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The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of a combination of several mycorrhizal and bacterial biostimulants, applied before and after planting, on the ‘Clery’ strawberry’s performance. Vegetative and reproductive parameters (the number of crowns per plant, root/canopy weight and dimensions, the number of fruits per plant, individual fruit weight, and fruit yield per plant) were monitored on nine harvest dates. Additionally, external and internal fruit quality (firmness, color, soluble solids content, and primary and secondary metabolites) was determined. The application of product combinations resulted in significantly improved vegetative growth, fruit dimensions, and fruit weight. Consequently, more than 30% higher yields were determined for the treated plants. A minor decrease in vitamin C (approx. 6%), total individual sugars (approx. 10%), organic acids (approx. 9%), and total phenolics (approx. 7%) was detected in the treated plants, but the differences were not uniform during the harvest. The accumulation of anthocyanins was least affected by product application, and the fruit exhibited comparable color characteristics, which is important for the consumers. The use of biostimulants in intense strawberry production is justified as the products improve the vegetative development of strawberry plants, which produce significantly more marketable fruit. Nasl. z nasl. zaslona. Opis vira z dne 10. 7. 2023. Bibliografija: str. 17-18. Abstract.

The present study was designed to characterise and quantify the major phenolic constituents in healthy leaves and leaves infected with Xanthomonas campestris pv. juglandis. A comparison among six different cultivars: 'Fernor', 'Fernette', 'Franquette', 'Rubina', 'Sava' and 'Krka', with the same agricultural, geographical and climatic conditions, was made. Liquid chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS/MS) was used to identify and quantify the compounds. A total of 52 compounds were identified based on mass spectra and literature. Among them, 15 hydroxycinnamic acids, 6 flavanols, 2 flavones, 22 flavonols and 7 naphthoquinones were identified. Two flavones and three naphthoquinones were reported for the first time in J. regia leaves. In addition, two naphthoquinones, which are reported to play an active role in the process of juglone formation, were confirmed in all six cultivars. In the process of MS fragmentation, compounds were fragmented up to MS$^6$ fragments and in some cases both MS$^2$ fragments were further fragmented, providing comprehensive data. Total analysed phenolic content (TAPC) and total phenolic content (TPC) concentrations were higher in infected leaves, suggesting that phenols play a major role in plant defence. In the case of walnut bacterial blight, the contents of flavanols and total hydroxycinnamic acids were higher in infected leaves in all cultivars, suggesting that they could play a key role in a plant’s response to this economically important disease.

The polyphagous brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys Stål.) is an important pest in many countries. Recently it was noticed that it can feed on and cause damage to strawberries (Fragaria xananassa Duch.). The metabolic response of strawberries to brown marmorated stink bug attacks was studied. Brown marmorated stink bugs attacked strawberry fruit which had 18% lower total sugar content compared to that of the control treatment. However, organic acid content had no significant difference among the three treatments, with the exception of shikimic acid, which had the highest content in the attacked fruit. Thirty-one phenolic compounds were identified. Results showed a strong effect on secondary metabolites due to H. halys attacks. Halyomorpha halys treatment had 27% higher total analyzed phenolic content compared to the indirect Halyomorpha halys treatment. The brown marmorated stink bug significantly increased total ellagic acid derivatives (33.1% to 37% higher), hydroxycinnamic acids (22.3% higher) and anthocyanins’ (39% higher) contents. Fruit attacked by Halyomorpha halys also had higher catechin and epicatechin content than that of the control treatments. This pest had a significant influence on the plant’s secondary metabolism, and this improved our understanding of how a strawberry plant reacts to the attacks of this very important pest. H. halys-infested fruit are not suitable for commercial production, due to the production of off-flavors.

Listni ohrovt (Brassica oleracea L.) spada v družino križnic in je dvoletna rastlina, ki se jo goji po vsem svetu. Priljubljen je zaradi nezahtevnosti za gojenje, saj uspeva tudi na manj rodovitnih tleh in je toleranten na nizke temperature. Pomemben je v prehrani, saj so listi bogati s hranili in bioaktivnimi snovmi, kot so vitamini, minerali, glukozinolati in fenolne spojine. V magistrski nalogi smo želeli identificirati in kvantificirati vsebnosti sladkorjev in glukozinolatov v rastlinah listnega ohrovta in ugotoviti kakšne so razlike v vsebnosti le-teh med različnimi genskimi viri listnega ohrovta. Prav tako smo poskušali ugotoviti ali obstajajo razlike v vsebnosti sladkorjev in glukozinolatov pri nepozeblih in pozeblih rastlinah. Ugotovili smo, da so vsi genski viri listnega ohrovta vsebovali štiri sladkorje, in sicer saharozo, glukozo, fruktozo in galaktozo. Vsebnosti sladkorjev so se značilno razlikovale med pozeblimi in ne pozeblimi rastlinami. Vsebnost skupnih sladkorjev pred pozebo je bila od 201,2 do 338,1 g/kg suhe mase (DW), po pozebi pa od 223,9 do 388,3 g/kg DW. Identificirali smo enajst glukozinolatov, ki smo jih razdelili v tri skupine. Med alifatskimi glukozinolati so bili prisotni glukobrasikanapin, sinigrin, glukonapin, glukoiberin ter glukorafanin in progoitrin pri katerima je bila vsebnost pod mejo detekcije. Med indolnimi glukozinolati so bili prisotni glukobrasicin, 4-hidroksiglukobrasicin, 4-metoksiglukobrasicin in neoglukobrasicin, pri katerem so bile vsebnosti pod mejo detekcije. Med aromatskimi glukozinolati je bil prisoten glukonasturtiin. Vsebnosti večine glukozinolatov so se pri ne pozeblih in pozeblih rastlinah značilno razlikovale, pri nekaterih genskih virih listnega ohrovta pa razlik med ne pozeblimi in pozeblimi rastlinami ni bilo mogoče dokazati. Leafy kale (Brassica oleracea L.) is a biannual leafy vegetable, of the Brassicacea family that is cultivated all over the world. It is popular for it`s undemanding cultivation, as it can even be grown on less fertile soil and is tolerant on low temperatures and frost. Leafy kale is important nutritional food, because it is rich in nutrients and bioactive substances as vitamins, minerals, glucosinolates and phenolic compounds. In the Master`s thesis, we wanted to identify sugars and glucosinolates in leafy kale plants and to determine the differences in their content among different leafy kale genetic resources. We also tried to find out if there are differences in the content of sugars and glucosinolates among plants grown in optimal conditions and plants exposed to frost. We found out that all genetic resources of leafy kale contained four sugars: sucrose, glucose, fructose and galactose. Sugar content significantly differed between frosted and non-frosted plants. Total sugar content was from 201,2 to 338,1 g/kg dry weight (DW) before frost and from 223,9 to 388,3 g/kg DW after frost. We identified eleven glucosinolates, which were divided into three groups. Glucobrassicanapin, sinigrin, gluconapin, glucoiberin, glucoraphanin and progoitrin were present among the aliphatic glucosinolates. Glucobrassicin, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin and neoglucobrassicin were presented among the indole glucosinolates and gluconasturtiin was presentend among aromatic glucosinolates. The contents of most glucosinolates significantly differed among non-frosted and frosted plants, however for some glucosinolates the difference between non-frosted and frosted palnts could not ne demonstrated.

V raziskavi, ki smo jo izvedli v okolici Novega mesta, smo se osredotočili na spreminjanje rastlinske pestrosti in razloge za to v obhišnih vrtovih. Poudarek smo dali vrtovom ob hišah na podeželju. Obiskali smo nekaj več kot dvajset vrtov, na podlagi katerih smo ocenili značilnosti le-teh v opazovanem okolju. Natančno smo popisali in fotografirali osem od njih. Popisali smo štiri sodobne in štiri starejše vrtove. V povprečju je velikost vrtov v okolici Novega mesta od 800 do 1.600 m², pri le redkih manjša in pri nekaterih večja. Z metodo raziskovanja, pogovorov in fotografij na terenu smo ugotovili, da so vrtovi iz prve polovice prejšnjega stoletja v celosti ohranjeni le še na muzejskih domačijah. V vrtovih iz 2. pol. 20. stol. smo opazili, da so stare vrste in sorte kombinirane z novejšimi, tujimi. Najnovejši vrtovi so skromnejši glede zastopanosti različnih rastlinskih vrst, tisti iz osemdesetih let prejšnjega stoletja pa včasih celo prebogati. V sodobnih prevladujejo vednozeleni iglavci in listavci, večinoma v obliki nižjih grmov. V starejših vrtovih prevladujejo cvetoče trajnice, kombinirane s sadnim drevjem, zelenjadnicami, zelišči, okrasnimi visokimi in nizkimi grmi ter drevesi. Vrtove v vseh primerih dopolnjuje trata, v večini primerov še kakšen nižji grm, vinska trta, zelenjavni vrt z osnovno zelenjavo in prostor za druženje. Kjer imajo pri hiši otroke, smo na vrtu opazili otroška igrala, na kmetijah tudi hlev, drvarnico, čebelnjak. In the present research on private gardens near Novo mesto we focused on determining temporal changes in plant diversity and the reasons for these events. We focused on countryside gardens. We visited around twenty gardens, but we monitored the vegetation in eight. Half of these gardens were planted at the end of the 20th century and the other half were planted more recently. Average size private gardens near Novo Mesto ranged between 800 to 1,600 m², only a few were smaller or bigger. With method of research, conversations and photography on field we discovered, that gardens from the first half of the 20th century remain completely preserved only in form of museum homesteads. In gardens from the 2nd half of the 20th century we noticed a combination of older plant varieties with modern or foreign ones. The most recent gardens are more modest in plant varieties, while those from the 1980s are rich. In modern gardens, there are evergreen conifers and deciduous trees, mostly small shrubs. Older gardens are dominated by flowering perennials in combination with fruit trees, vegetables, herbs, ornamental shrubs of various heights and trees. Gardens always include turf, and in most cases smaller shrubs, grapevines, a vegetable garden with basic vegetables and a place for socializing. In households with kids, we noticed children's playgrounds, on farms barns, woodsheds, beehives and other elements are common.

Sivka (Lavandula sp.) je vednozelena rastlina iz družine Lamiaceae (ustnatice) izvorno iz območij Sredozemlja, ima značilen habitus polgrma. Najbolj poznani vrsti iz rodu Lavandula sta prava sivka (Lavandula angustifolia) in lavandin (Lavandula × intermedia). Njena pridelava je dandanes močno razširjena zaradi eteričnih olj, ki se tvorijo na površini cvetov, listov in stebel v žleznih trihomih. V eteričnih oljih se nahaja širok spekter kemičnih spojin, kot so monoterpenoidi, seskviterpenoidi in drugi terpenoidi, in ta pestrost vzbuja veliko zanimanje tako med pridelovalci kot v industriji. Za največjo kakovost in količino eteričnih olj, ki jih pridobimo iz sivke, je potrebno poznavanje dejavnikov, ki lahko vplivajo na to. Količina in sestava eteričnih olj je pogojena z izborom primerne sorte, saj mora le-ta dobro uspevati na željenem območju, kjer so ključne vremenske razmere s količino padavin in temperaturami, in temu je potrebno prilagoditi tudi način gojenja. Obenem pa ne gre zanemariti niti časa žetve, ki je odvisen od fenofaze rastline in izbora načina destilacije, ki bo omogočil kar največje količine pridobljenega eteričnega olja. Lavender (Lavandula sp.) is an evergreen plant from the Lamiaceae family, native to the Mediterranean region. It has a typical semi-shrub habitus. The best-known species from the genus Lavandula are true lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and lavandin (Lavandula × intermedia). Today, its cultivation is widespread due to its essential oils that form on the surface of flowers, leaves and stems in glandular trichomes. A wide range of chemical compounds such as monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids and other terpenoids are found in essential oils, and this diversity is of great interest to both growers and industry. To reach maximum quality and quantity of essential oils obtained from lavender, it is necessary to recognize the factors affecting it. The amount and composition of essential oils is conditioned by the selection of a suitable species, since it has to grow well in the desired area, where the weather conditions with the amount of precipitation and temperatures are of key importance. The cultivation method also has to be adapted accordingly. Moreover, the harvest time cannot be neglected, because it depends on the phenophase of the plant, as well as selection of the distillation method, because it will allow the maximum amount of essential oil to be obtained.

Vremenski ekstremi lahko na rastline negativno vplivajo, zato se morajo tudi pridelovalci hortikulturnih rastlin temu prilagoditi. Ena izmed prilagoditev je tudi uporaba protitočnih mrež. Z njihovo pomočjo rastline varujemo pred poškodbami zaradi toče in sončnih ožigov. Barva protitočnih mrež pa lahko vpliva na rast in razvoj rastlin. V magistrski nalogi smo ugotavljali, kako uporabna protitočnih mrež vpliva na rastline iz rodu Heuchera, s slovenskim imenom iskrivke. S pomočjo poskusa smo ugotavljali, kako barva mreže vpliva na rast in cvetenje treh sort iskrivk ter vsebnost plastidnih pigmentov in fenolnih spojin. Poskus smo izvedli v štirih obravnavanjih, kjer smo iskrivke pokrili z zeleno, črno in modro mrežo, kontrola pa mreže ni imela. Povprečna dnevna temperatura v jasnih in oblačnih dnevih je bila pod modro mrežo večja kot pod črno. Oranžna sorta 'Kassandra' je imela največji volumen rastline pod modro in črno mrežo, vijolična sorta 'Shanghai' je bila večja pod črno mrežo, zelena 'Lime Marmalade' pa pod črno in zeleno mrežo. Na število socvetij mreže niso imele vpliva. Najmanj svetlobe je prepuščala modra mreža, to smo dokazali z meritvami PPFD in meritvami spektra. V primerjavi s kontrolnimi rastlinami so imele rastline pod barvnimi mrežami večjo vsebnost plastidnih pigmentov. Določili smo 27 fenolov, ki smo jih razdelili v 5 skupin. Največ fenolov je bilo v rastlinah pod modro mrežo. Weather extremes can have negative effects on plants. Growers of horticultural crops need to be prepared. They use shade nets to protect plants from damage caused by hail and sunburn. The color of shade nets can affect plant growth and development. Heuchere are perennial plants. In a three-year experiment, we found out how color affects the growth and flowering of three species of heucheras, as well as the content of plastid pigments and phenolic compounds. The experiment was conducted in four treatments where we covered the Heucheras with green, black and blue netting, the control had no netting. The higher daytime temperature on clear and cloudy days was higher under the blue net than under the black one. Plants of orange cultivar 'Cassandra' were tallest under the blue net in the black net, purple cultivar 'Shanghai' was taller underthe black net, green 'Lime Marmalade' was tallest under the black net in the green net. The nets had no effect on flowering. The blue net transmitted the least amount of light, as indicated by PPFD measurements and spectrum measurements. The content of carotenoids was higher in the plants under the nets. We detected 27 different phenolic compounds and classified them into 5 groups. The content of phenolics was higher in the plants under the blue net.

Na pridelavo kakovostnih in dobro ukoreninjenih potaknjencev okrasnih rastlin, kamor spadajo tudi pelargonije, vplivajo naslednji dejavniki: genetski potencial, stanje matičnih rastlin, skladiščenje in transport potaknjencev, endogeni dejavniki (vsebnost ogljikovih hidratov, razmerje C/N ...) in okoljske razmere. V magistrski nalogi smo spremljali kakovost potaknjencev štirih različnih sort pelargonij ('Acapulco', 'Calliope Dark Red', 'Tango Dark Red' in 'Ville de Paris Red') glede na čas njihove dostave v vrtnarijo. Ugotoviti smo želeli ali različni termini dostave vplivajo na razlike v vsebnosti enostavnih sladkorjev (fruktoze, glukoze, saharoze) v potaknjencih ter kakšna je potem uspešnost koreninjenja. Preverili smo tudi ali lahko merjenje vsebnosti sladkorjev z refraktometrom uporabimo kot poceni in hitro metodo za oceno kakovosti potaknjencev. Vsebnost izbranih sladkorjev smo izmerili s pomočjo tekočinske kromatografije visoke ločljivosti, pri ocenjevanju ukoreninjenosti pa smo si pomagali z boniturno shemo. Raziskava je pokazala, da je termin dostave vplival na vsebnost skupnih sladkorjev pri vseh 4 sortah, vendar je v nasprotju s pričakovanji povprečna vsebnost skupnih sladkorjev s terminom dostave upadala in ne naraščala (največjo vsebnost smo izmerili v prvem terminu dostave). Uspešnost koreninjenja se je z vsakim naslednjim terminom izboljševala, pri vseh sortah so se najbolje ukoreninili potaknjenci iz petega termina dostave, najslabše pa tisti iz prvega. Ugotovili smo tudi, da lahko metodo merjenja vsebnosti suhe topne snovi (°Brix) uporabimo za napoved vsebnosti sladkorjev, ne omogoči pa nam predvideti kakovosti potaknjencev. The quality of rooting of ornamental plant cuttings, is influenced by several factors. Most important are: genetic potential, condition of stock plants, storage and transport of cuttings, endogenous factors (carbohydrate content, C / N ratio ...) and environ-mental conditions. In this master`s thesis we researched how different delivery times influence the carbohydrate content (fructose, glucose, sucrose) in cuttings of 4 dif-ferent varieties of geranium ('Acapulco', 'Calliope Dark Red', 'Tango Dark Red' and 'Ville de Paris Red') and how this affects the rooting performance. We also checked if measuring the sugar content with a refractometer could be used as a cheap and fast method for assessing the quality of cuttings. Selected carbohydrates in cuttings were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and we used a visual scale to assess adventitious root growth of cuttings. The statistical analysis of the results showed that the delivery time affected the total sugar content in all 4 varieties, but contrary to expectations, the average total sugar content decreased with the de-livery date not increased as we expected. The highest content of sugars was measured at the first delivery date. Statistical analysis also showed that the quality of rooting has increased with every delivery, the best quality of rooting was observed at the fifth delivery date (at all 4 varieties) and the worst quality of rooting was observed at the first delivery date. We also found out that measuring the sugar content with a refrac-tometer does not allow us to predict the quality of cuttings.

Jablana (Malus × domestica Borkh.) je sadna vrsta, ki cveti konec aprila in v začetku maja, vendar se ta čas zaradi toplih pomladi pomika vse bolj proti začetku aprila. Če nastopi zmrzal, smo lahko ob ves pridelek, zato se priporoča uporaba sredstva za krepitev rastlin. Leta 2019 smo v Hortikulturnem centru Biotehniške fakultete, Univerze v Ljubljani, na jablani sorte 'Opal' analizirali vpliv pripravka Phylgreen (ekstrakta iz morskih alg Ascophyllum nodosum) in Novagib (giberelini) na pridelek ter kakovost plodov jablane. Na izbranih plodovih smo merili prirast. Ob tehnološki zrelosti smo vse plodove obrali, jih umestili v ustrezni kakovostni razred, prešteli in stehtali. V laboratoriju smo izbranim plodovom izmerili višino, širino in maso. Iz vsakega obravnavanja smo izbrali po 20 plodov, na katerih smo izvedli zrelostne teste (masa, barva, trdota, topna suha snov, škrobni test) in s sistemom tekočinske kromatografije visoke ločljivosti (HPLC) določili vsebnost posameznih in skupnih sladkorjev in organskih kislin ter spektrofotometrično vsebnost skupnih fenolov. Po skladiščenju smo ponovno analizirali plodove in rezultate med sabo primerjali. Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is a fruit species that blooms in late April and in the beginning of May, but this time, due to the warm springs, is moving more and more towards the beginning of April. Later, however, frost occurs, due to which it can take the whole crop. Therefore, we have the ability to use plant strengthening agents. In 2019, at the Horticultural Centre of the Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, on the apple variety 'Opal', we analysed the effect of Phylgreen (seaweed extract Ascophyllum nodosum) and Novagib (gibberellins) on yield and quality of apple fruit. We measured growth of selected fruit. At technological maturity, we harvested all the fruit, placed them in quality classes, counted and weighed them. In the laboratory, we measured the height, width and weight of the selected fruits. From each treatment we selected 20 fruit on which we performed maturity tests (weight, colour, flesh firmness, soluble solids, starch test) and by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) the content of individual and total sugars and organic acids, and the spectrophotometric content of total phenols. After storage, the analyses were repeated and the results compared.

Leta 2018 in 2019 smo na Orehovcu v kraju Pišece izvedli primerjavo med sejanci orehov in sortama orehov 'Parisienne' in 'Franquette'. Želeli smo ugotoviti, kako se razlikujejo v lastnostih dreves (obseg debla, višina in širina, bujnost rasti, habitus, prirast mladik, brstenje, odpad listja, cvetenje moških in ženskih cvetov, količina moških in ženskih cvetov, način tvorbe plodov, rodnost, zorenje plodov, izpadanje zrelih plodov iz zelene lupine, odpornost proti zimski in spomladanski pozebi in odpornost na bolezni) in lastnostih plodov (indeks okroglosti plodov, masa ploda, površina in debelina luščine, spojenost luščine na šivu, masa jedrca, barva in okus jedrca). Poskus je potekal na 0,5 ha površine, na 39 % naklonu terena. Izbrali smo 10 dreves, pet starih, starih okoli 30 let in pet mladih, starih okoli 10 let. Pri vsakem drevesu smo opazovali lastnosti dreves in plodov. Lastnosti plodov smo primerjali s sortama 'Parisienne' in 'Franquette', ki smo ju prejeli iz proizvodnega nasada v Kapelah pri Brežicah. Z vsakega drevesa smo vzeli 20 plodov, katere smo uporabili za spremljanje parametrov in primerjavo z referenčnima sortama. Ugotovili smo, da je bil pridelek pri starih sejancih večji kot pri mladih. Masa ploda in jedrca pri vseh sejancih je bila najbolj podobna masi plodov sorte 'Parisienne'. Barva jedrca je bila v večini rumenkasta, tako kot pri sorti 'Parisienne'. Okus jedrc je bil boljši pri plodovih mlajših sejancev. In 2018 and 2019, we made a comparison between walnut seedlings and walnut varieties 'Parisienne' and 'Franquette' in Orehovec in Pišece. We were looking for differences in tree characteristics (trunk size, height and width, growth, habit, sapling growth, bud-breaking time, leaf fall, flowering of male and female blossoms, quantity of male and female blossoms, fruit-bearing type, fertility, fruit ripening, green husk dehiscence, resistance to winter and spring frost and disease resistance) and fruit properties (fruit roundness index, fruit weight, surface area and thickness of the shell, fusion of the shell at the seam, core weight, color and taste of the kernel). The experiment took place on 0.5 ha of surface, on a 39% slope of the terrain. We selected 10 trees. 5 of them were about 30 years old and 5 of them were about 10 years old. In each tree, we observed the properties of the trees and fruits. The characteristics of the fruit were compared with the varieties 'Parisienne' and 'Franquette', which we received from commercial orchard in Kapele near Brežice. We took 20 fruits from each tree, which we used to monitor the parameters and compared them with the reference varieties. We found out that the crop was higher in old seedlings. The fruit and kernel weight of all seedlings was most similar to that of the 'Parisienne' variety. The color of the kernel was mostly yellowish as in the 'Parisienne' variety. The taste of the kernels was better in the fruits of younger seedlings.

Leta 2017 je bil zasnovan nasad, sestavljen iz dveh delov v zavarovanem prostoru in na prostem s protitočno mrežo, pri katerem smo želeli ugotoviti kako zavarovan prostor vpliva na rast in razvoj ter nekatere lastnosti plodov, treh sort ameriških borovnic (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) 'Duke', 'Aurora' in Brigitta'. Poskus je potekal v loncih in na grebenih, kjer je bilo skupno posajenih 164 grmov. Spomladi in jeseni 2019 smo grmom prešteli poganjke, izmerili višino in širino ter izračunali prostornino. Najbolj je izstopala sorta 'Brigitta', ki je imela največjo in tudi najmanjšo prostornino grma. Od junija do septembra 2019 smo v razmaku približno enega tedna v 12. obiranjih obrali plodove, jih prešteli, stehtali, izmerili barvo in trdoto. Pri fenološkem opazovanju smo ugotovili zgodnost sort, ki si sledijo: 'Duke', 'Brigitta' in 'Aurora'. Pridelek je bil večji na prostem kot v zavarovanem prostoru, vendar je bil v zavarovanem prostoru vsaj za 1 do 3 tedne zgodnejši, odvisno od sorte. Največji pridelek med sortami je imela sorta 'Aurora' na prostem v loncih in hkrati najmanjši v zavarovanem prostoru v loncih, zaradi poznega zorenja, visokih temperatur in izpada pridelka. Parametri obarvanosti so bili v skladu s pričakovanji. Parametra a* in b* sta bila negativna, raztezala sta se v območju zelene in modre barve. Pri sorti 'Aurora' in 'Brigitta' je intenzivnost modre barve od prvih proti zadnjim terminom postopoma padala. Pri sorti 'Duke' pa sprva naraščala in nato padala. Največjo trdoto plodov je imela sorta 'Duke'. In 2017 a two-part plantation was created in a protected enviroment and in a open field covered with a anti hailnet, where we wanted to find out how the protected enviroment (plastic high tunnel) influences the growth and development and some characteristics of the fruit, three cultivars of highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) 'Duke', 'Aurora' and 'Brigitta'. In both growing regimes half ot the plants were planted in pots and other half of plants on ridges, a total of 164 bushes were planted. In spring and autumn 2019 we counted the shoots on the bushes, measured the height and width and calculated the volume. Variable results were achieved at 'Brigitta', which had the largest and at the smallest volume of the bush, depending on treatment. From June to September 2019 in 12 harvests at intervals of about a week were performed, counted them, weighed the fruits, measured the color and firmness. Phenological observation revealed the earliness of the following cultivars: 'Duke', 'Brigitta' and 'Aurora'. The yields were higher in the open field than in the protected enviroment, where they started to ripen at least 1 to 3 weeks earlier depending on the cultivar. The biggest yield among the cultivars had 'Aurora' in the open field in pots and at the same time the lowest in the protected enviroment in pots, due to late ripening, high temperatures and not complete ripening harvests. The coloring parameters were as expected. The parameters a * and b * were negative thus they were in green and blue ranged. For the cultivars 'Aurora' and 'Brigitta' the intensity of the blue color gradually decreased from the first to the last date. In the 'Duke' cultivar, on the other hand, it first increased and then decreased. 'Duke' cultivar had the highest fruit firmness.

V tej diplomski nalogi smo pregledali katere medovite rastline cvetijo kateri mesec, podrobneje smo za vsak mesec opisali rastline, ki rastejo v mojem vrtu v Žetalah, v Sloveniji. Naš namen je bil poiskati primerne rastline, s katerimi bi zagotovili čebelam hrano skozi celo rastno dobo. Cvetenje in obisk čebel pa smo opazovali, da vidimo kdaj se cvetenje v opazovanem vrtu začne in ali čebele res oziroma kdaj najbolj obiskujejo cvetove. Ugotovili smo, da je na izbiro veliko medovitih trajnic skozi celo rastno dobo in da lahko izbiro še dodatno razširimo z zasaditvijo različnih sort rastlin. Več različnih rastlinskih vrst in sort bo prispevalo tudi k uravnoteženi prehrani čebel in drugih opraševalcev. Nekatere rastline so bolj bogate z nektarjem, druge pa s cvetnim prahom, oba sta nujno potrebna za razvoj čebel. Cvetni prah je nujen, da matica zalega. Medičino pa čebele predelajo v med. Zato je pomembno, da zasadimo rastline, ki že v zgodnji pomladi nudijo veliko cvetnega prahu in medičine. S tem pomagamo čebelam, da razvijejo močno družino. Medovite gredice so zelo pomembne tudi v poletnem brezpašnem obdobju, ko odcvetijo travniške rastline in številne vrste medovitih grmovnic in dreves, zato smo izdelali načrt za zasaditev gred z medonosnimi tranjnicami, ki cvetijo v tem delu leta. In this diploma paper we stated when different pollinting plants flower, specifically describing the plants that grow in my garden in Žetale, Slovenija. Our intention was to find suitable plants, which would provide the bees with enough food supply throughout the whole growing season. We observed the flowering process as well as the arrival of bees in order to understand when the flowering process in the observed garden actually begins, whether the bees come to collect the nectar and pollen and when their visits are the most frequent. We have found that throughout the growing season there are many pollinating perennials to choose from and that the selection can be expanded even further by planting different varieties of plants. The variety of different plant species will also contribute to a balanced diet of bees and other pollinators. Some plants are richer in nectar, where others possess a higher amount of pollen, both of which are necessary for the development of bees. Pollen is essential for the queen bee to brood. The nectar is later turned into honey by working bees. That is why it is important to plant flora that provide plenty of pollen and nectar in the early spring. This helps the bees to develop a strong family. Pollinating flower beds are also very important during the summer, when meadow plants and many species of pollinating plants and trees stop blooming.

V raziskavi smo želeli ugotoviti ali matični material in vsebnost enostavnih sladkorjev v potaknjencih vplivata na rast potaknjencev. V poskusu smo uporabili štiri sorte pelargonij: 'Calliope L Dark Red' in 'Tango Dark Red' (pokončni sorti) ter 'Acapulco Cascade' in 'Ville de Paris Rot' (viseči sorti). Poskus je bil izveden v treh terminih, in sicer v 45., 47. in 48. zaporednem tednu leta 2017. Potaknjenci so bili pripeljani iz Kenije in Etiopije ter potaknjeni 8. 11., 22. 11. in 29. 11. 2017 na vrtnariji Picount. V istih terminih smo v laboratoriju Biotehniške fakultete v Ljubljani potaknjencem izmerili svežo maso ter topno suho snov in jih razdelili na dele (listi, steblo, vršiček). Potem smo določili še vsebnost skupnih enostavnih sladkorjev. Povprečna vsebnost sladkorjev je bila pri pokončnih sortah z vsakim terminom manjša, pri visečih sortah pa so se vsebnosti sladkorjev v 48. tednu povečale. Dva tedna po potiku smo ocenjevali ukoreninjenost potaknjencev in ugotovili, da se je najbolje ukoreninila viseča sorta 'Acapulco Cascade' z 72 %, najslabše pa pokončna sorta 'Calliope L Dark Red' s 45 %. Trideset dni po potiku smo ocenjevali prekoreninjenost koreninske grude. Z oceno 3 in 4 sta se najbolje prekoreninili sorti 'Tango Dark Red' in 'Ville de Paris Rot' s 95 %. Viseča sorta 'Acapulco Cascade' se je najbolje ukoreninila, saj je imela tudi največjo vsebnost sladkorjev, kar nam pove, da je vsebnost sladkorjev ključna za boljši razvoj korenin. In the study we wanted to determine whether the growth of the cuttings is influenced by the source material and the sugar content in the cuttings. In the experiment we used four varieties of Pelargonium: 'Calliope L Dark Red' and 'Tango Dark Red' (portrait varieties) and 'Acapulco Cascade' and 'Ville de Paris Rot' (hanging varieties). The experiment was conducted in 2017 on the dates, the 45th, 47th and 48th consecutive weeks in the year. The cuttings were brought to Picount company from Kenya and Ethiopia on 8 November, 22 November and 29 November. On the same days the fresh weight and total soluble solids of the plant material were measured in the laboratory of the Biotehnical Faculty in Ljubljana and divided into plant parts (leaves, stem, tip). Then we determined the sugar content. In the upright varieties the average sugar content was reduced under the sampling data, in the drifing varieties the sugar content was higher in the 48th week. Two weeks after the placing into plug trays we evaluated the rooting of the cuttings and found that the 'Acapulco Cascade', was the best rooted (72%) and the worst 'Calliope L Dark Red' (45%). Thirty days after placing the cuttings in cuttings trays, we evaluated root development. With grades 3 and 4, the best rooting has got varieties 'Tango Dark Red' and 'Ville de Paris Rot' (95%). The hanging variety 'Acapulco Cascade' was best rooted as it also had the highest sugar content, which tells us that the sugar content is key to better root development.

Smilj je rastlina, ki raste na kamnitih, sušnih in peščenih območjih. Njegova uporaba se je zaradi eteričnega olja in fenolnih snovi, ki jih rastlina vsebuje, močno povečala, saj naj bi pozitivno vplivalo na počutje in zdravje ljudi. Pri poskusu smo se osredotočili na vpliv sestave substrata na kakovost sadik smilja. Poskus smo zasnovali s sadikami laškega smilja (Helichrysum italicum), katerega smo razdelili na pincirane in nepincirane sadike. Merili smo višino in premer sadik smilja, prostornino grmička, tehtali svežo in suho maso nadzemnega dela ter ocenili prekoreninjenost koreninske grude. Pri poskusu smo uporabili šoto Neuhaus Humin N3 in perlit, iz katerih smo, iz različnega utežnega deleža, naredili tri substratne mešanice, 100 % šotni substrat, substrat z 80 % šote in 20 % perlita ter substrat s 60 % šote in 40 % perlita. Za posamezen substrat smo namenili 72 sadik smilja, katere smo postavili v rastlinjak Biotehniške fakultete v Ljubljani. Vse sadike smilja smo skozi rastno dobo enako zalivali in vzdrževali. Ker je smilj rastlina, ki ne potrebuje veliko vode, nas je zanimalo katera mešanica substrata najslabše zadržuje vodo. Naredili smo poskus, kjer smo ugotavljali sposobnost substrata za zadrževanje vode in ugotovili, da je substrat, ki najslabše zadržuje vodo, substrat s 60 % šote in 40 % perlita. Z meritvami smo ugotovili, da je za vzgojo sadik najprimernejši substrat, kateremu smo dodali perlit in sicer substrat z 80 % šote in 20 % perlita ter substrat s 60 % šote in 40 % perlita, najmanj primeren pa 100 % šotni substrat. Za ugotavljanje prezimne trdnosti smo sadike smilja posadili na laboratorijsko polje Biotehniške fakultete v Ljubljani in konec koledarske zime ugotovili, da so vse sadike smilja preživele zimo. Curry plants are plants that grows in rocky, arid and sandy areas. Its use has increased significantly due to the essential oil and phenols contained in the plant, as this is expected to have a positive effect on human well-being and health. In the experiment, we focused on the influence of substrate composition on the quality of the seedlings. The experiment was designed with Helichrysum italicum seeds, which were divided into pruned and non pruned seedlings. We measured the height and diameter of the seedlings, the volume of the bush, weighed the fresh and dry weight of the above ground part and evaluated the root lumps. In experiment we used Neuhaus Humin N3 peat and perlite, where we did, from different weight, three substrate mixtures, 100 % peat substrate, 80 % peat and 20 % perlite and substrate with 60 % peat and 40 % perlite. For each substrate we allocated 72 seedlings, which were placed in the greenhouse of the Biotehnical Faculty in Ljubljana. Throughout the growing season we watered and maintained all seedlings equally. Because H. italicum is a plant that does not require much water, we were interested, which substrate mixture retains water the worst. Substrate that retains water the worst in substrate with 60 % peat and 40 % perlite. Measurements have shown that the most appropriate substrate for seedling cultivation is substrate with addition of perlite, the substrate with 80 % peat and 20 % perlite and the substrate with 60 % peat and 40 % perlite, and the least suitable 100 % peat substrate. To determine winter hardiness, we planted the seedlings on the laboratory field of the Biotehnical Faculty in Ljubljana, and at the end of the calendar winter we found that all seedlings survived the winter.

Biodinamično kmetijstvo predstavlja možno alternativo kot trajnostno obliko pridelave hrane. Nekateri vidiki biodinamične metode so predmet razprave, saj ne stojijo na strogih znanstvenih temeljih. Eden takšnih vidikov je uporaba biodinamičnih preparatov. V poskusu smo poskušali ovrednotiti učinek biodinamičnih preparatov 500 in 501 na velikost in maso pridelka izbranih vrtnin. Merili smo maso listov, dolžino listov, maso korenine in premer korenine mesečne redkvice (Raphanus sativus L.) ter višino in maso nadzemnega dela navadne rukvice (Eruca sativa Mill.). Določili smo tudi vsebnost vode v pridelku obeh vrst. Poskus smo izvedli v petih obravnavanjih, pri katerih smo preparate uporabili v različnih kombinacijah. Pri enem obravnavanju smo nanos tudi večkrat ponovili. Ugotavljali smo tudi razlike med uporabo posameznega preparata in uporabo obeh preparatov skupaj. Pri navadni redkvici je bil pridelek vseh tretiranih obravnavanj manjši kot pri kontrolni skupini, pri navadni rukvici pa je imela uporaba preparatov znaten pozitiven učinek na višino in maso pridelka. Pri obeh vrtninah je imela hkratna uporaba obeh preparatov manj izrazit učinek, bodisi negativen ali pozitiven. Vpliv preparatov na delež vode pri obeh izbranih vrtninah je bil zanemarljivo majhen. Iz naših rezultatov je težko ovrednotiti uporabnost biodinamičnih preparatov, zato smo mnenja, da je potrebno izvesti še več podobnih poskusov. Biodynamic agriculture represents a possible sustainable alternative to conventional forms of food production. Some aspects of the biodynamic method are a matter of discussion, because they do not stand on strict scientific foundations. One such aspect is the use of biodynamic preparations. In this experiment, we attempted to evaluate the effects of biodynamic preparations 500 and 501 on the size and weight of crop yields of selected vegetables. We also determined the water content of the crop. The preparations were used in various combinations on arugula or rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) and cultivated radish (Raphanus sativus L.). We also examined differences between the use of each preparation separately and the use of both preparations together. With cultivated radish, the crop yields of all treated groups was lower than in the control group, and in the case of rocket, the use of the preparations had a significant positive effect on the amount of crop yield. For both vegetables, the effect of combined use of both preparations was less pronounced, either negatively or positively. The influence of these preparations on the water content in both selected vegetables was negligibly small. Based on our results it is difficult to evaluate the usefulness of biodynamic preparations, and we therefore believe that more similar experiments should be carried out.

Pelargonije so v Sloveniji ene izmed najbolj priljubljenih okrasnih rastlin, ki za svojo rast potrebujejo sončno do polsončno lego. Tekom zgodovine so gojitelji s pomočjo križanja dosegli veliko pestrost sort, zato jih posledično lahko kupimo v različnih barvah. V grobem jih delimo na pet večjih skupin. Poleg okrasne vrednosti pa pelargonije vsebujejo tudi mnogo sekundarnih metabolitov, ki skrbijo za obarvanost cvetov in značilen vonj pelargonij. Sekundarne metabolite delimo na terpene, fenole in dušik vsebujoče spojine. Znotraj pelargonij so do sedaj odkrili terpene in fenole, o dušik vsebujočih spojin pa ne poročajo. Med terpeni sta najbolj zastopana geraniol in citronelol. Od fenolov so v pelargonijah najbolj zastopani flavonoidi, od njih v večjih količinah izokvercetin, rutin, hiperozid in klorogenska kislina. Eterična olja in hidrolate, pridobljene iz pelargonij, se uporablja v kozmetični, agronomski, prehrambeni in farmacevtski industriji. Dokazano delujejo antifungicidno, antibakterijsko, antikancerogeno in antioksidativno. Pozitivne učinke izvlečkov pelargonije so poznali že v zgodovini, zato so jih uporabljali za zdravljenje diareje, ledvičnih bolezni in za znižanje visoke telesne temperature. Pelargoniums are one of the most popular ornamental plants in Slovenia. For their growth they need sunny to half sunny position. Throughout the history growers have produced a great number of varieties with selection and crossing of Pelargonium plants, that is why they can be bought in many colours. We roughly divide them into five major groups. In addition to the decorative value, pelargoniums also contain many secondary metabolites which cause coloring of flowers and gives them characteristic odor of pelargonium. Secondary metabolites are divided into terpenes, phenolics and nitrogen-containing compounds. Terpenes and phenolics have been discovered so far in genus of Pelargonium, while nitrogen-containing compounds have not been reported. Among terpenes, geraniol and citronellol are most represented. The most numerous phenolics in Pelargonium are flavonoids which belong to the group of polyphenols. Isoquercetin, rutin, hyperoside and chlorogenic acid are the most abundant phenolics. Essential oils and hydrolysates derived from Pelargonium can be used in the cosmetic, agronomic, food and pharmaceutical industries. It has been proven that they posess antifungal, antibacterial, anticarcinogenic and antioxidant properties. The positive effects of pelargonium extracts have already been known in history, and they have been used to treat diarrhea, kidney disease and lowering of high body temperature.

Gorenjski nagelj med Slovenci nosi prav posebno mesto. Poleg okrasne vrednosti ga zasledimo na marsikaterem pomembnem dogodku. Razmnožujemo ga lahko s potaknjenci, vendar na tak način zraven prenesemo tudi marsikatero okužbo. Da bi se temu izognili, se za gojenje nageljnov vedno pogosteje uporabljajo tehnike rastlinskih tkivnih kultur, predvsem mikropropagacija. Gre za in vitro gojenje rastlin, kjer lahko v kratkem časovnem obdobju dobimo veliko število rastlin. Najboljše rezultate pri gojenju nageljna in vitro so dosegli listni izsečki, v primerjavi z nodiji ter internodiji. Te izsečke so prenesli na MS (Murashige in Skoog) medij, kjer so opazovali stopnjo in hitrost razvoja kalusa. Ta je odvisna od koncentracije avksina in citokinina v mediju. Poskusi kažejo, da je 3,0 mg/l 2,4-D (2,4-diklorofenoksiocetna kislina) najboljša koncentracija avksina v MS mediju za razvoj kalusa, medtem ko je 2,0 mg/l NAA (?-naftalen ocetna kislina) v kombinaciji z 1,0 mg/l BAP (6- benzilamino purin) najboljša koncentracija avksina in citokinina za razvoj kalusa. Prav tako se je kalus odlično razvijal v MS mediju s koncentracijo 4,0 mg/l BAP v kombinaciji s kinetinom. Izkazalo se je, da je 8 tednov odlično inkubacijsko obdobje za pridobivanje kalusa, 27°C pa je najbolj optimalna temperatura za rast in razvoj kalusa. Za množenje poganjkov pa je najboljše rezultate dosegel MS medij z dodatkom 1,0 mg/ NAA ali pa 1,0 mg/ NAA skupaj s 3,0 mg/l BAP. Težave pa se lahko pojavijo tudi pri gojenju in vitro. Na nageljnu se največkrat pojavi vitrifikacija. Among Slovenian people Gorenjski carnation holds a special place. Beside as a form of decorational plant we can find it at many special and important events. One of the options of reproduction and growing is by using explants. But with this method we can transfer some of many fungal diseases. To avoid fungal diseases nowadays we are more and more often using a method of plant tissue culture, more specific micropropragation. Micropropragation is a method of ''in vitro'' cultivation where in short period of time we can produce a mass amount of plants. The best results of the cultivation of carnation yielded with leaf explants in comparison with nodal and internodal. Those explants were transferred in MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium where they observedthe level and speed of development of the callus. This also depends on concentration of auxin and cytokinin in given medium. The test results show that 3,0 mg/l 2,4-D (2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) is the best amount of avksin in MS medium for the development of the callus. However the combination of 2,0 mg/l NAA (?- anphthalene acetic acid) with 1,0 mg/l BAP (6- benzylamino purine) is the best amount of auxin and cytokinin for the development of the callus. The callus also responded with excellent development in MS medium with the concentration of 4,0 mg/l BAP with combination of kinetin. It showed that the best incubation period for the development of the callus is 8 weeks at the optimum temperature of 27°C. As conclusion for the reproduction of the calluses the best results were achieved with MS medium with the additive of 1,0 mg/ NAA or 1,0 mg/ NAA together with 3,0 mg/l BAP. After wast amount of research it was shown that the problems can also develop with the said ''in vitro'' method. With the carnation it mostly results in vitrification.

Namen magistrskega dela je bil ugotoviti kakšen vpliv ima ukrep zelene rezi na vegetativno rast drevesa (obseg debel, prirast vej), število plodičev, kakovost plodov (premer, masa, trdota plodov, vsebnost topne suhe snovi in škroba v plodovih) ter porabljen čas za zeleno ter zimsko rez. Zeleno rez smo izvajali na jablani (Malus domestica Borkh.) na sortah 'Red Topaz´ in ´Pinova´. Poskus smo izvajali v novem nasadu jablan Biotehniške fakultete v Ljubljani v letih 2016, 2017 in 2018. V poskusu smo preverjali razlike med drevesi na katerih smo izvedli zeleno rez in drevesi, na katerih zelene rezi nismo izvajali (kontrola). Glede na dobljene rezultate lahko sklepamo, da ima ukrep zelene rezi na sortah ´Red Topaz´ in 'Pinova´ pozitiven učinek na rast dreves (umiri rast) in na večje število plodičev. Na kakovost plodov ukrep zelene rezi pri obeh sortah nima bistvenega vpliva, saj so razlike med obravnavanji majhne. Povprečen čas porabljen za zeleno rez na drevo je bil pri sorti ´Red Topaz´ prvo leto 26 sek, drugo leto 49 sek in tretje leto 52 sek. Povprečen čas porabljen za zeleno rez na drevo pri sorti ´Pinova´ je bil prvo leto 12 sek, drugo leto 38 sek in tretje leto 25 sek. Povprečen čas porabljen za zimsko rez pa je bil pri obeh sortah veliko krajši pri obravnavanju, kjer smo poleti izvedli zeleno rez kot pri kontroli. Pri sorti ´Red Topaz´ je bila razlika med časom porabljenim za zimsko rez med kontrolo in obravnavanjem, kjer smo izvedli zeleno rez leta 2017 2 sek/drevo, leta 2018 pa 13 sek/drevo. Pri sorti ´Pinova´ je bila razlika med kontrolo in obravnavanjem, kjer smo izvedli zeleno rez v letu 2017 5 sek/drevo, leta 2018 pa 13 sek/drevo. The purpose of the master's thesis was to determine what has been the collective effect of the tree's green pruning to the vegetative growth (the circumference of the trunk the growth of the branches), number and quality of fruits (diameter, weight, flesh firmness, the content of total soluble solids and starch) and time of green and winter pruning. The green pruning was performed on the apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.) on cultivars ´Red Topaz´ and ´Pinova´. The new apple tree orchard experiment was conducted and administered at experimental field of Biotechnical Faculty from 2016 to 2018. In the experiment we examined the differences between the trees on which we performed green pruning and subsequently the trees on which the same process was not performed (the control). According to the results obtained we shall conclude that the green pruning has a positive effect on the growth of the branches (less intensive growth) and on a larger number of fruits. Green pruning does not have a significant effect on the quality of the fruits on both cultivars because that is what it distincts between the treatments which are relatively insignificant. Average time of the green pruning on cultivar ´Red Topaz´ was in first year 26 sec/tree, second year 49 sec/tree and in third year 52 sec/tree. Average time of the green pruning on cultivar ´Pinova´ was in first year 12 sec/tree, second year 38 sec/tree and in third year 25 sec/tree. The average time of winter pruning's treatment was much shorter on both cultivars (this was where we conducted the green pruning). On cultivar ´Red Topaz´ was the difference between the time we spent on winter pruning between control and treatment, where we conducted the green pruning in 2017 2 seconds/tree and in 2018 13 sec/tree. On cultivar ´Pinova´ was in year 2017 a difference between control and treatment, where we conducted the green pruning 5 sec /tree and in 2018 13 sec/tree

Pridobivanja rezanega cvetja je ena izmed pomembnih panog v vrtnarstvu. V Sloveniji je pridelave rezanega cvetja zelo malo, zato večino rezanega cvetja uvozimo iz tujine. Pri transportu in skladiščenju je pomembno, da se ne poslabša kakovost cvetja in da ne pride do mehanskih poškodb. Cvetličarji in kasneje potrošniki si želimo, da je rezano cvetje čim dlje obstojno, sveže, lepo in da ne pride do prehitrega staranja in posledično venenja. Za podaljšanje vzdržljivosti rezanega cvetja imamo več tehnik, ki so specifične za posamezne vrste in tudi za različne sorte, zato smo se v tem diplomskem delu osredotočili predvsem na vrtnico. Ta je ena izmed najpomembnejših okrasnih rastlin za namen rezanega cvetja. Poznamo veliko tehnik za podaljševanje vzdržljivosti rezanega cvetja (med transportom, v času skladiščenja in končno v vazi) kot so uravnavanje temperature in relativne zračne vlage, zmanjševanje količine etilena, preprečevanje okužbe s patogenimi organizmi, dodajanje različnih hranilnih raztopin v vodo, v katero nameščamo rezano cvetje, vrsta pakirnega materiala in še druge. S temi postopki lahko ohranjamo kakovost, čvrstost, intenzivnost barve in daljšo življenjsko dobo vrtnice za namen rezanega cvetja Obtaining cut flowers is one of the main fields in the horticulture. In Slovenia, the production of cut flowers is not massive, that is why most of the cut flowers are imported from abroad. It is very important that the quality of the flowers is not affected and that no damages occur during the transportation and storage. Florists and consumers wish that the cut flowers are durable, fresh, beautiful and that senescence is prolonged. There are many techniques to prolong the life span of cut flowers and they are specific for individual breeds and varieties of flowers, so I decided to focus mostly on the rose in my thesis. A rose is one of the most important ornamental plants for cut flowers. We have a lot of different techniques to prolong the life span of cut flowers (during transportation, during storage and in the vase), like controlling the temperature and relative air humidity, reduction of ethylene levels, preventing infection with pathogenic organisms, adding various nutrients to the water into which we place the cut flowers, the type of packing material we choose, and more. All these procedures can help us keep the quality, firmness, intensity of the color and it can prolong the life span of roses for the purpose of cut flowers.

Leta 2016 smo ugotavljali, kako delna odstranitev rozetnih listov vpliva na naravno trebljenje plodičev. V poskus smo vključili tri obravnavanja in med cvetenjem ob cvetnem šopu odstranili 2/3, 1/3 in nič listov. Nato smo spremljali odpadanje plodičev med junijskim trebljenjem in prešteli ostale plodove ob obiranju. Analizirali smo kakovost plodov (maso, premer, trdoto (kg/cm²), topno suho snov (°Brix) in test z jodovico) in s HPLC metodo izmerili vsebnost sladkorjev (fruktoze, glukoze, saharoze, sorbitola) in organskih kislin (fumarne, šikimske, jabolčne in citronske kisline). Naravno trebljenje plodičev je bilo pri 1/3 in 2/3 odstranjenih listov večje kot pri polnoolistani kontroli. Po posameznih pozicijah je v največ primerih ostal centralni oz. kraljevi plod (K), pri polnoolistanih drevesih pa je stranski plod (L1), ki je bil najbližje (K) plodu, odpadel v večjem številu kot pri drevesih z zmanjšano listno površino. Pri obravnavanjih z večjim deležem odstranjenih listov so plodiči na pozicijah (L1–L4) pogosteje odpadli. Kakovost plodov se je razlikovala po obravnavanjih. Največ skupnih sladkorjev so vsebovala jabolka pri 2/3 odstranjenih listov, skupne organske kisline pa so bile v največjih deležih pri 2/3 in 0 odstranjenih listov. Prirast enoletnega lesa je bil statistično značilno največji pri obravnavanju z neodstranjenimi listi. We studied the effect of partial spur leaf removal on fruitlets shedding in 2016. Three treatments were included in the experiment with 2/3, 1/3 and 0 spur leaf area removal. We monitored the fruitlets shedding during the June drop and at the harvest of the remaining fruit, we counted the rest of it. At harvest, the quality parameters of fruits were measured (fruit weight, fruit diameter, firmness (kg/cm²), total soluble solids (°Brix) and maturity index) and the content of the sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose and sorbitol) and the organic acids (fumaric, shikimic, malic and citric acid) were determined and analysed using HPLC system. In the treatments where 1/3 and 2/3 spur leaf area were removed, the natural fruit drop was greater than in the treatment with no spur leaf area removal. The king flower (K) remained in most cases. While the lateral fruitlets (L1) which were closest to the king fruitlets dropped in the most cases in the treatment where no spur leaves were removed. With a higher proportion of leaf area removal, the fruitlets abscission was more intensive at lower positions (L1-L4). The quality of fruits varied among the treatments. The highest levels of total sugars were measured in apples where we removed 2/3 of the leaf area, while total organic acid were in high levels at 2/3 and 0 leaf area removal. The one-year shoots growth was statistically significant highest in the treatment with no removed leaves.