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1. Menstrual disorders following COVID-19 vaccination: a review using a systematic search.

Author

Smaardijk, Veerle R., Jajou, Rana, Kant, Agnes, and van Hunsel, Florence P. A. M.

Subjects
*MENORRHAGIA, *MENSTRUATION disorders, *VACCINE trials, *MEDICAL personnel, *CHILDBEARING age
Abstract

Introduction: Menstrual disorders are commonly reported after COVID-19 vaccination and heavy menstrual bleeding was added to the product information of the COVID-19 vaccines of Moderna and Pfizer. The aim of this review, using a systematic search, is to provide an overview of available literature on the risk of menstrual disorders after COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A PubMed search was performed on 15 August 2023, including solely quantitative studies in English and Dutch. Results: A total of 61 studies were included, of which 40 were cross-sectional studies, 18 cohort studies, and three self-controlled case series. Outcomes included a wide variety of menstrual disorders, including changes in cycle length (n = 54), changes in the amount of bleeding (n = 44), changes in menses length (n = 30), changes in the experience of (pre)menstrual pain (n = 21), and breakthrough bleeding (n = 18). All included studies found a higher percentage of at least one menstrual disorder in the first cycle after different types of COVID-19 vaccination and after different doses. Discussion: In conclusion, evidence suggests that COVID-19 vaccines may cause menstrual changes in women of reproductive age. However, there is a need for more longitudinal studies because of important limitations in the study designs of many of the included studies. Although menstrual changes are short-lived and predominantly mild, it is important for women and healthcare professionals to be informed about these potential adverse reactions and to assess these events in clinical trials on vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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2. SNP-IT Tool for Identifying Subspecies and Associated Lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex

Author

Lipworth, Samuel, Jajou, Rana, de Neeling, Albert, Bradley, Phelim, van der Hoek, Wim, Maphalala, Gugu, Bonnet, Maryline, Sanchez-Padilla, Elizabeth, Diel, Roland, Niemann, Stefan, Iqbal, Zamin, Smith, Grace, Peto, Tim, Crook, Derrick, Walker, Timothy, and van Soolingen, Dick

Subjects
Genomes, Single nucleotide polymorphisms, Tuberculosis -- Genetic aspects, Genomics, Zoonoses, Genetic polymorphisms, Health
Abstract

Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) encompasses a group of organisms that cause tuberculosis (TB) in humans and animals. TB in humans is caused mainly by M. tuberculosis but also by other [...]

Published
2019
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4. Integrative transnational analysis to dissect tuberculosis transmission events along the migratory route from Africa to Europe.

Author

UCL - SSS/IREC/CTMA - Centre de technologies moléculaires appliquées (plate-forme technologique), Martínez-Lirola, Miguel, Jajou, Rana, Mathys, Vanessa, Martin, Anandi, Cabibbe, Andrea Maurizio, Valera, Ana, Sola-Campoy, Pedro J, Abascal, Estefanía, Rodríguez-Maus, Sandra, Garrido-Cárdenas, Jose Antonio, Bonillo, Magdalena, Chiner-Oms, Álvaro, López, Begoña, Vallejo-Godoy, Silvia, Comas, Iñaki, Muñoz, Patricia, Cirillo, Daniela Maria, van Soolingen, Dick, Pérez-Lago, Laura, García de Viedma, Darío, UCL - SSS/IREC/CTMA - Centre de technologies moléculaires appliquées (plate-forme technologique), Martínez-Lirola, Miguel, Jajou, Rana, Mathys, Vanessa, Martin, Anandi, Cabibbe, Andrea Maurizio, Valera, Ana, Sola-Campoy, Pedro J, Abascal, Estefanía, Rodríguez-Maus, Sandra, Garrido-Cárdenas, Jose Antonio, Bonillo, Magdalena, Chiner-Oms, Álvaro, López, Begoña, Vallejo-Godoy, Silvia, Comas, Iñaki, Muñoz, Patricia, Cirillo, Daniela Maria, van Soolingen, Dick, Pérez-Lago, Laura, and García de Viedma, Darío

Abstract

Growing international migration has increased the complexity of tuberculosis transmission patterns. Italy's decision to close its borders in 2018 made of Spain the new European porte entrée for migration from the Horn of Africa (HA). In one of the first rescues of migrants from this region at the end of 2018, tuberculosis was diagnosed in eight subjects, mainly unaccompanied minors. Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from these recently arrived migrants were analysed by Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive-Unit/Variable-Number of Tandem Repeat (MIRU-VNTR) and subsequent whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis. Data were compared with those from collections from other European countries receiving migrants from the HA and a strain-specific PCR was applied for a fast searching of common strains. Infections in a cellular model were performed to assess strain virulence. MIRU-VNTR analysis allowed identifying an epidemiological cluster involving three of the eight cases from Somalia (0 single-nucleotide polymorphisms between isolates, HA cluster). Following detailed interviews revealed that two of these cases had shared the same migratory route in most of the trip and had spent a long time at a detention camp in Libya. To confirm potential en route transmission for the three cases, we searched the same strain in collections from other European countries receiving migrants from the HA. MIRU-VNTR, WGS and a strain-specific PCR for the HA strain were applied. The same strain was identified in 12 cases from Eritrea diagnosed soon after their arrival in 2018 to the Netherlands, Belgium and Italy. Intracellular replication rate of the strain did not reveal abnormal virulence. Our study suggests a potential en route transmission of a pan-susceptible strain, which caused at least 15 tuberculosis cases in Somalian and Eritrean migrants diagnosed in four different European countries.

Published
2021

5. Integrative transnational analysis to dissect tuberculosis transmission events along the migratory route from Africa to Europe

Author

Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Comas, Iñaki [0000-0001-5504-9408], Chiner-Oms, Álvaro [0000-0002-0463-0101], Martínez-Lirola, Miguel, Jajou, Rana, Mathys, Vanessa, Martin, Anandi, Maurizio Cabibbe, Andrea, Valera, Ana, Sola-Campoy, Pedro J., Abascal, Estefanía, Rodríguez-Maus, Sandra, Garrido-Cárdenas, José Antonio, Bonillo, Magdalena, Chiner-Oms, Álvaro, López, Begoña, Vallejo-Godoy, Silvia, Comas, Iñaki, Muñoz, Patricia, Cirillo, Daniela Maria, Soolingen, Dick van, Pérez-Lago, Laura, García de Viedma, Dario, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Comas, Iñaki [0000-0001-5504-9408], Chiner-Oms, Álvaro [0000-0002-0463-0101], Martínez-Lirola, Miguel, Jajou, Rana, Mathys, Vanessa, Martin, Anandi, Maurizio Cabibbe, Andrea, Valera, Ana, Sola-Campoy, Pedro J., Abascal, Estefanía, Rodríguez-Maus, Sandra, Garrido-Cárdenas, José Antonio, Bonillo, Magdalena, Chiner-Oms, Álvaro, López, Begoña, Vallejo-Godoy, Silvia, Comas, Iñaki, Muñoz, Patricia, Cirillo, Daniela Maria, Soolingen, Dick van, Pérez-Lago, Laura, and García de Viedma, Dario

Abstract

Background: Growing international migration has increased the complexity of tuberculosis transmission patterns. Italy's decision to close its borders in 2018 made of Spain the new European porte entrée for migration from the Horn of Africa (HA). In one of the first rescues of migrants from this region at the end of 2018, tuberculosis was diagnosed in eight subjects, mainly unaccompanied minors. Methods: Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from these recently arrived migrants were analysed by Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive-Unit/Variable-Number of Tandem Repeat (MIRU-VNTR) and subsequent whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis. Data were compared with those from collections from other European countries receiving migrants from the HA and a strain-specific PCR was applied for a fast searching of common strains. Infections in a cellular model were performed to assess strain virulence. Results: MIRU-VNTR analysis allowed identifying an epidemiological cluster involving three of the eight cases from Somalia (0 single-nucleotide polymorphisms between isolates, HA cluster). Following detailed interviews revealed that two of these cases had shared the same migratory route in most of the trip and had spent a long time at a detention camp in Libya. To confirm potential en route transmission for the three cases, we searched the same strain in collections from other European countries receiving migrants from the HA. MIRU-VNTR, WGS and a strain-specific PCR for the HA strain were applied. The same strain was identified in 12 cases from Eritrea diagnosed soon after their arrival in 2018 to the Netherlands, Belgium and Italy. Intracellular replication rate of the strain did not reveal abnormal virulence. Conclusions: Our study suggests a potential en route transmission of a pan-susceptible strain, which caused at least 15 tuberculosis cases in Somalian and Eritrean migrants diagnosed in four different European countries.

Published
2021

6. Integrative transnational analysis to dissect tuberculosis transmission events along the migratory route from Africa to Europe

Author

Martínez-Lirola, Miguel, primary, Jajou, Rana, additional, Mathys, Vanessa, additional, Martin, Anandi, additional, Cabibbe, Andrea Maurizio, additional, Valera, Ana, additional, Sola-Campoy, Pedro J, additional, Abascal, Estefanía, additional, Rodríguez-Maus, Sandra, additional, Garrido-Cárdenas, Jose Antonio, additional, Bonillo, Magdalena, additional, Chiner-Oms, Álvaro, additional, López, Begoña, additional, Vallejo-Godoy, Silvia, additional, Comas, Iñaki, additional, Muñoz, Patricia, additional, Cirillo, Daniela Maria, additional, van Soolingen, Dick, additional, Pérez-Lago, Laura, additional, and García de Viedma, Darío, additional

Published
2021
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7. Prevalence and characterization of heterogeneous VNTR clusters comprising drug susceptible and/or variable resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates in the Netherlands from 2004-2016

Author

Roof, Inge, Jajou, Rana, Kamst, Miranda, Mulder, Arnout, de Neeling, Albert, van Hunen, Rianne, van der Hoek, Wim, and van Soolingen, Dick

Abstract

Introduction: The variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) typing method is used to study tuberculosis (TB) transmission. Clustering of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates with identical VNTR patterns is assumed to reflect recent transmission. Hence, clusters are thought to be homogeneous regarding antibiotic resistance. In practice, however, also heterogeneous clusters are identified. This study investigates the prevalence and characteristics of heterogeneous VNTR clusters and assesses whether isolates in these clusters remain clustered when subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS).Methods: In the period 2004-2016, 9,072 isolates were included. Demographic and epidemiological linkage data were obtained from the Netherlands Tuberculosis Register. VNTR clusters were defined as homogeneous when isolates shared identical resistance profiles, or as heterogeneous if both susceptible and (varying) resistant isolates were found. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with heterogeneous clustering. Isolates from 2016 were subjected to WGS and a genetic distance of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was used as cut-off for WGS clustering.Results: In total, 4,661/9,072 (51%) isolates were clustered in 985 different VNTR clusters, of which 217 (22%) were heterogeneous. Patient characteristics associated with heterogeneous clustering were non-Dutch ethnicity (OR 1.46 [1.22-1.75]), asylum seeker (OR 1.51 [1.24-1.85]), extra pulmonary TB (OR 1.26 [1.09-1.46]), previous TB diagnosis (OR 1.38 [1.04-1.82]), and non-contact of a TB patient (OR 1.35 [1.08-1.69]). With WGS, 34% of heterogeneous and 78% of homogeneous isolates from 2016 remained clustered.Conclusion: Heterogeneous VNTR clusters are common, but seem to be explained by a substantial degree of false clustering by VNTR when compared to WGS.

Published
2018

8. Towards standardisation: comparison of five whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis pipelines for detection of epidemiologically linked tuberculosis cases

Author

Jajou, Rana, primary, Kohl, Thomas A, additional, Walker, Timothy, additional, Norman, Anders, additional, Cirillo, Daniela Maria, additional, Tagliani, Elisa, additional, Niemann, Stefan, additional, de Neeling, Albert, additional, Lillebaek, Troels, additional, Anthony, Richard M, additional, and van Soolingen, Dick, additional

Published
2019
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10. SNP-IT Tool for Identifying Subspecies and Associated Lineages ofMycobacterium tuberculosisComplex

Author

Lipworth, Samuel, primary, Jajou, Rana, additional, de Neeling, Albert, additional, Bradley, Phelim, additional, van der Hoek, Wim, additional, Maphalala, Gugu, additional, Bonnet, Maryline, additional, Sanchez-Padilla, Elizabeth, additional, Diel, Roland, additional, Niemann, Stefan, additional, Iqbal, Zamin, additional, Smith, Grace, additional, Peto, Tim, additional, Crook, Derrick, additional, Walker, Timothy, additional, and van Soolingen, Dick, additional

Published
2019
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11. Towards standardisation:comparison of five whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis pipelines for detection of epidemiologically linked tuberculosis cases

Author

Jajou, Rana, Kohl, Thomas A., Walker, Timothy, Norman, Anders, Cirillo, Daniela Maria, Tagliani, Elisa, Niemann, Stefan, de Neeling, Albert, Lillebaek, Troels, Anthony, Richard M., van Soolingen, Dick, Jajou, Rana, Kohl, Thomas A., Walker, Timothy, Norman, Anders, Cirillo, Daniela Maria, Tagliani, Elisa, Niemann, Stefan, de Neeling, Albert, Lillebaek, Troels, Anthony, Richard M., and van Soolingen, Dick

Published
2019

12. Prevalence and Characterization of Heterogeneous Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Clusters Comprising Drug-Susceptible and/or Variable Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Isolates in the Netherlands from 2004 to 2016

Author

Roof, Inge, primary, Jajou, Rana, additional, Kamst, Miranda, additional, Mulder, Arnout, additional, de Neeling, Albert, additional, van Hunen, Rianne, additional, van der Hoek, Wim, additional, and van Soolingen, Dick, additional

Published
2018
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13. Correction: Epidemiological links between tuberculosis cases identified twice as efficiently by whole genome sequencing than conventional molecular typing: A population-based study

Author

Jajou, Rana, primary, de Neeling, Albert, additional, van Hunen, Rianne, additional, de Vries, Gerard, additional, Schimmel, Henrieke, additional, Mulder, Arnout, additional, Anthony, Richard, additional, van der Hoek, Wim, additional, and van Soolingen, Dick, additional

Published
2018
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15. A Predominant Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Cluster of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates among Asylum Seekers in the Netherlands and Denmark, Deciphered by Whole-Genome Sequencing

Author

Jajou, Rana, primary, de Neeling, Albert, additional, Rasmussen, Erik Michael, additional, Norman, Anders, additional, Mulder, Arnout, additional, van Hunen, Rianne, additional, de Vries, Gerard, additional, Haddad, Walid, additional, Anthony, Richard, additional, Lillebaek, Troels, additional, van der Hoek, Wim, additional, and van Soolingen, Dick, additional

Published
2018
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19. Persistent high antibody titres against Coxiella burnetii after acute Q fever not explained by continued exposure to the source of infection: a case–control study.

Author

Jajou, Rana, Henrica Wielders, Cornelia Christina, Leclercq, Monique, van Leuken, Jeroen, Shamelian, Shahan, Renders, Nicole, van der Hoek, Wim, and Schneeberger, Peter

Abstract

Background: From 2007 to 2010, (the southern part of) the Netherlands experienced a large Q fever epidemic, with more than 4,000 reported symptomatic cases. Approximately 1 – 5% of the acute Q fever patients develop chronic Q fever. A high IgG antibody titre against phase I of Coxiella burnetii during follow-up is considered a marker of chronic Q fever. However, there is uncertainty about the significance and cause of persistence of high IgG phase I antibody titres in patients that do not have any additional manifestations of chronic Q fever. We studied whether continued or repeated exposure to the source of infection could explain elevated IgG phase I antibody levels. Methods: A case–control study was performed to analyze predictors for possible chronic Q fever. Possible chronic Q fever cases (n = 53) are patients with phase I IgG antibody titre ≥1:1,024 at any point in the 9 – 18 months after acute Q fever diagnosis, with a negative PCR test result for C. burnetii DNA and without other disease manifestations. Controls (n = 110) are acute Q fever patients that did not develop chronic Q fever, and who consistently had phase I IgG antibody titre <1:1,024 during the 9 – 18 months follow-up. Binary logistic regression was performed to analyze the effect of living close to an infected farm on the high antibody titres. A longitudinal analysis described the serological profiles of cases and controls. Results: Proximity to infected farms and contact with animal placental material were not associated with an increased risk for possible chronic Q fever. Possible chronic Q fever patients have high IgG phase II as well as IgG phase I antibody titres, even after 48 months of follow-up. Conclusion: We were unable to explain the cause of persistent high IgG phase I titres among possible chronic Q fever patients by being continuously exposed to the source of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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20. Prevalence and Characterization of Heterogeneous Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Clusters Comprising Drug-Susceptible and/or Variable Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosisComplex Isolates in the Netherlands from 2004 to 2016

Author

Roof, Inge, Jajou, Rana, Kamst, Miranda, Mulder, Arnout, de Neeling, Albert, van Hunen, Rianne, van der Hoek, Wim, and van Soolingen, Dick

Abstract

The variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) typing method is used to study tuberculosis (TB) transmission. Clustering of Mycobacterium tuberculosisisolates with identical VNTR patterns is assumed to reflect recent transmission.

Published
2018
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21. A Predominant Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Cluster of Mycobacterium tuberculosisIsolates among Asylum Seekers in the Netherlands and Denmark, Deciphered by Whole-Genome Sequencing

Author

Jajou, Rana, de Neeling, Albert, Rasmussen, Erik Michael, Norman, Anders, Mulder, Arnout, van Hunen, Rianne, de Vries, Gerard, Haddad, Walid, Anthony, Richard, Lillebaek, Troels, van der Hoek, Wim, and van Soolingen, Dick

Abstract

ABSTRACTIn many countries, Mycobacterium tuberculosisisolates are routinely subjected to variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) typing to investigate M. tuberculosistransmission. Unexpectedly, cross-border clusters were identified among African refugees in the Netherlands and Denmark, although transmission in those countries was unlikely. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was applied to analyze transmission in depth and to assess the precision of VNTR typing. WGS was applied to 40 M. tuberculosisisolates from refugees in the Netherlands and Denmark (most of whom were from the Horn of Africa) that shared the exact same VNTR profile. Cluster investigations were undertaken to identify in-country epidemiological links. Combining WGS results for the isolates (all members of the central Asian strain [CAS]/Delhi genotype), from both European countries, an average genetic distance of 80 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (maximum, 153 SNPs) was observed. The few pairs of isolates with confirmed epidemiological links, except for one pair, had a maximum distance of 12 SNPs. WGS divided this refugee cluster into several subclusters of patients from the same country of origin. Although the M. tuberculosiscases, mainly originating from African countries, shared the exact same VNTR profile, most were clearly distinguished by WGS. The average genetic distance in this specific VNTR cluster was 2 times greater than that in other VNTR clusters. Thus, identical VNTR profiles did not represent recent direct M. tuberculosistransmission for this group of patients. It appears that either these strains from Africa are extremely conserved genetically or there is ongoing transmission of this genotype among refugees on their long migration routes from Africa to Europe.

Published
2017
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22. Occurrence and Nature of Double Alleles in Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Patterns of More than 8,000 Mycobacterium tuberculosisComplex Isolates in The Netherlands

Author

Jajou, Rana, Kamst, Miranda, van Hunen, Rianne, de Zwaan, Carolina Catherina, Mulder, Arnout, Supply, Philip, Anthony, Richard, van der Hoek, Wim, and van Soolingen, Dick

Abstract

ABSTRACTSince 2004, variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex isolates has been applied on a structural basis in The Netherlands to study the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB). Although this technique is faster and technically less demanding than the previously used restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing, reproducibility remains a concern. In the period from 2004 to 2015, 8,532 isolates were subjected to VNTR typing in The Netherlands, with 186 (2.2%) of these exhibiting double alleles at one locus. Double alleles were most common in loci 4052 and 2163b. The variables significantly associated with double alleles were urban living (odds ratio [OR], 1.503; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.084 to 2.084; P= 0.014) and pulmonary TB (OR, 1.703; 95% CI, 1.216 to 2.386; P= 0.002). Single-colony cultures of double-allele strains were produced and revealed single-allele profiles; a maximum of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was observed between the single- and double-allele isolates from the same patient when whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was applied. This indicates the presence of two bacterial populations with slightly different VNTR profiles in the parental population, related to genetic drift. This observation is confirmed by the fact that secondary cases from TB source cases with double-allele isolates sometimes display only one of the two alleles present in the source case. Double alleles occur at a frequency of 2.2% in VNTR patterns in The Netherlands. They are caused by biological variation rather than by technical aberrations and can be transmitted either as single- or double-allele variants.

Published
2017
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