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Nanosuspension formulation and production techniques are currently undergoing remarkable growth in pharmaceutical industries to address poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients. It has some distinct character and benefits over other methodologies used to enhance aqueous solubility. The controlled process including formulation and processing variables provide the requisite shape and size of the drug particles in the form of nanosuspension. Generally, drug particles in the form of nanosuspension can be obtained in the size range of 200 to 1000 nm by manipulating various parameters. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the drugs can also be altered by changing the size of drug particles by developing them in the form of nanosuspension. The current review aims to address the physico-chemical characteristics of nanosuspensions, including various formulation considerations. This review also includes potential applications and recent advancements in the field of nanosizing technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Salinomycin (Sal) is a potent veterinary antibiotic known to offer significant toxicity to the variety of neoplastic cells. Its therapeutic utility is limited due to its higher lipophilicity (logP 7.5) and poor hydrophilicity. Liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNPs) known to offer a suitable delivery platform for these kinds of drugs. The overexpressed nucleolin receptor on the cell surface and cytoplasm, could be selected as a target in cancer therapy. The present study involves the development and characterization of the F3 peptide functionalized LCNPs for delivering Sal (F3-Sal-NPs) for selectively targeting to the nucleolin receptor. The optimized LCNPs were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, surface morphology, drug release kinetics and stability. The LCNPs have a structure similar to nematic phases. In vitro drug release studies revealed sustained drug release characteristics (89.5 ± 1.5% at 120 h) with F3-Sal-NPs. The cytotoxicity results demonstrated that F3-Sal-NPs were 4.8, 2.6 and 5.5 folds more effective than naïve drug in MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, respectively and the cell cycle was arrested in the S and G2/M phases. The expression of the gene responsible for the stemness (CD44 gene), apoptosis (BAX/Bcl-2 ration) and angiogenesis (LCN-2) was reduced by F3-Sal-NPs treatment. Ex vivo hemolytic toxicity was reduced (6.5 ± 1.5%) and the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of Sal was improved with F3-Sal-NPs. The in vivo antitumor efficacy was tested in EAC bearing mice, where F3-Sal-NPs significantly reduced the tumor growth by 2.8-fold compared to pure Sal and induced necrosis of tumor cells. The results clearly demonstrate the outstanding performance of F3 peptide functionalized LCNPs for delivering Sal against breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]