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553 results on '"James, Rachael"'

1. Enhanced weathering in the U.S. Corn Belt delivers carbon removal with agronomic benefits

Author

Beerling, David J., Epihov, Dimitar Z., Kantola, Ilsa B., Masters, Michael D., Reershemius, Tom, Planavsky, Noah J., Reinhard, Christopher T., Jordan, Jacob S., Thorne, Sarah J., Weber, James, Martin, Maria Val, Freckleton, Robert P., Hartley, Sue E., James, Rachael H., Pearce, Christopher R., DeLucia, Evan H., and Banwart, Steven A.

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract

Enhanced weathering (EW) with crushed basalt on farmlands is a promising scalable atmospheric carbon dioxide removal strategy that urgently requires performance assessment with commercial farming practices. Our large-scale replicated EW field trial in the heart of the U.S. Corn Belt shows cumulative time-integrated carbon sequestration of 15.4 +/- 4.1 t CO2 ha-1 over four years, with additional emissions mitigation of ~0.1 - 0.4 t CO2,e ha-1 yr-1 for soil nitrous oxide, a potent long-lived greenhouse gas. Maize and soybean yields increased 12-16% with EW following improved soil fertility, decreased soil acidification, and upregulation of root nutrient transport genes. Our findings suggest that widespread adoption of EW across farming sectors has the potential to contribute significantly to net-zero greenhouse gas emissions goals and global food and soil security.

Published
2023

2. Transthoracic Echocardiographic Assessment of the Heart in Pregnancy—a position statement on behalf of the British Society of Echocardiography and the United Kingdom Maternal Cardiology Society

Author

Curtis, Stephanie L., Belham, Mark, Bennett, Sadie, James, Rachael, Harkness, Allan, Gamlin, Wendy, Thilaganathan, Baskaran, Giorgione, Veronica, Douglas, Hannah, Carroll, Aisling, Kitt, Jamie, Colebourn, Claire, Ribeiro, Isabel, Fairbairn, Sarah, Augustine, Daniel X., Robinson, Shaun, and Thorne, Sara A.

Published
2023
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5. Suitability analysis and revised strategies for marine environmental carbon capture and storage (CCS) monitoring

Author

Lichtschlag, Anna, Pearce, Christopher R., Suominen, Mikael, Blackford, Jerry, Borisov, Sergey M., Bull, Jonathan M., de Beer, Dirk, Dean, Marcella, Esposito, Mario, Flohr, Anita, Gros, Jonas, Haeckel, Matthias, Huvenne, Veerle A.I., James, Rachael H., Koopmans, Dirk, Linke, Peter, Mowlem, Matthew, Omar, Abdirahman M., Schaap, Allison, Schmidt, Mark, Sommer, Stefan, Strong, James, and Connelly, Douglas P.

Published
2021
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7. Environment, ecology, and potential effectiveness of an area protected from deep-sea mining (Clarion Clipperton Zone, abyssal Pacific)

Author

Jones, Daniel O.B., Simon-Lledó, Erik, Amon, Diva J., Bett, Brian J., Caulle, Clémence, Clément, Louis, Connelly, Douglas P., Dahlgren, Thomas G., Durden, Jennifer M., Drazen, Jeffrey C., Felden, Janine, Gates, Andrew R., Georgieva, Magdalena N., Glover, Adrian G., Gooday, Andrew J., Hollingsworth, Anita L., Horton, Tammy, James, Rachael H., Jeffreys, Rachel M., Laguionie-Marchais, Claire, Leitner, Astrid B., Lichtschlag, Anna, Menendez, Amaya, Paterson, Gordon L.J., Peel, Kate, Robert, Katleen, Schoening, Timm, Shulga, Natalia A., Smith, Craig R., Taboada, Sergio, Thurnherr, Andreas M., Wiklund, Helena, Young, C. Robert, and Huvenne, Veerle A.I.

Published
2021
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9. Multiscale characterisation of chimneys/pipes: Fluid escape structures within sedimentary basins

Author

Robinson, Adam H., Callow, Ben, Böttner, Christoph, Yilo, Naima, Provenzano, Giuseppe, Falcon-Suarez, Ismael H., Marín-Moreno, Héctor, Lichtschlag, Anna, Bayrakci, Gaye, Gehrmann, Romina, Parkes, Lou, Roche, Ben, Saleem, Umer, Schramm, Bettina, Waage, Malin, Lavayssière, Aude, Li, Jianghui, Jedari-Eyvazi, Farid, Sahoo, Sourav, Deusner, Christian, Kossel, Elke, Minshull, Timothy A., Berndt, Christian, Bull, Jonathan M., Dean, Marcella, James, Rachael H., Chapman, Mark, Best, Angus I., Bünz, Stefan, Chen, Baixin, Connelly, Douglas P., Elger, Judith, Haeckel, Matthias, Henstock, Timothy J., Karstens, Jens, Macdonald, Calum, Matter, Juerg M., North, Laurence, and Reinardy, Benedict

Published
2021
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10. Towards improved monitoring of offshore carbon storage: A real-world field experiment detecting a controlled sub-seafloor CO2 release

Author

Flohr, Anita, Schaap, Allison, Achterberg, Eric P., Alendal, Guttorm, Arundell, Martin, Berndt, Christian, Blackford, Jerry, Böttner, Christoph, Borisov, Sergey M., Brown, Robin, Bull, Jonathan M., Carter, Liam, Chen, Baixin, Dale, Andrew W., de Beer, Dirk, Dean, Marcella, Deusner, Christian, Dewar, Marius, Durden, Jennifer M., Elsen, Saskia, Esposito, Mario, Faggetter, Michael, Fischer, Jan P., Gana, Amine, Gros, Jonas, Haeckel, Matthias, Hanz, Rudolf, Holtappels, Moritz, Hosking, Brett, Huvenne, Veerle A.I., James, Rachael H., Koopmans, Dirk, Kossel, Elke, Leighton, Timothy G., Li, Jianghui, Lichtschlag, Anna, Linke, Peter, Loucaides, Socratis, Martínez-Cabanas, María, Matter, Juerg M., Mesher, Thomas, Monk, Samuel, Mowlem, Matthew, Oleynik, Anna, Papadimitriou, Stathys, Paxton, David, Pearce, Christopher R., Peel, Kate, Roche, Ben, Ruhl, Henry A., Saleem, Umer, Sands, Carla, Saw, Kevin, Schmidt, Mark, Sommer, Stefan, Strong, James A., Triest, Jack, Ungerböck, Birgit, Walk, John, White, Paul, Widdicombe, Steve, Wilson, Robert Euan, Wright, Hannah, Wyatt, James, and Connelly, Douglas

Published
2021
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11. Enhanced weathering in the US Corn Belt delivers carbon removal with agronomic benefits

Author

Beerling, David J., Epihov, Dimitar Z., Kantola, Ilsa B., Masters, Michael D., Reershemius, Tom, Planavsky, Noah J., Reinhard, Christopher T., Jordan, Jacob S., Thorne, Sarah J., Weber, James, Val Martin, Maria, Freckleton, Robert P., Hartley, Sue E., James, Rachael H., Pearce, Christopher R., DeLucia, Evan H., Banwart, Steven A., Beerling, David J., Epihov, Dimitar Z., Kantola, Ilsa B., Masters, Michael D., Reershemius, Tom, Planavsky, Noah J., Reinhard, Christopher T., Jordan, Jacob S., Thorne, Sarah J., Weber, James, Val Martin, Maria, Freckleton, Robert P., Hartley, Sue E., James, Rachael H., Pearce, Christopher R., DeLucia, Evan H., and Banwart, Steven A.

Abstract

Terrestrial enhanced weathering (EW) of silicate rocks, such as crushed basalt, on farmlands is a promising scalable atmospheric carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy that urgently requires performance assessment with commercial farming practices. We report findings from a large-scale replicated EW field trial across a typical maize-soybean rotation on an experimental farm in the heart of the United Sates Corn Belt over 4 y (2016 to 2020). We show an average combined loss of major cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) from crushed basalt applied each fall over 4 y (50 t ha−1 y−1) gave a conservative time-integrated cumulative CDR potential of 10.5 ± 3.8 t CO2 ha−1. Maize and soybean yields increased significantly (P < 0.05) by 12 to 16% with EW following improved soil fertility, decreased soil acidification, and upregulation of root nutrient transport genes. Yield enhancements with EW were achieved with significantly (P < 0.05) increased key micro- and macronutrient concentrations (including potassium, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, and zinc), thus improving or maintaining crop nutritional status. We observed no significant increase in the content of trace metals in grains of maize or soybean or soil exchangeable pools relative to controls. Our findings suggest that widespread adoption of EW across farming sectors has the potential to contribute significantly to net-zero greenhouse gas emissions goals while simultaneously improving food and soil security.

Published
2024

14. Potential for large-scale CO2 removal via enhanced rock weathering with croplands

Author

Beerling, David J., Kantzas, Euripides P., Lomas, Mark R., Wade, Peter, Eufrasio, Rafael M., Renforth, Phil, Sarkar, Binoy, Andrews, M. Grace, James, Rachael H., Pearce, Christopher R., Mercure, Jean-Francois, Pollitt, Hector, Holden, Philip B., Edwards, Neil R., Khanna, Madhu, Koh, Lenny, Quegan, Shaun, Pidgeon, Nick F., Janssens, Ivan A., Hansen, James, and Banwart, Steven A.

Published
2020
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15. Water column methanotrophy controlled by a rapid oceanographic switch

Author

Steinle, Lea, Graves, Carolyn A, Treude, Tina, Ferré, Bénédicte, Biastoch, Arne, Bussmann, Ingeborg, Berndt, Christian, Krastel, Sebastian, James, Rachael H, Behrens, Erik, Böning, Claus W, Greinert, Jens, Sapart, Célia-Julia, Scheinert, Markus, Sommer, Stefan, Lehmann, Moritz F, and Niemann, Helge

Subjects
Life Below Water, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract

Large amounts of the greenhouse gas methane are released from the seabed to the water column, where it may be consumed by aerobic methanotrophic bacteria. The size and activity of methanotrophic communities, which determine the amount of methane consumed in the water column, are thought to be mainly controlled by nutrient and redox dynamics. Here, we report repeated measurements of methanotrophic activity and community size at methane seeps west of Svalbard, and relate them to physical water mass properties and modelled ocean currents. We show that cold bottom water, which contained a large number of aerobic methanotrophs, was displaced by warmer water with a considerably smaller methanotrophic community within days. Ocean current simulations using a global ocean/sea-ice model suggest that this water mass exchange is consistent with short-term variations in the meandering West Spitsbergen Current. We conclude that the shift from an offshore to a nearshore position of the current can rapidly and severely reduce methanotrophic activity in the water column. Strong fluctuating currents are common at many methane seep systems globally, and we suggest that they affect methane oxidation in the water column at other sites, too.

Published
2015

23. Direct current cardioversion in pregnancy: a multicentre study.

Author

Cauldwell, Matthew, Adamson, Dawn, Bhatia, Kaliash, Bhagra, Catriona, Bolger, Aidan, Everett, Thomas, Fox, Caroline, Girling, Joanna, Head, Catherine, English, Kate, Hudsmith, Lucy, James, Rachael, Johnson, Mark, MacKiliop, Lucy, McAuliffe, Fionnuala M., Mariappa, Gayathri, Orchard, Elizabeth, O'Brien, Maggy, Siddiqui, Farah, and Simpson, Lydia

Subjects
ELECTRIC countershock, SUPRAVENTRICULAR tachycardia, FETAL monitoring, ATRIAL flutter, PREGNANCY, PREGNANT women
Abstract

Objective: Direct current cardioversion (DCCV) in pregnancy is rarely required and typically only documented in single case reports or case series. A recent UK confidential enquiry reported on several maternal deaths where appropriate DCCV appeared to have been withheld. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Seventeen UK and Ireland specialist maternity centres. Sample: Twenty‐seven pregnant women requiring DCCV in pregnancy. Main outcome measures: Maternal and fetal outcomes following DCCV. Results: Twenty‐seven women had a total of 29 DCCVs in pregnancy. Of these, 19 (70%) initial presentations were to Emergency Departments and eight (30%) to maternity settings. There were no maternal deaths. Seventeen of the women (63%) had a prior history of heart disease. Median gestation at DCCV was 28 weeks, median gestation at delivery was 35 weeks, with a live birth in all cases. The abnormal heart rhythms documented at the first cardioversion were atrial fibrillation in 12/27 (44%) cases, atrial flutter in 8/27 (30%), supraventricular tachycardia in 5/27 (19%) and atrial tachycardia in 2/27 (7%). Fetal monitoring was undertaken following DCCV on 14/29 (48%) occasions (10 of 19 (53%) at ≥26 weeks) and on 2/29 (7%) occasions, urgent delivery was required post DCCV. Conclusions: Direct current cardioversion in pregnancy is rarely required but should be undertaken when clinically indicated according to standard algorithms to optimise maternal wellbeing. Once the woman is stable post DCCV, gestation‐relevant fetal monitoring should be undertaken. Maternity units should develop multidisciplinary processes to ensure pregnant women receive the same standard of care as their non‐pregnant counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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32. A novel transcriptional signature identifies T-cell infiltration in high-risk paediatric cancer

Author

Mayoh, Chelsea, primary, Gifford, Andrew J, additional, Terry, Rachael, additional, Lau, Loretta MS, additional, Wong, Marie, additional, Rao, Padmashree, additional, Shai-Hee, Tyler, additional, Saletta, Federica, additional, Khuong-Quang, Dong-Anh, additional, Qin, Vicky, additional, Mateos, Marion, additional, Meyran, Deborah, additional, Miller, Katherine E, additional, Yuksel, Aysen, additional, Mould, Emily VA, additional, Bowen-James, Rachael, additional, Govender, Dinisha, additional, Senapati, Akanksha, additional, Zhukova, Nataliya, additional, Omer, Natacha, additional, Dholaria, Hetal, additional, Alvaro, Frank, additional, Tapp, Heather, additional, Diamond, Yonatan, additional, Pozza, Luciano Dalla, additional, Moore, Andrew S, additional, Nicholls, Wayne, additional, Gottardo, Nicholas G, additional, McCowage, Geoffrey, additional, Hansford, Jordan R, additional, Khaw, Seong-Lin, additional, Wood, Paul J, additional, Catchpoole, Daniel, additional, Cottrell, Catherine E, additional, Mardis, Elaine R, additional, Marshall, Glenn M, additional, Tyrrell, Vanessa, additional, Haber, Michelle, additional, Ziegler, David S, additional, Vittorio, Orazio, additional, Trapani, Joseph A, additional, Cowley, Mark J, additional, Neeson, Paul J, additional, and Ekert, Paul G, additional

Published
2022
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33. Establishing Equivalent Aerobic Exercise Parameters Between Early-Stage Parkinson’s Disease and Pink1 Knockout Rats

Author

Salvatore, Michael F., primary, Soto, Isabel, additional, Kasanga, Ella A., additional, James, Rachael, additional, Shifflet, Marla K., additional, Doshier, Kirby, additional, Little, Joel T., additional, John, Joshia, additional, Alphonso, Helene M., additional, Cunningham, J. Thomas, additional, and Nejtek, Vicki A., additional

Published
2022
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36. Quantification of CO2 removal in a large-scale enhanced weathering field trial on an oil palm plantation in Sabah, Malaysia

Author

Larkin, Christina S., primary, Andrews, M. Grace, additional, Pearce, Christopher R., additional, Yeong, Kok L., additional, Beerling, David J., additional, Bellamy, Joshua, additional, Benedick, Suzan, additional, Freckleton, Robert P., additional, Goring-Harford, Heather, additional, Sadekar, Satyam, additional, and James, Rachael H., additional

Published
2022
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38. Impact of shallow‐water hydrothermal seepage on benthic biogeochemical cycling, nutrient availability, and meiobenthic communities in a tropical coral reef

Author

Lichtschlag, Anna, Braeckman, Ulrike, Guilini, Katja, Ahmerkamp, Soeren, James, Rachael H., de Beer, Dirk, Lichtschlag, Anna, Braeckman, Ulrike, Guilini, Katja, Ahmerkamp, Soeren, James, Rachael H., and de Beer, Dirk

Abstract

We investigated the influence of high-CO2 hydrothermal seepage on element cycling, early diagenetic processes, and meiobenthic communities in sediments of a coral reef in Papua New Guinea. Based on fluid flow velocities, determined from temperature gradients, and element concentrations, the solute fluxes from the seeps were estimated, showing that seepage through sediments can be a source of nutrients but also of potentially toxic elements to the reef ecosystem. The sediment pore waters consisted of up to 36% hydrothermal fluids, enriched in As, Si, Li, Mn, Fe, Rb, and Cs relative to ambient seawater. During their ascent to the seabed, the acidic fluids reacted with the sediments, leading to increases in total alkalinity, nutrients, and alkali elements in the fluids. Mixing of hydrothermal fluids with seawater within the sediments lead to precipitation of redox-reactive species, including Fe-oxides, but the sediment pore waters were still a source of trace metals to the water column. Presence of the low-pH fluids in the sediments resulted in dissolution of sedimentary carbonates and left behind finer-grained volcanoclastic sands containing As, Cr, and Ni in concentrations toxic to biota. These finer-grained sediments had a reduced permeability, reducing the rate of remineralization of organic matter. Benthic meiofauna and nematode abundance and functional diversity were relatively lower at sites with hydrothermal seepage through the sediment. As benthic and pelagic processes are tightly coupled, it is likely that the changes in benthic biogeochemical processes due to sediment acidification will also affect epibenthic and pelagic communities.

Published
2022

39. Quantification of CO2 removal in a large-scale enhanced weathering field trial on an oil palm plantation in Sabah, Malaysia

Author

Larkin, Christina S., Andrews, M. Grace, Pearce, Christopher R., Yeong, Kok L., Beerling, David J., Bellamy, Joshua, Benedick, Suzan, Freckleton, Robert P., Goring-Harford, Heather, Sadekar, Satyam, James, Rachael H., Larkin, Christina S., Andrews, M. Grace, Pearce, Christopher R., Yeong, Kok L., Beerling, David J., Bellamy, Joshua, Benedick, Suzan, Freckleton, Robert P., Goring-Harford, Heather, Sadekar, Satyam, and James, Rachael H.

Abstract

Modeling studies show that large-scale deployment of enhanced rock weathering on croplands has the potential to reduce levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide by the end of the century. There is, however, a pressing need to verify model predictions through long-term field trials. Here we report results from the first 3 years of an ongoing enhanced weathering field trial, carried out on an oil palm plantation in Sabah, Malaysia. Crushed silicate rock was applied to three hydrologically isolated catchments, and three adjacent (paired) reference catchments were left untreated. The drawdown of atmospheric CO2 was quantified via the export of alkalinity in stream waters and changes in soil carbonate content. The amended and reference catchments were found to have a similar extent of CO2 drawdown via alkalinity export [respectively, 3.8 ± 0.8 (1 SD) and 3.7 ± 0.6 (1 SD) tCO2 ha−1] when all catchments were averaged over the study period (October 2018 to July 2021). However, differences were observed between the different catchment pairs (plots): two of the plots displayed a similar extent of CO2 removal for both the amended and reference catchments, but the third amended catchment had a higher extent of CO2 removal of ~1 tCO2 ha−1 relative to its adjacent reference catchment. The difference in CO2 removal rates determined for this plot can likely be attributed to increased weathering of silicate minerals in the amended catchment. Soil carbonate concentrations were on average < 0.2 wt% CaCO3, but we report a small increase of ~0.03 wt% CaCO3 in the top 30 cm of soil in the amended soils relative to the reference catchments. The magnitude of CO2 drawdown via alkalinity export determined for these agricultural catchments is around an order of magnitude higher than in natural forested catchments in Sabah and similar to that of basaltic catchments. We show that these high weathering rates are primarily driven by weathering of carbonate fertilizers. The data presented from this fie

Published
2022

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