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Background: Surfactant therapy now a days become the primary modality of treatment in Preterm neonates with respiratory distress mainly Respiratory Distress Syndrome(RDS). In Extremely low birth weight babies such as birth weight < 1000g, incidence of RDS as a significant cause of mortality and morbidity remains high. Present study was aimed to assess the immediate outcome of surfactant therapy in preterm neonates with RDS. Material and Methods: Present study was a single-center, prospective, observational study, conducted in preterm neonates less than 34 weeks gestation (estimated from mother's 1st trimester ultrasound report or based on Ballard's score if ultrasound report not available) diagnosed with RDS, required mechanical ventilation were treated with surfactant therapy. Results: In our study we included a total of 122 preterm neonates, 94 were males and 28 were females. Common clinical features were tachypnea (99.2%), chest indrawing (99.2%), grunting (97.5 %), apnea (37.7 %) & cyanosis (35.2 %). Mean respiratory rate before surfactant therapy was 82.9 ± 5.5, but it was drastically improved after surfactant administration which was 50.6 ± 10.3. Same pattern observed with SPO2 which showed 83.5 ± 2.6 before and after was 94.4 ± 2.1 and heart rate was 146.8 ± 8.7 before and after was 126.7 ± 8.3. Mean Silverman Anderson Score (SAS) in case of preterm neonate was 6.7 ± 0.7 before and 2 ± 1.2 after surfactant therapy. In our study of 122 neonates in which surfactant has been administered 78 were discharged (63.9 %) while 34.4 % (42) were expired. 2 patients were LAMA. Conclusion: Surfactant therapy significantly improved survival in Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) as indicated by significant improvement in vital parameters as well as Silverman Anderson Score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experimental analysis of the Bi0.90Tb0.1Fe0.90Mn0.1O3 system synthesized via the solid‐state method is presented in this report. UV–visible measurements are carried out and a smaller bandgap (i.e., semiconductor‐type behavior) is obtained. The structural phase of the present system is analyzed with X‐ray diffraction and neutron diffraction measurement. Structural‐phase analysis reveals that the system contains two nuclear phases (rhombohedral structure [R3c space group] with orthorhombic [Pn21a space group]). Moreover, also more bending in the bond angle is found, and the existence of a magnetic phase with a nuclear phase for the Bi0.90Tb0.1Fe0.90Mn0.1O3 system is also confirmed by neutron diffraction. The magnetic moment versus temperature (M–T) curve demonstrates that the system's Néel transition temperature is at 568 K. The magnetization data show enhancement in the magnetic property by displaying the weak ferromagnetic‐type behavior at room temperature in the magnetic field versus magnetic moment (M–H) curve as compared to the parent compound. From dielectric measurement, the dielectric constant increases while the loss decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to further evaluate the benefit of topical hemostasis agents in tonsillectomy. We compared the clinical effects of topical application between hydrogen peroxide and adrenaline in tonsillectomy. Overall, 120 patients (240 tonsils) were prospectively enrolled for tonsillectomy between September 2019 and Septemberr 2022. The patients were randomly assigned to either the hydrogen peroxide or adrenaline group. Then, tonsillectomy was performed using hydrogen peroxide as a hemostatic agent on the assigned side, while adrenaline was applied to the other side. All procedures were performed by a surgeon who was blinded to the randomization. The outcome measurements of operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative pain, and hemorrhage events were analyzed. The intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the hydrogen peroxide group than in the adrenaline group (9.99 ± 4.51 mL vs. 13.87 ± 6.32 mL; p = 0.0). The median operation time was also significantly lower in the hydrogen peroxide group (8.02 ± 3.59 min vs. 9.22 ± 3.88 min; p = 0.019). Meanwhile, the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were significantly higher in the hydrogen peroxide group (4.98 ± 1.94 vs. 4.27 ± 1.97; p = 0.001). Conclusion- The topical application of hydrogen peroxide as a hemostatic agent effectively decreases the operation time and intraoperative blood loss. Thus, hydrogen peroxide can be used as a routine hemostatic agent for bleeding control in tonsillectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of childhood mortality and accounts for nearly 9% of under-5 children deaths, as well as morbidity, under nutrition and stunting. There is an increasing evidence of association between feeding practices in childhood and the occurrence of childhood diarrhea. METHODS: A descriptive cross- sectional study was conducted on infants and children less than 2 years of age suffering from diarrhoeal diseases admitted in the Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh. A total of 200 caregivers and mothers of children < 2 years of age were interviewed with the help of a predesigned questionnaire. RESULTS: Among 200 children who presented with diarrhea, most common age of presentation was 12-24 months (44.5%), with more males 61.5% and majority were from rural area 65.5%. During diarrhea, ORS was consumed by only 74% children. Khichdhi was the most common food consumed during diarrhea, by 21% children. In our study, 71% were exclusively breastfed. Mixed feeding (breastfeeding and top feeding) was provided to 58(29%) children before 6 months, among them maximum children were less than 2 months of age. Most common top milk given was cow milk given to 77.6% of children. Staple diet of this region among children was cereal -based diet (58.5%). Bottle feeding was given to 72.4% children. CONCLUSION: In our study we had seen that there were different types of feeding practices among children who presented with diarrhea. So, we should focus on educating mothers about diarrhea illness, importance of fluids during diarrhea, knowledge regarding different feeding practices in children and hygienic practices to be followed by mother or caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background- This study entitled "Outcome of different surgical technique in pre-auricular sinus- A retro-spective study". Aim and objective- to summarize the clinical feature, compare the long-term results of the preauricular sinus excision by simple sinectomy and supra-auricular approach and to evaluate the recurrence rate of supra-auricular approach. Method and material - This retrospective study was conducted in the department of ENT, Bundelkhand medical college and hospital Sagar MP after due clearance institutional ethics committee. This study was conducted on 102 patients of pre-auricular sinus which were previously operated in ENT department from duration april 2019 to april 2022. All patients were divided in two groups on the basis of surgical approach 1) Group A ( n=32) - patients in which simple sinectomy was done. 2) Group B (n=70) - patients in which supra-auricular approach used. We analyzed the ratio of male to female, age group of the highest prevalence and recurrence rate. All the patients were followed up for at least 3 months after operations. The statistical analysis and comparison were performed utilizing SPSS. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. Result - in our study male to female 1:1.8, common in teenage 11-20 year age, unilateral was more than bilateral (left side preauricular sinus about 50%), recurrence rate was more in simple sinectomy than supra-auricular technique. Conclusion- Supra-auricular approach had significantly lower recurrence rate than tract sinectomy approaches, so it is recommended to make it the standard primary procedure for preauricular sinus excision besides its use in recurrent cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Abstract】 Objective: Monteggia fracture dislocation equivalent, though already described by Bado, is still an unclassified entity. We aimed to retrospectively analyze 18 cases of Monteggia variants and discuss the injury mechanisms, management, and outcome along with a review of the literature. Methods: A retrospective record of Monteggia fracture dislocation (2003-2008) was reviewed from medical record department of our institute. Classic Monteggia fracture dislocation, children below 12 years or adults over 50 years, as well as open grade II & III cases were excluded from this study. Monteggia variant inclusion criteria included fracture of the proximal ulna together with a fracture of the radial head or neck and skeletal maturity. Totally 26 patients were identified with Monteggia variants and 18 were available for follow-up, including 11 males and 7 females with the mean age of 35 years. The ulna fracture was treated by compression plating along with tension band wiring. Radial head/neck was reconstructed in 12 patients while excised in 6 patients. Results: Follow-up ranged from 1-4 years, mean 2.6 years. Patients were assessed clinicoradiologically. Mayo Elbow Performance Score was employed to assess the outcomes. At final follow-up, the results were excellent in 10 patients, good in 4, fair in 2 and poor in 2. Mean range of motion of the elbow was 20°, 116°, 50° and 55° for extension, flexion, pronation and supination, respectively. Two patients had complications in the form of heterotopic ossification and stiffness of the elbow. One nonunion ulna, primarily treated by tension band wiring, was managed by refixation with locking reconstruction plate and bone grafting. Bone grafting was only required in this patient for nonunion. Another patient had implants removed on his request. The results in our series closely correlated with extent of intraarticular damage, coronoid fracture and comminuted fractures. Conclusions: Monteggia fracture dislocation equivalents are rare injuries and pre-surgery recognition by radiographs and 3-D CT helps make optimal plan. The poor results usually relate to intraarticular damage, coronoid fractures and comminution of the ulna and radial head fractures. Key words: Monteggia’s fracture; Radius fracture; Ulna

【Abstract】Isolated coronal fractures of femoral condyle are rare in adults and nonunion of Hoffa fracture is reported only a few times in the literature. We analyzed six cases of nonunion of Hoffa fractures over a period of three years. Three patients were treated conservatively and three patients had fixation failures. Delay of presentation was 2 months to one year. Treatment protocol consisted of open reduction, excision of pseudoarthrosis, bone grafting and internal fixation along with knee arthrolysis. Union was achieved in all patients at mean 16 weeks. The treatment of nonunion of Hoffa fractures requires careful preoperative planning and meticulous surgical technique. The literature regarding the controversies in fracture management and surgical technique are reviewed. Key words: Femoral fracture; Fracture fixation, internal; Retrospective studies