textbook) and can be customized depending upon instructional needs. All software is freely available, and we share all necessary codes in open-access online repositories for simple use and customizability. All lab manuals and additional video tutorials are also freely available online and customizable. In our particular course, we have weekly asynchronous physiology lectures and one synchronous laboratory session, where students can get help with their equipment. In this article, we only focus on the novel and open-source laboratory part of the course. The laboratory includes four units [data acquisition, ECG, electromyography (EMG), activity classification] and one final project. It is our intent that these resources will allow other educators to rapidly implement their own remote physiology laboratories or to extend our work into other pedagogical applications of wearable technology.

The carbon-rich layer at the back-contact interface of a solution-processed Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) absorber is investigated with a combination of surface-sensitive X-ray photoelectron and bulk-sensitive X-ray emission spectroscopy. For absorber deposition, an aqueous ammonium-thioglycolate (ATGL) solution was used, and the “buried” back-contact interface was accessed by cleaving in a liquid nitrogen environment. In the pertinent literature, it is reported that such a carbon layer at the absorber/back-contact interface could have beneficial effects, e.g., to reduce series resistance or increase the short circuit current. Here, a detailed picture of the chemical structure of this carbon-rich layer at the back contact is derived, which consists of carbon (74 ± 7%), selenium (19 ± 4%), and sulfur (7 ± 3%). The selenium in this layer is found as elemental inclusions, possibly from not fully reacted selenium during the absorber production. The sulfur content in this carbon-rich layer is twice that of sulfur in the absorber. A detailed analysis of the chemical environment suggests that residuals from the aqueous ATGL solution are the origin of sulfur in this carbon-rich layer. Furthermore, underneath the carbon-rich layer, S-Mo bonds are found at the Mo back contact.

Rural China faces many challenges, including outmigration, brain drains, and the hollowing out and decline of villages. This paper offers a response by drawing attention to the phenomenon of “community connection” among migrants in urban areas who try to keep their identity and attachment to home communities in the countryside. From the perspective of bridging social capital, we argue that community connection is a potential resource for rural revitalisation. The value and conditions of using community connection are revealed through a survey conducted with over 1200 university students in China, coming from a rural family background. This paper contributes to the literature in the following aspects: First, community connection provides a foundation upon which bridging social capital can be linked with and used for the development of home community, an important condition for successful rural revitalisation. Second, the potential of community connection requests in recognising a sense of community among migrants who are attaching to, and willing to bring external resources into, home communities. Third, a sense of community varies greatly with geographic location and the social group with which migrants belong to. A greater sense of community and place attachment is more likely found amongst those coming from remote villages and rural poor, whose livelihoods are heavily dependent upon traditional agriculture. Furthermore, differences in a sense of community may lead to different approaches or attitudes to ongoing land transfer in the countryside. Policy implications, research limitations and directions of further research are discussed.

During 1967-8, The Lovin’ Spoonful, The Animals, The Who, Richie Havens, Jefferson Airplane and the Iron Butterfly, performed in the gymnasium at the small, liberal arts Drew University in suburban New Jersey. Turns out, this experience was not unique to Drew. College campuses across the country were essential for the growth of popular music, and of rock music in particular in the mid- to late-sixties. The music industry took notice as booking agents, record shops, pop music promoters, radio stations, and industry magazines and newspapers all began to place more emphasis on the opportunities provided by the nation’s colleges. While we know a great deal about activism on college campuses during the sixties, we know little about that same environment and its relationship to the growth and development of rock culture. This essay will explore the relationship between the growth of rock culture, the college campus, and the broader sixties experience. The college campus proved crucial in the development of rock music as student tastes determined “rock culture.” Folk, pop, soul/R&B, folk rock, hard rock, and psychedelic/acid rock, thrived simultaneously on the college campus from 1967 to 1970, precisely the period of significant change in popular music.

Background: We describe the implementation of a remote operational model to provide targeted, multi-faceted social services during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at the East Harlem Health Outreach Partnership (EHHOP), a student-run, physician-supervised free clinic (SRFC) that serves uninsurable residents of East Harlem in New York City (NYC). The model attempts to mitigate the economic consequences of the pandemic while also safely meeting the needs of patients who were quarantined or otherwise medically vulnerable. Methods: We outline a step-by-step approach required to transition social services to a remote model, across six key workflows: (1) student volunteer recruitment, (2) fundraising, (3) grocery and financial grant allocation, (4) medication delivery, (5) mask delivery and patient education, and (6) broader community engagement. Results: Within 20 days of the first known case of COVID-19 in NYC, we established a protocol for remote care and expanded social services. From March to July 2020, EHHOP volunteers made 221 medication and 172 mask kit no-contact deliveries. To address food and housing insecurity, 140 patients were provided financial grants and an additional 109 received food deliveries. This comprehensive response was supported through emergency fundraising efforts that generated $66,690. Conclusions: By focusing on support for basic needs including food, medication, personal protective equipment, and patient education, EHHOP was able to bolster the safety-net for marginalized patients otherwise excluded from national economic recovery efforts and ensure continuous care for patients with chronic medical illness. EHHOP’s operational model for safe, remote delivery of social services provides other clinics with a framework to guide current and future emergency responses.

Here we describe the development and implementation of a telehealth model for vulnerable, uninsured residents of East Harlem in New York City during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at a student-run, physician-supervised free clinic. The East Harlem Health Outreach Partnership completed 43 primary care follow-up and 78 urgent telehealth encounters during a six-week trial period during the COVID-19 outbreak, and 40 patients were managed for either suspected or confirmed COVID-19 diagnoses. Telehealth is a useful tool to provide rapid, high-quality care to a large patient population during a pandemic. Challenges include the lack of access to updated technology among patients of lower socioeconomic status and rapidly evolving management guidelines for COVID-19. Telehealth is essential for supporting vulnerable populations during times of reduced physical contact, including the COVID-19 pandemic, but can be applied broadly to all free clinics to augment access.

This case report comprises studies of four Goeldi ' s monkeys (Callimico goeldii) from the same enclosure. Globe samples from two related C goeldii (the female C goeldii and her male offspring) were available for a histopathological evaluation. Both cases presented histopathologically evident outer retinal degeneration with differences in severity. There was marked outer retinal atrophy characterized by loss of the outer and inner photoreceptor segments, and depletion of the outer retinal nuclear layer. Furthermore, we report a reduction in the thickness of the outer retinal plexiform, inner retinal nuclear layer, and inner retinal plexiform layer in these C goeldii monkeys. To the authors’ knowledge, these findings have not yet been reported in wildor captive-bred population of C goeldii.

In clinical and experimental NASH, the origin of the scar-forming myofibroblast is the HSC. We used foz/foz mice on a Western diet to characterize in detail the phenotypic changes of HSCs in a NASH model.We examined the single-cell expression profiles (scRNA sequencing) of HSCs purified from the normal livers of foz/foz mice on a chow diet, in NASH with fibrosis of foz/foz mice on a Western diet, and in livers during regression of NASH after switching back to a chow diet. Selected genes were analyzed using immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR, and short hairpin RNA knockdown in primary mouse HSCs. Our analysis of the normal liver identified two distinct clusters of quiescent HSCs that correspond to their acinar position of either pericentral vein or periportal vein. The NASH livers had four distinct HSC clusters, including one representing the classic fibrogenic myofibroblast. The three other HSC clusters consisted of a proliferating cluster, an intermediate activated cluster, and an immune and inflammatory cluster. The livers with NASH regression had one cluster of inactivated HSCs, which was similar to, but distinct from, the quiescent HSCs.Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing in combination with an interrogation of previous studies revealed an unanticipated heterogeneity of HSC phenotypes under normal and injured states.

The shortage of junior seafarers in China in recent years raises a salient question as to how international shipping companies can improve retention rates among Chinese crews. This issue has become increasingly prominent in the context of a global lockdown resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic. This paper examines the dilemma through the lens of the “bond” between seafarers and the shipping companies they service, a term used to reflect the need to recognise, consent and integrate into management systems, safety culture, and organizational values. The value of this bond concept is investigated in a survey of Chinese crews (N = 318). The paper aims to reveal the features and underlying factors of the bond, and its influence on needs, perceptions and seafaring careers in foreign shipping companies. The study finds that the majority of respondents do not have a bond with their shipping company, but typically do wish to develop one. Furthermore, this form of attachment appears to be closely related to career satisfaction and retention. To address the shortage of junior seafarers in China, we call for the development of mutual trust, respect and shared values between global seafarers and international shipping companies. A number of policy recommendations are provided.

We demonstrate that applying atomic layer deposition-derived molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) catalytic coatings on copper gallium diselenide (CGSe) thin film absorbers can lead to efficient wide band gap photocathodes for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production. We have prepared a device that is free of precious metals, employing a CGSe absorber and a cadmium sulfide (CdS) buffer layer, a titanium dioxide (TiO2) interfacial layer, and a MoS2 catalytic layer. The resulting MoS2/TiO2/CdS/CGSe photocathode exhibits a photocurrent onset of +0.53 V vs RHE and a saturation photocurrent density of −10 mA cm–2, with stable operation for >5 h in acidic electrolyte. Spectroscopic investigations of this device architecture indicate that overlayer degradation occurs inhomogeneously, ultimately exposing the underlying CGSe absorber.

Change management is a discipline fundamental to the task of building ever more complex computing systems. Properly managed change provides a means whereby alterations to existing components of a complex artefact and their relationships can be evaluated, managed and evolved. This thesis takes as its example Official RAAF Publications, some of which need to be revised as a result of changes to the system they describe. The thesis develops a model of change propagation providing a set of operations to examine and record the changes to a set of publications. Additional operations enable coping with reversing decisions and handling the unexpected arrival of externally generated amendments. The model is extended to cover a finer granularity of entities (at the page level) to determine whether this greater level of detail would ease some tasks. A further extension provides the notion of relationships between the publications of concern, focusing on a dependency relationship between two publications. This enables exploration of the possibility of improving the process by reducing the risk of missing publications needing revision and providing a means by which some tasks can be partly automated thus speeding up the process. The models presented were developed in Sum, a variant of the Z specification language, to gain greater insight into the essential details of the operations and data structures involved. By ignoring implementation details the essential logical steps of each model can be emphasised and their differences and similarities contrasted. This thesis demonstrates that fine-grained change management is feasible. The thesis develops processes that automatically track the status of changes as they are propagated through a set of documents. The greater knowledge of work done on individual pages allows only the page(s) of concern to be affected. The work also enables recommendations to be made as to the applicability of each model and, by comparing the models, provides insight into the amount of work and resources required for tackling change at different levels of granularity.

A student's own body provides an often disregarded site of knowledge production and corporeal wisdom. Learning via cognitive processes anchored in physical movement and body awareness, known as embodied learning, may aid students to visualize structures and understand their functions and clinical relevance. Working from an embodied learning perspective, the current article evaluates the use of an offline physical learning tool (Anatomical Glove Learning System; AGLS) for teaching hand anatomy for clinical application in medical students. Two student samples (N1 = 105; N2 = 94) used the AGLS in two different ways. In the first sample, the AGLS was compared to a traditional approach using hand bones, models and prosected specimens. Secondly, the AGLS and traditional approach were combined. The evaluation consisted of three outcomes: short-term learning (post-test), medium-term applications (mock-objective structured clinical examination, MOSCE), and longer-term assessment (objective structured clinical examination, OSCE). Findings from the first sample indicated no significant differences between the AGLS and traditional laboratory groups on short- (F(1,78) = 0.036, P = 0.849), medium- (F(1,50) = 0.743, P = 0.393), or longer-term (F(1,82) = 0.997, P = 0.321) outcomes. In the second sample using the AGLS in combination with a traditional approach was associated with significantly better short-term post-test scores (F(2,174) = 5.98, P = 0.003) than using the AGLS alone, but demonstrated no effect for long-term OSCE scores. These results suggest an embodied learning experience alone does not appear to be advantageous to student learning, but when combined with other methods for studying anatomy there are learning gains.