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The combination of osseous graft with barrier membrane and enamel matrix protein derivative (EMD) has the potential to result in a synergistic effect. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of EMD in combination with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (BG) and bioresorbable membrane (Biomesh) in the treatment of human mandibular Class II furcation defects over a period of 12 months. Thirty patients with chronic periodontitis and a single Class II furcation defect on the buccal or lingual surface of mandibular teeth were included. The clinical parameters evaluated were probing pocket depth (PPD), horizontal probing depth (HPD), vertical relative attachment level (V-RAL), and relative gingival margin level (RGML). three groups were created based on treatment method: EMD + BG + guided tissue regeneration (GTR), BG + GTR, and open flap debridement (OFD). All three groups showed a statistically significant PPD reduction of 1.74 ± 1.00 mm, 0.81 ± 0.31 mm, and 0.46 ± 0.52 mm at 12 months postsurgery. EMD + BG + GTR showed a significantly greater PPD reduction compared with BG + GTR, as well as OFD. EMD + BG + GTR showed a statistically significant vertical clinical attachment gain of 2.12 ± 1.07 mm at 12 months compared with BG + GTR as well as OFD. Significant reductions in mean HPD were observed for EMD + BG + GTR (2.10 mm) as well as BG + GTR (1.5 mm). The number of Class II furcation defects that closed or converted to Class I was greatest for EMD + BG + GTR. It can be concluded that EMD + BG + GTR resulted in a statistically significant reduction of PPD, V-RAL gain, and a nonsignificantly greater reduction of HPD compared to BG + GTR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is long and tortuous. Endoscopy has evolved as a useful diagnostic tool for gastrointestinal tract diseases. Endoscopic appearances although being highly suggestive are not pathognomonic and thereby need histopathological confirmation for a definitive diagnosis. Aim: Correlation of endoscopic findings with histopathological diagnosis greatly enhances the diagnostic value and hence better patient management. Materials and methods: An institution based cross sectional observational study was done in a tertiary hospital in Navi Mumbai over two years among 100 endoscopic biopsies of gastrointestinal tract received in the Department of Pathology sent from Department of Surgery. Sections from formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks were routinely stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, Giemsa, PAS, GMS and Alcian Blue. The lesions were divided into 2 broad groups; one was based on anatomical location into upper GIT and lower GIT and the other division was non-neoplastic and neoplastic. Results: Maximum biopsies were obtained from colorectal region (42%) followed by stomach (24%), esophagus (15%), duodenum (8%), colon (5%) and rectum (4%). Majority of the lesions encountered in the study were non-neoplastic (72%). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common neoplastic lesion (39.23%) followed by adenocarcinoma (17.83%). Conclusion: Endoscopy is incomplete without biopsy and so the combination of methods provides a powerful diagnostic tool for better patient management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Diabetic patients have more severe periodontal destruction, but periodontal therapy can improve metabolic control. Recently, interest has focused on the use of subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) as a treatment paradigm. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy of SDD with scaling and root planning (SRP) in chronic periodontitis patients with diabetes., Methods and Materials: Twenty chronic periodontitis patients with diabetes mellitus were randomly allocated to either a test and a control group. Clinical measurements were recorded at baseline and at six months for probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival recession (GR). After SRP, patients in the test group were instructed to take SDD 20-mg capsules twice a day while patients in the control group took a placebo twice a day. Both groups were on this regimen for a six-month period., Results: A greater reduction in mean PPD was demonstrated in patients in the test group compared to the control group. The mean CAL increase observed in the test group was significantly greater (0.67 mm) than that in the control group., Conclusion: It can be concluded that SRP, in conjunction with the SDD therapy described, is more effective then SRP alone in terms of CAL gain and PPD reduction in diabetic patients with severe periodontal disease., Clinical Significance: Given the widespread prevalence of both chronic periodontitis and diabetes, the proposed treatment approach will prove to be of great value and contribute significantly to the overall health of the patients.