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Selecting new sweet potato genotypes that are adapted to the soil, climate, and cultivation conditions of the producing regions is necessary. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of experimental genotypes of white-fleshed sweet potato in commercial fields, seeking to evaluate their potential as commercial cultivars. The experiments were carried out in the municipalities of Presidente Prudente, Emilianópolis, Tarabai, and Álvares Machado in São Paulo state. The randomized complete block design with five repetitions was used in the experiments, where the genotypes UZBD-L1-04 and UZBD-L5-29 were evaluated along with the controls Ligeirinha Paulista, Canadense, and INIA Arapey. The assessed traits were tuberous root total yield, number of commercial tuberous roots, commercial tuberous root yield, average mass of commercial tuberous roots, percentage of commercial tuberous root dry mass, soluble solids, resistance to pest-caused damage, root length, diameter, and appearance. UZBD-L1-04 performed better than the other genotypes (the average of environments for tuberous root total yield was 31.76 t/ha), showing great potential as a commercial cultivar for the studied region. RESUMO Selecionar novos genótipos de batata-doce, que sejam adaptados às condições edafoclimáticas e de cultivo das regiões produtoras, se faz necessário. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho agronômico de genótipos experimentais de batata-doce de polpa branca em lavouras comerciais, buscando obter indicação do seu mérito como cultivares comerciais. Os experimentos foram conduzidos nos munícipios de Presidente Prudente-SP, Emilianópolis-SP, Tarabai-SP e Álvares Machado-SP. Foi adotado o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições, avaliando-se os genótipos UZBD-L1-04 e UZBD-L5-29, e utilizando as testemunhas Ligeirinha Paulista, Canadense e INIA Arapey. Foram avaliados a produtividade total de raízes tuberosas, número de raízes tuberosas comerciais, produção de raízes tuberosas comerciais, massa média de raízes tuberosas comerciais, porcentagem de massa seca de raízes tuberosas comerciais, sólidos solúveis, resistência a danos causados por pragas, comprimento, diâmetro e aparência das raízes. Concluiu-se que o genótipo UZBD-L1-04 obteve desempenho superior aos demais (média dos ambientes para produtividade total de raízes tuberosas de 31,76 t/ha), e possuindo potencial como cultivar para a região.

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a root that allows healthy eating and combats malnutrition. There is a need for more productive sweet potato genotypes displaying good resistance and a favorable appearance and shape. New genotypes that are more productive, resistant to the main soil pests and with good physical characteristics would contribute to meet the needs of producers and the demands of consumers. The aim of this study was to develop and select sweet potato genotypes regarding agronomic and physical root parameters. The new genotypes were obtained through the cross-linking of 22 parents with commercial characteristics. Subsequently, 386 experimental genotypes were conducted in the field in an experimental design consisting of augmented blocks with intercalated controls. Aspects related to agronomic, physical root characteristics and resistance to Euscepes postfasciatus were explored. Genotypes with higher performance than the controls were identified for all assessed parameters. The genotypes UZBD-K-09, UZBD-K-56 and UZBD-K-78, with purple flesh roots, UZBD-F-15 and UZBD-F-34, with orange flesh, and UZBD-K-70, with a white flesh were selected.

Sweet potato needs to be sexually propagated in breeding programs. However, its seeds have a hard and thick integument, requiring some dormancy breaking method. Scarification of seeds allows greater efficiency of the relationship between seeds obtained in crosses and those that germinate, providing genotypes to be tested for their potential, aiming at developing a new commercial cultivar. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the effects of immersion times of seeds in sulfuric acid (98%) on the germination and initial growth of sweet potato seedlings. The seeds were immersed for five different times: 0 (control), 20, 40, 60, and 80 min. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with ten repetitions consisting of 25 seeds each. The germination percentage, germination speed index (GSI), dry mass of whole seedlings, and length of the largest root and shoot of the seedlings were evaluated. The germination percentage and GSI increased with immersion time until 53.30 min, with maximum estimated values of 85.39 and 25.10%, respectively. For the parameters dry mass of whole seedlings, length of the largest root, and shoot length, increases were observed up to 55.00, 37.63, and 44.44 min, respectively. In conclusion, the immersion of sweet potato seeds in sulfuric acid (98%) for 53 min is ideal for breaking dormancy and providing better conditions for the initial development of seedlings.

Objetivou-se com o presente estudo estimar o plastocrono, a area leaf e a producao em Physalis peruviana cultivada em ambientes e epocas de transplantio. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3, sendo dois ambientes de cultivo (cultivo protegido e a campo) e tres epocas de transplantio (27/10/2013, 15/12/2013 e 11/02/2014). Quatro repeticoes de oito plantas por parcela foram implantadas, utilizando-se as quatro plantas centrais para avaliacao. Com base em modelos matematicos e dados de temperatura coletados o plastocrono foi estimado para o ciclo completo e fases vegetativa e reprodutiva da cultura separadamente. A area leaf bem como o numero de nos foram avaliados permitindo estabelecer uma relacao entre esses dois parâmetros ao fim do trabalho. Avaliou-se tambem o numero, massa e producao de frutos comerciais por planta. Observou-se com o estudo que a temperatura em ambiente protegido foi maior quando comparada ao campo, promovendo a antecipacao do desenvolvimento dos estagios fenologicos. Durante o desenvolvimento vegetativo, pode ser utilizado valor de plastocrono de 60,0 oC dia no-1 e durante o reprodutivo de 16,5 oC dia no-1. O ambiente protegido proporcionou maior crescimento e desenvolvimento vegetativo e produtividade de P. peruviana, quando comparado ao cultivo em campo. O transplantio de P. peruviana na regiao de Guarapuava-PR deve ser feito na primavera para garantia de maior produtividade e qualidade de frutos.