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Background: In India, the absence of formal training in geriatric dentistry and the lack of recognition of it as a speciality contributes to the deterioration of oral health in the older adults. India lacks specific oral healthcare policies for older adults. Additionally, caregivers' perspective in old age homes regarding oral healthcare services remains underexplored, necessitating further studies in this context. Methods: A mixed method study was conducted, and the quantitative component focused on assessing the oral health status of institutionalized older adults and caregivers' perceptions using a questionnaire. The qualitative part evaluates caregivers' perceptions of providing oral healthcare services for older adults through in-depth interviews. Results: Mean DMFT among institutionalized older adults was 15.52±8.23. More than 50% of caregivers perceived that the oral health status of institutionalized older adults was fair. Barriers to oral health services include autonomy, difficulty in traveling, lack of financial support, lack of knowledge and time. Approaches to enhancing oral health services for institutionalized older adults include oral health education for older adults and their caregivers, monthly dental visits to the institution, utilization of portable dental chair services, collaboration with dental colleges/dental clinics, distribution of oral health education materials, and provision of oral hygiene aids. Conclusion: Findings from our study indicate the need to collaborate with dental institutions to provide oral health services in old age homes, to improve the oral health status of older adults and caregivers' knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Literacy in oral health is essential for promoting and preventing oral health issues. Evaluating oral health literacy enables the identification of opportunities to implement interventions at both policy and practice levels, aiming to improve oral health outcomes for individuals and populations. This review aims to conduct a systematic review focused on the association between oral health literacy and oral conditions. Materials and Methods: The search strategy aimed to retrieve both published and unpublished literature. The databases searched include PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, CINAHL, ProQuest, EBSCO-APA PsycInfo, and Shodhganga. After the search, all retrieved citations were examined to determine whether they meet the inclusion requirements. When possible, quantitative data was combined and analysed through a meta-analysis. The methodological validity of the included studies was critically evaluated using the JBI critical evaluation tool. The effect size was provided as a risk ratio or odds ratio for dichotomous data, while standard mean differences was used to depict it for continuous data. Statistics were used to evaluate study heterogeneity. In cases where statistical pooling is not possible, the findings were reported descriptively. Results: This review incorporated data from 9,044 participants across 22 crosssectional studies. The results indicated an association between inadequate oral health literacy and individuals experiencing dental caries [OR: 0.36(95% CI 0.15, 0.89) Thirteen studies, 4857 participants], Periodontal pocket [OR: 0.38 (95% CI 0.24, 0.62) five studies, 2651 participants], and tooth loss [OR: 0.57(95% CI 0.45, 0.72) 2 studies, 1281 participants]. However, it's important to note that the studies included in this review were identified as having a high risk of methodological bias. Conclusion: Oral health Literacy is associated with poor oral health conditions; however, the quality of evidence is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the case of a Doberman Pinscher dog with cardiomyopathy. The dog presented to the veterinary hospital with anorexia, abduction of limbs and abdominal distention. Following laboratory examinations, electrocardiography and echocardiography, the animal was diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy. The dog was treated with Lignocaine, Furosemide, Ceftiofur sodium, and Enalapril. Levothyroxine was also introduced to treat hypothyroidism in the animal.

The article describes the clinical management of diabetic ketoacidosis in a seven-year old Lhasa Apso female dog. The researchers obtained results from clinical examination, wet blood film and fecal sample examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), abdominal ultrasonography and echocardiography conducted on the dog. Findings showed haemotobiochemical estimations, confirming diabetic ketoacidosis. Treatment on the dog included physiological saline, dextrose solution, and insulin dosage.